Unit 4 Adversity and Courage and Expressions 课件高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit4

AdversityandCourage

Wordsandexpressions1.adversity[ədˈvɜːsəti]n.困境；逆境pl.adversities

Heremainedhopeful

inadversity/inthefaceofadversity.face/dealwithadversitywithcourageovercome/meetwithmanypersonaladversities走出/遭遇逆境inadilemma处于窘境/困境中introuble在麻烦中inneed在危难/贫困中indifficulty/difficulties在困难中勇敢面对困境inadversity在困境中2.bitter[ˈbɪtə(r)]adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的

1.味苦的；辛酸的;痛苦的Goodmedicineisbitterinthemouth.abittertastebittertearsweepbittertears(=weepbitterly)2.激烈的abitterdispute/battle/struggle3.充满仇恨(怨恨)的

bebitterabout...4.严寒的thebittercoldabitterwindItisisbitterly/freezingcold.

bitterlyadv痛苦地;愤恨地;极其bitterness[U]苦味;痛苦;悲痛;酷烈良药苦口辛酸的眼泪对...愤愤不平

严寒一股寒风天气寒冷刺骨。苦味激烈的争论/战斗/挣扎流出痛苦的泪水（哭得很伤心）3.expedition[ˌekspəˈdɪʃn]n.探险；远征；探险队[C]探险（队），远征（队），考察（队）(tosth/todosth)join/takepartin/send/lead

anexpedition

beon/plan/make/goonanexpedition

[C]短途出行(=trip)goonashopping/shippingexpedition

外出购物、钓鱼

派遣、率领、参加一支探险队（正在、计划）去（南极）进行探险、考察4.endurance[ɪnˈdjʊərəns]n.忍耐力；耐久力endurance[U]忍耐力；耐久力

endurevt.忍受,忍耐=enduresth./doingsth./todosth.

Themarathonisatestofendurance.=Themarathontestsendurance.(be)beyondenduranceincreaseone’sendurancebear/tolerate/stand无法忍受增加某人的耐力⁠

⁠⁠

5.⁠cruel/ˈkruːəl/adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的【教材原句】

LifewascrueltoOliverwhenhewasyoung.奥利弗小时候，生活对他很残酷。Somepeoplechoosenottoeatmeatbecausetheybelievethatit

is

cruel

to

animals.【派生】（2）cruelly

adv.残忍地；残酷地cruelty

n.

残忍；残酷【固搭】（1）becruelto

对……残忍becrueltobekind

为使其受益而严格要求有些人选择不吃肉，因为他们认为吃肉对动物太残忍了。单句语法填空①Thedeliberate故意的

cruelty

⁠

（cruel）ofhiswordscutherlikeaknife.②Thetramp流浪汉

hadbeen

cruelly

⁠

（cruel）treatedbeforesheadoptedhim.

完成句子③Ican’tputupwithpeople

who/thatarecrueltoanimals

⁠.

我不能容忍对动物残忍的人。crueltycruellywho/thatarecrueltoanimalscrueladj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的【派生】（2）cruelly

adv.残忍地；残酷地cruelty

n.

残忍；残酷【固搭】（1）becruelto

对……残忍6.turnsb.down拒绝某人 turndown拒绝;关小;调低turnin

上交;拐入;告发turnout

结果是;证明是;生产;制造turnon

打开

turnoff

关掉turntosb.forhelp 向某人求助turnup 出现;发生;调高①Hepromisedtocometoday，buthehasn’tturned

up

⁠yet.②Itturned

out

⁠thatheturnedhisback

on

⁠myproposal/prəˈpəʊz(ə)l/提议，建议，求婚.③Havingundergonesomethingmiserable，hedidnotfallasleep入睡，turning

over

⁠inbedfromtimetotime时不时，偶尔.【写美】一句多译④结果是这项工作比我们想的要难。→Thejob

turnedouttobeharderthanwethought

⁠.

→It

turnedoutthatthejobwasharderthanwethought

⁠.

up

out

on

over

turnedouttobeharderthanwethought

turnedoutthatthejobwasharderthanwethought

hard,difficult,challenging/ˈmɪzrəbl/adj.

痛苦的，使人难受的⁠7.

