必修第一册 定语从句专项语法讲义

2/2必修第一册定语从句专项语法讲义定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常跟在先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引出。关系代词:who,whom,whose,that,which等关系副词:when,where,why等Thisisthemanwhowantstoseeyou.先行词Antecedent

(aword,phrase,sentence)Thebeautyofawomanisnottheclothesshewears,thefigurethatshecarriesorthewayshecombsherhair.Thebeautyofawomanmustbeseenfrominhereyes,becausethatisthedoorwaytoherheart,theplacewhereloveresides.

Onlythosewhohavethepatiencetodosimplethingsperfectlyeveracquiretheskilltododifficultthingseasily.itbringstogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.Hesaidhehadnotime,whichisn’ttrue.Mygirlfriendlikesdancingwithotherguys,whichreallydrivesmecrazy.关系词(relativepron./adv.)重复指代先行词,起连接主句和从句的作用,并且在从句中充当一定成分。一、关系代词which;thatWhich在定语从句中做主语或宾语。that指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。Thisisthebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterday.Themanwho/thatemployedmeisanengineer.Heisgoingtoinvitehisdistantrelatives(who/whom/that)hehasneverseenbefore二、关系代词who;whomWho（主格）在定语从句中做主语或宾语。Whom（宾格），在从句中做宾语，做宾语时可以省略。Themanwhoistalkingtomyfatherisaprofessor.Heistheman(who/whom)Isawinthereading-roomyesterday.注意一：在下列几种情况下，定语从句的关系代词只能用that:1当先行词为不定代词时，如：something,anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,littleAllthatIknowishisname.2先行词有all,every,no,some,any,only,few,little等修饰时Youcantakeanyseatthatisn’toccupied.3先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时Thefirstonethatarrivesherewillbegivenalittlegift.ThemostbeautifulplacethatIhavevisitedisJiuZhaiGou.4先行词既指人，又指物时TheplacesandthepeoplethatIvisitedhasleftadeepimpressiononme.5先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时HeistheverymanthatIamlookingfor.6避免关联词在一个句子中重复时Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeechtothestudents?Ourhometownisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Ourhometownisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.(that在从句中做表语,不用which)Heisnotthemanthathewas.(that做表语)他已不是过去的他了.Thewaythat/inwhich/不填thesestudentslookatproblemsisnotright.Sheisthetopstudent,whotheysayhaswonchampionshipintherace.注意二：下列情况下，定语从句的关系代词只能用who当先行词为人称代词或指示代词时，Those__who_____areover80cangetfreetickets.He__who_____isnot

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wise.注意三：在“介词+关系代词”这种结构中，关系代词通常用which或whom,该关系代词不能Fortunately,IhaveobtainedthejobforwhichIapplied.=whichIappliedfor.=thatIappliedfor.省略。Doyouknowtheman(who/that/whom)myfatherisspeakingto?Doyouknowthemantowhommyfatherisspeaking?Heistheman(who/whom/that)Iamlookingfor.Wrong:HeisthemanforwhomIamlooking.1.看从句的动词：所用动词与定语从句的动词构成固定搭配Thegoalsforwhichhehadfoughtallhislifenolongerseemedimportanttohim.2.看从句的形容词HereferedmetosomereferencebookswithwhichI’mnotveryfamiliar.Theywillpassalongtheirfreshimpressionstotheyouthgroupsinwhichtheyareactive.3.看先行词选介词TheeasewithwhichmissJincrackedthecomplexsentencewasunbelievable.Theeasewasunbelievable.MissJincrackedthecomplexsentencewitheaseandtheeasewasunbelievable.=Theease(MissJincrackedthecomplexsentencewithwhich)wasunbelievable.对于这个复杂的句子，金老师能够如此轻而易举的分析出来，这真是让人难以置信！看句意选介词Ourlifeislikeawheelwithsixspokes:family,financial,physical,mental,social,andspiritual.Thephysicalspokeisourhealth,withoutwhichnothingmakessense.我们的人生就像一个六轴心的齿轮：家庭、经济、身体、思想、社会、精神。其中，身体之轴就是指我们的健康，没有了健康，任何事情都是毫无意义的。5.表示所属关系或者部分与整体的关系用ofThetotalcultivationalareais13,oooacres,ofwhich10,000acresareirrigatedfields.Livinginthedeserthasitsproblems,ofwhichobtainingwaterisnottheleast.三、关系代词whose的用法Theboygotthefirstprize.Theboy’sfatherisanengineer.Theboywhosefatherisanengineergotthefirstprize.WhenIlookedthroughthewindow,Isawagirlwhosebeautytookmybreathaway.窗户朝南的房间是我的。Theroomwhosewindowsfacesouthismine.Theroomthewindowsofwhichfacesouthismine.Theroomofwhichthewindowsfacesouthismine.四、关系副词when,where,why在从句中做状语,相当于“介词+which”结构。Beijingistheplace.Iwasbornintheplace.BeijingistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.September1,1985wasthedaywhenIwasborn.=onwhichCanyoutellmethereasonwhyheislate?=forwhichThisisthevillage(that/which)Ivisitedlastyear.ThisisthevillagewhereIwasborn.I’llneverforgetthedays(which/that)wespenttogether.I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIstayedinthiscity.Thisisthereasonwhich/thatcanexplainhisabsence.Thisisthereasonwhyheisabsent.Where引导定语从句,先行词可以是含有地点意义的其他各种名词Annie:youknowthatdreamwhereyouarewalkingdownthestreetnakedandeveryoneislookingatyou?Becky:Ilovethatdream.Annie:Thatwasnothingcomparedtothishumiliation,nothingCheatingismostlylikelyinsituationswherethevitalinterestsarehighandthechancesofgettingcaughtarelow.Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.五、as引导的定语从句,as在句中可做主语,表语和宾语。1.suchas;thesameasWehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.Thisisthesamethingasweareinneedof.ThisisthesamebookasIreadyesterday.2.thesameas