2024年高考英语真题和模拟题分类汇编专题16阅读理解说明类含解析

专题16阅读理解说明类

I、2024年高考真题

（2024•新高考I卷・C篇）

WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,the

skiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.Native

Americanshavetakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourseswisely.

Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafew

decadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl

（水禽）werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverly

cimbitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhouse

theever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat（栖息地）.

In1934,withthepassageoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct（Act）,

anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionof

migratory（迁徙的）waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.Under

thisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchase

andcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesigned

byJ.N."Ding"Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,Iowa,whoat

thattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectorofthe

BureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppricetoensure

thesurvivalofournaturalresources.

About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratory

BirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusion

intotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem-afactthatensuresthislandwill

beprotectedandavailableforal1generationstocome.Since1934,betterthan

halfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5million

acresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhasbeencalled

oneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.

1.WhatwasacauseoftnewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNorthAmerica?

A.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.

C.Pol1utionofrivers.D.ArrivalofotherwiIdanimals.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"decimate"meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.

3.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?

A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.

B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.

C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.

1）.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.

4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.TheFederalDuckStampStory

B.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem

C.TheBenefitsofSavingWaterfowl

D.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting

【答案】ACDA

【解析】本文为说明文，讲解并描述了美国为了爱护“水禽”颁布了一项政策，狩猎者须要

购买相关水禽类邮票，然后政府把售卖所得款拨给候鸟爱护基金组织。

1.细微环节理解题。依据题干信息NorthAmerica以及decline定位到第一段:Millicnsof

waterfowlwerekilledat…Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredried…greatly

reducingwaterfowlhabitat.分析可知，数百万的水禽被猎人和野心过大的运动员给杀害

了。而数百万英亩的湿地被开垦以喂养和容纳日益增长的人口，而这大大削减了水禽的栖息

地。可知，湿地流失是导致水禽数量削减的缘由。故选A。

2.词义揣测题。依据题干信息firstparagraph定位到第一段:Unfortunately,ittookthe

explorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepart

oftheseresources.依据Unfortunately（不幸地是）可知，此处与前文“takencare

uf"形成对比，故此处应表示〃损害、毁坏〃。原文译为：不幸地是，这些探险者和定居

者只花了几十年的时间就毁掉了这些资源的很大一部分。故选Co

3.推理推断题。依据题干信息in1934定位到其次、三段。分析可知，其次段是在说明在颁

布了这个法令之后，16岁或者超过16岁以上的水禽捕猎者必需每年购买并携带联邦鸭票，而

第三段则提及了大约98%的鸭子邮票的钱都是干脆被用于购买爱护湿地。因此D选项，政府

可以筹集钱，符合题意。故选D。

4.主片大意题。依据原文分析可知，首先作者先提出了湿地的破坏导致了水禽数量的r降，

而后政府则通过发行联邦鸭票筹集资金，用于爱护湿地，是史上最成功的爱护项目之一。因

此A选项，联邦鸭票的故事符合题意。故选A。

（2024•全国甲卷・B篇）

PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding（繁育）programme,haswe1corned

thearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf（犀牛幼崽）.Whenthetinycreature

arrivedonJanuary31.shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.

AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwitnthenewarrival,especially

asblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity（圈养）.

PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:"Obviouslywe're

allabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.

She*shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,

isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoo

coldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,

Ihavenodoubtthatthe1ittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplaying

everyday.”

Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthe

reserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidates

tobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.Thefirstrhinotobebornat

PortLympnearrivedcnJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout

32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserve

andstilllivethere.

AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulation

hasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa"criticallyendangered^status.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme?

A.Costly.B.Controversial.C.Ambitious.D.Successful.

2.WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenew-bornrhino?

A.Shelovesstayingwithhermother.

B.Shedislikesoutdooractivities.

C.Sheisingoodcondition.

I）.Sheissensitivetoheat.

3.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?

A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary.

B.Theyenjoyedexploringnewplaces.

C.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers.

D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.

4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPortLympneReserve?

A.Therhinosectionwi11beopentothepublic.

B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.

C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.

D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.