⁠qualified

/ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/adj.符合资格；具备……的知识（或技能、学历等）【派生】qualify

/ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/vt.&vi.（使）具备资格；（使）合格qualification/ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/

n.【C】资格；资历；资格证书【U】合格【固搭】（1）bequalifiedforsth

有资格获得某物bequalifiedtodosth

有资格做某事

【beadj.todo】（2）qualify(vt.)sbtodosth

使某人有资格做某事【佳句】

①AsfarasIamconcerned，thecleverandgood-temperedyoungmanis

qualified

toacceptthejob.②Thetrainingcourse训练课程qualifiesyoutobe/asa

drivinginstructor驾驶教练.单句语法填空①Iholdthestrongbeliefthat(我坚信)Iamqualified

for

⁠thepositionadvertisedinthenewspaper.②Thetestwillqualifyyou

tocarry

⁠

（carry）out执行thetaskindependently.

③Theyounggirlhasthe

qualifications

⁠

（qualify）toteachEnglish.for

tocarry

qualifications

一句多译④他正在寻找一个能胜任这项工作的人。→Heislookingforaperson

qualifiedforthejob

⁠.

→Heislookingforaperson

qualifiedtodothejob

⁠.

qualifiedforthejob

qualifiedtodothejob

havethequalificationsforsth./todo

有资格做某事8.enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的(1)beenthusiasticabout…(2)enthusiasmn.befullofenthusiasm

(3)enthusiasticallyadv.单句语法填空①He’salwaysbeenveryenthusiastic________sports.②Today,Iamjustas________________(enthusiasm)aboutmyjobasthedayIfirststarted.③Everyday,sheworks________________(enthusiastical).aboutenthusiasticenthusiastically

9.aboardadv.&prep.在船（飞机、火车、公共汽车）上；上船（飞机、火车）(1)goaboard(theplane/train)

登机/上船Allaboard!

（口语）请大家上船/车/飞机Welcomeaboard!

欢迎登机/上船/上车！(2)boardn

.

板

登机；上船onboard

在船上；在飞机上①Assoonasthetrainarrived,allthewaiting

peoplewentaboard.火车一到，所有等待的人都上车了。②

Theplaneistakingoff.

please.飞机就要起飞了，请大家上飞机。ƒAllthepeople

were

killedintheaccident.船上所有的人在这次事故中都丧生了。［名师点津］abroad与aboard两者容易混淆，abroad是副词，意为“在国外；到国外”。Allaboardaboard/onboard9.assignvt.分派;布置;分配【语块积累】(1)assignsth.tosb./assignsb.sth.分配某人做某事assignsb.(tosth./assth.) 指定;指派assignsb.todosth. 派某人做某事(2)assignment n.分配;任务;作业【即学活用】语法填空(1)Thetask________(assign),dangerousorotherwise,mustbefinishedasscheduled.(2)Thereporterwasassigned________(cover)thenews.

(3)Hehasjustcomeoffadifficult____________(assign).(4)Theteacherhas_______(assign)eachofusaholidaytasksincetwodaysago.assignedtocoverassignmentassigned⁠

10.⁠envy

/ˈenvi/n.【U】&vt.【-ies;-ied】

羡慕；妒忌【TBP38】

HoweveryonewillenvymewhenIcomebackandtellthemabouttheamazingplacesIhavebeento！

【派生】envious

/ˈenviəs/adj.羡慕的；忌妒的【固搭】（1）n.【U】羡慕；妒忌；令人羡慕的人（或事物）envyof/at...(对...的)羡慕；妒忌;betheenvyof...

成为(令...)羡慕/妒忌的对象(be)greenwithenvy

非常妒忌；非常眼红（2）vt.羡慕；妒忌envysb（doing）sth

羡慕/妒忌某人（做）某事envysb.sth.=envysb.forsth.【中译英】等我回来，当我告诉每个人我去过的那些神奇的地方，大家该会多羡慕我啊！单句语法填空①Ienvyyou

having

⁠

（have）suchaclosefamily.②Ifyouare

envious

⁠

（envy）ofsomeone，youwantsomethingthattheyhave.完成句子③Sheis

theenvyofallherfriends

⁠.

她所有的朋友都羡慕她。having

envious

theenvyofallherfriends

envysb（doing）sth羡慕/妒忌某人（做）某事

beenviousof

羡慕/妒忌某人/某物betheenvyof...

成为(令...)羡慕/妒忌的对象11.sinkvi.沉没;下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没sink-sank[sæŋk]/sunk[sʌŋk]sunkbesankin

陷入不快或沉思中Shejustsatthere,sunkinthought.①vi&vt(使)下沉;(使)沉没【反float】②vi(高度)下降;倒下;坐下③vi消沉;陷入;降低;减弱one’sheartsinksThesixthday,themanthrowstheglassstoneintothesea,withhisheartsinkingtoseatogether.某人心沉下去(=losehope)【派生】abandonedadj.

被遗弃的；放纵的【固搭】vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃

（1）abandondoingsth

放弃做某事abandononeselfto

【介词】...

沉溺于……，纵情于……（3）beabandoned(adj.)to【介词】

（doing）

沉溺于……n.【U】放任；放纵（2）withabandon

放纵地，放任地⁠

12.⁠abandon/əˈbændən/vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃

n.【U】放任；放纵单句语法填空①Thegirlsjumpedupanddownandwavedtheirarms

with

⁠abandon.②Theyabandoned

carrying

⁠

（carry）outtheplanforlackofmoney.一句多译③他沉溺于在线游戏，这极大地影响了他的学业。→

Heabandonedhimselftoonlinegames

⁠，whichhadaverybadeffectonhisacademicperformance.

→

Hewasabandonedtoonlinegames

⁠，whichhadaverybadeffectonhisacademicperformance.

with

carrying

Heabandonedhimselftoonlinegames

Hewasabandonedtoonlinegames

对...有很不好的影响⁠

13.resolve/rɪˈzɒlv/vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决（问题或困难）

n.【U】决心；坚定的信念【TBP38】Theirgenuine/ˈdʒenjuɪn/

concernforothers，theirperseverance/ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns/，andtheirresolvefillmewithhope.【中译英】他们对别人的真心关怀、他们的锲而不舍以及坚定的信念，让我充满希望。【固搭】resolution

n.【C】决议；决心(resolve)【U,settlement】解决【派生】resolvetodosth=havearesolutiontodosth决定做某事resolveon

决定/决心……genuine/ˈdʒenjuɪn/adj.真正的，真诚的，可信赖的concernfor对...的关心

perseverance/ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns/

n.毅力，不屈不挠的精神单句语法填空①Theyresolved

on

⁠thatdaytocelebratehersuccess.②Thegovernmentispressingforanearly

resolution

⁠

（resolve）ofthecrisis.完成句子③She

resolvednottotell

⁠himthetruth.

她决定不告诉他真相。④Hewasdesperatetomoneyto

resolvehisfinancialproblems

⁠.

他迫切需要钱来解决他的经济问题。on

resolution

resolvednottotell

resolvehisfinancialproblems

desperate/ˈdespərət/adj.不顾一切的；渴望的，绝望的14.belongingsn.财产；所有物；相关事物【语块积累】belongingn.归属belongvi.属于belongto属于……；是……的成员注意：belongto不用于进行时和被动语态。单句语法填空①Whenhejoinedtheclub，hefeltasenseof

belonging

⁠

（belong）.②I’dliketohavealookatthetoys

belonging

⁠

（belong）toyou.③Lookafter照顾，照看yourpersonal

belongings

⁠

（belong）whilewaitingforthebus.完成句子④Thebeautifulnecklace

belongstomymother

⁠，whowearsitforspecialoccasions.

这条漂亮的项链是我妈妈的，她在特殊场合戴着它。belonging

belonging

belongings

belongstomymother

15.crueladj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的(1)itiscrueltodosth.becrueltosb.对某人残酷(2)adv.(3)crueltyn.①So________isthemanthathenevershowsanymercytowhoeverisagainsthisopinion.②Theirbeautifuldreamwasbroken________.③Youwillanswerforyour________tothepeoplearoundyou.④Bothwere________tired,yetBeckysaidshethoughtshecouldgoalittlefarther.cruelcruellycrueltycruelly选用cruel,cruelly或cruelty填空(1)Ican’tstandpeoplewhoare________toanimals.(2)So________isthemanthathenevershowsanymercytowhoeverisagainsthisopinion.(3)Theirbeautifuldreamwasbroken________.(4)Youwillanswerforyour________tothepeoplearoundyou.(5)Bothwere________