【答案】DCAD

【解析】本文是一篇说明乂，主要讲解并描述肯特野生动物园庆祝一只可爱的稀有动物黑犀

牛幼崽的到来。

1.细微环节理解题。依据题干关键词〃lhebreedingprogramme定位在原文第一段第一句

话PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding（繁育）programme,haswelcomedthe

arrivalofarareblackrhinocalf（犀牛幼崽）.林普恩港爱护区（PortLympneReserve）

开展了一项繁殖安排，它迎来了一头稀有的黑犀牛犊牛的到来。所以，应当是成功的.牧选D

项。

2.细微环节理解题。依据题干关键词"PaulBeersay〃定位在其次段他说的话，其中依据

“Obviouslywe'real1absolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhino

family.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.”明显，我们

都特别兴奋地欢迎另一头小牛来到我们的黑犀牛家庭。她健康，强壮，并且已经渴望玩耍和

探究。可知在这个新生的小犀牛状况很好。故选C项。

3.推理推断题。依据题干关键词"similarexperience,SolioandKisima”定位在原文其

次段“Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjcb.她

的母亲，索里奥，是第一次当妈妈，她做得很好。"和第三段"Thefirstrhinotobeborn

atPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout

32kg.1月5日，在林普恩港诞生的第一头犀牛来到了它的第一位母亲基西马身边，体重约

32公斤。"可知Solio和Kisima相像点都是第一次当妈妈。故选AJ贝。

4.推理推断题。依据题干关键词"PortLympneReserve*定位在原文第一段"PortLympne

Reserve,whichrunsabreeding（繁育）programme”和第三段z，Hismother,grandmother

andgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.他的母亲、

祖母和曾祖母都诞生在爱护区，至今仍住在那里。"可知林普恩港爱护区是负责•项繁殖安

排的项目，它的一些扉牛始终住在爱护区，所以一些犀牛可能会被送到野生爱护区。故选D

项。

（2024•全国甲卷・D篇）

Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindfor

centuries.

Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius,llisfaceisalmostthe

internationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplore

thenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmore

intelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhite

men,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistory

iswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmission

tothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidethe

club—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledged

andrejectedbyothers.

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girls

arelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender（性别）are“really,

reallysmart.，zEvenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Around

agesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,

reallysmart.*Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecome

discouragedandgivejp?Itdocsn，ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutely

not.

Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworld\vithconstantglobalcommunication,

we*reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthe

morewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors（因素）likegender,

race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,

futuregeniusescomefromthosewithuintelligence,creativity,perseverance

（毅力）,andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.

1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors*standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?

A.They,reunfair.B.They'reconservative.

C.They'r。objective.D.They'r。strict.

2.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?

A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.

B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.

C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.

D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs.

3.Whyaremoiegeniusesknownlothepublic?

A.Improvedglobalcommunication.

IkLessdiscriminationagainstwomen.

C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts.

D.Changesinpeople*ssocialpositions.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.GeniusesThinkAlike

B.GeniusTakesManyForms

C.GeniusandIntelligence

I）.GeniusandLuck

【答案】ADAB

【解析】本文是一篇说明叉。主要讲解并描述了天才的实质，指责了天才种族轮和性别轮，

并指M其危害。

1.推理推断题。依据题干"victors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub”定位到其

次段It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthe

standardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniuses

outsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywere

unacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.据说历史是由成功者书写的，而这些成功者为天

才俱乐部设定了准入标准。当俱乐部外的天才一一女性、不同肤色或信仰的人一一做出贡献

时，他们得不到认可，也会被其他人拒绝），据此可以推断出作者认为成功者的标准是不公允

的，所以选A项。

2.推理推断题。依据题干girlsfromthestudyinScience定位到第三段Astudyrecently

publishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix.girlsarelesslikelythanboys

tosaythatmembersoftheirgender（'性另ij）are"really,reallysmart."Evenworse,

thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoid

activitiessaidtobeforchiIdrenwhoare"really,reallysmart.”《科学》杂志最

近发表的一项探讨发觉，在6岁时，女孩比男孩更不行能说出自己性别的成员，更糟糕的是，

探讨发觉女孩们的行为都是基于这样的信念：在六岁左右，她们起先避开从事那些所谓“特

别聪慧”的孩子们的活动）。据此可推知女孩有可能被社会错误信念所影响，故选D项。

3.细微环节理解题。依据题干"moregeniusesknowntothepublic”定位最终一段Inawired

worldwithconstantglobalcommunication,wcJreallpositionedtoseeflashesof

geniuswherevertheyappear在一个全球互联世界里，我们都能看到天才的出现，无论它

们出现在哪里，可知更多的天才被公众所知道的缘由在于改善的全球通信，故选A项。

4.主旨大意题。A项（天才的想法相同）文章没有涉及；C项（天才和智力）只是文章的一个

细微环节不能作为文章的主旨；D项（天才和运气）也只是在文章的最终略微提起，也只是

文章的一个小细微环节.依据文章的最终一句Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefrom

thosewith^intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力），andsimplegoodfortune,

whoarcabletochangetheworld.M正如一位作家所说,将来的天才来自那些具有”才智、

创建力和毅力”的人和简洁的好运，那些能变更世界的人。纵观全文可知，天成具有多样性，

故选B项。

（2024・全国乙卷・B篇）

Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfof

Australianhomesstillpayingforalandline（座机）?

Thesedaysyou,dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheage

of15whodoesn*townamobi1ephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveone

intheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,

anytime.

Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonly

justoveraquarter(29%)relyonlyontheirsmartphones,accordingtoasurvey

OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealandline,athirdconcedethat

it'snotreallynecessaryandthey*rekeepingitasasecurityblanket-19

percentsaytheyneveruseitwhi1eafurther13percentkeepitincaseof

emergencies.Ithinkmyhomefcillsintothatcategory.

MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeir

homephone.Ageisnaturallyafactor(因素)一only58percentofGeneration

Ysstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto84percentofBabyBoomers

who'veperhapshadrhesamehomenumberfor50years.Ageisn'ttheonly

factor;rdsayit'salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.

GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likenywifeandI,canstillfind

itconvenienttohaveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobi1ephonefor

everyfamilymember.Thatsaid,tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringour

homephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,tothepointwhereweplayagameand

guesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone(usingCallerIDwouldtake

thefunoutofit).

Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlongunt.i1theygothewaynf

gasstreetlampsandmorningmilkdeliveries?

1.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?

A.Theirtargetusers.

B.Theirwidepopularity.

C.Theirmajorfunctions.

I).TheircompIexdesign.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"concede'inparagraph3mean?

A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.

3.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?

A.Theylikesmartphonegames.

B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers'identity.

C.Theykeepusingland!inephones.

D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.

4.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?

A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.

B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.

C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.

I）.11isasimportantasthegaslight.

【答案】BACB

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。当今世界上几乎全部人都有手机，但一半以上澳大利亚家庭仍

旧拥有座机，本文说明白现这一现象的缘由。

1.主旨大意题。依据题干信息paragraph2,定位到文章其次段。分析可知，该段主要说明手

机在澳大利亚的运用率特别高，手机运用特别普及。故诜B。

2.词义揣测题。依据题干信息concede,定位到第三段Still,55percentofAustralianshave

alandlinephoneathome••,OfthoseAustralianswhostillhavealand!ine,athird

concedethatit'snotreallynecessary%分析可知,虽然55%的人的家中都还有座机，

但他们中的三分之一的人认为座机其实并不特别必要。由此我们可以推想，这些人在说ifs

notnecessary的时候是在承认这件事。故选A。

3.细微环节理解题。依据题干信息BabyBoomers,定位到第四段Ageisnaturallyafactor

（因素）一only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,coirparcd

to84percentofBabyBoomerswho,veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years.

分析可知，84%的BabyBoomers仍用座机，而且他们可能已经用同一个座机号码5（）年了。由

此可知,BabyBoomers仍在用座机。故选知

4.推理推断题。依据题干信息lastparagraph,定位到原文最终一段Howlonguntiltheygo

thewayofgasstieellampscindmuiningmiIkdeliveries?。分析可知，煤气路灯和早

晨送牛奶服务都离我们现在的生活比较久远，它们基本已经消逝了。作者发出疑问：多久以

后座机会走上煤气路灯、旦晨送牛奶服务的老路呢？因此可以推想，座机有一天也会消逝。

选项B中的falloutofise意为起先不用、慢慢废弃，符合文意。故选

（2024•全国乙卷・C篇）

You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheocean-between4.8and12.7

milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraw

orcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknow

thatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcing

viewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiece

called^Strawpocalypse,“apairof1O-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozen

mid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteer

beachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlace

shoppingcenterinlloChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeans

thebiggestsource（夹源）ofplasticpol1ution,tulthey'v。recentlycomeunder

firebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheir

smallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat，spartofVon

Wong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.

Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwi11takecenturiestodisappear.

Inapiecefrom2024,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（说明）aspecific

statistic:Every60seconds,atruckload*sworthofplasticenterstheocean.

Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,“VonWongandagroupof

volunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentied

togethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（倾倒）fromatruckal1atonce.

VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreduce

theirplasticfootprint.

1.WhatareVonWong'sartworksintendedfor?

Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.

B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.

C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.

D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.

2.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?

A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.

B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.

C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.

D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.

3.Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic"haveonviewers?

A.Calming.B.Disturbing.

C.Refreshing.I）.Chai1enging.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Artists'OpinionsonPlasticSafety

B.MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

【答案】CABD

【解析】本文为说明文。讲解并描述了艺术家BenjaminVonWong用回收到的废旧吸管创作

艺术作品“吸管末日”，目的是提示人们警惕所生产、消费的塑料垃圾，以及提高人们对改

善环境问题的参加意识。

1.细微环节理解题。由第一段最终•句可■知，该艺术家创作的初衷是督促公众重新谛视与・•

次性塑料制品的关系“故选配

2.推理推断题。第三段作者阐述了吸管由于体积小，重录轻，很难回收。故选A。

3.推理推断题。依据首段…forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshipto--及

尾段wi11alsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.…可

知，原文中的VonWong希望让人们可以重新谛视他们对于塑料制品的处理方式。B选项

Disturbing的意思为“令人担心的，引起恐慌的〃，符合文意。故选B。

4.主旨大意题。本文围绕环保话题，介绍了位叫本杰明的艺术家，试图用塑料垃圾创作哪

塑作品，唤起公众对塑料垃圾的重视。故选D。

（2024•全国乙卷・D篇）

Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingI

stillthinkaboutoft2n.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction（干扰）inhisopen

office,hesaid,"That'swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacross

thestreet—soIcanfocus."Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,

coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout（布局）.ButIrecently

cameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.

Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsasthey

completedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofour

groupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilence

to50decibels（分贝），70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetween

mostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipants

inthe70decibelsgroup-thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilarto

backgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheother

groups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreative

thinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibels

ofbackgroundnoise.

Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalso

suggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise-nottooloudandnottotal

silence—mayactuallyimproveone*screativethinkingabi1ity.Therightlevel

ofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenough

toallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.

Thiskindof"distractedfocus“appearstobethebeststateforworkingon

creativetasks.

Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?Theproblemmaybethat,

inouroffices,wecan*tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers,

conversationswhilewe'retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthat

face-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,and

yetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhile

alsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.

1.Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?

A.Ithelpshimconcentrate.

B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.

C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.

I).11encouragesface-to-faceinteractions.

2.Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?

A.Totalsilence.B.50decibels.

C.70decibels.D.85decibels.

3.Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?

A.Personalprivacyunprotected.

B.Limitedworkingspace.

C.Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.

D.Constantinterruptions.

4.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.He*sanewsreporter.

B.He'sanofficemanager.

C.He,saprofessionaldesigner.

I).He'sapublishedwriter.

【答案】ACDD

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，通过试验数据分析了过分办公室噪音对于办公效率的影晌，但

合伙办公有利于集中留意力，适量的声音有利于创新思维。

1.细微环节理解题°由第一段其次句“…soIcanfocus”可知，采访者喜爱在公用工作场

所办公，是因为他可以集中精力。故选A。

2.细微环节理解题。由其次段“th。participantsinthe70decibels

group…significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups”可知,在70分贝下采访者的表

现最优，说明该环境可以改善创建性思维实力。故选C。

3.推理推断题。由最终一段其次句〃…can'tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawninto

ulher,suunveisaliunswhilewe'reliyingtofocus”可知，开放式办公环境中，常常有

其他事情分散人们的留意力。故选D。

4.推理推断题。由第一段第一句可知，作者在为自己的书接受采访，可推断他是作家。故选D。

（2024•浙江卷・C篇）

Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"lell"whetheryoulook

contentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeableto

distinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy.

Researcherstrainedagroupof11clogstodistinguishbetweenimages（图

像）ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthe

trainingstage,eachdogwasshownonIytheupperhaIforthelowerhalf【）「

theperson*sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguish

betweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson,s

faceorimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchers

foundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchinga

pictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.

Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredout.howtoappIywhattheylearned

abouthumanfacesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecan

ruleoutthatthedogssimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbusedonasimple

cue,suchasthesightofteeth,“saidstudyanthorCorsinMuller."Instead,

ourresultssuggestthatthesurcessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeans

thesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouth

havingthesamemeaningasangryeyes.”

“Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleast

somedogscandistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,MullertoldLive

Science.

Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwith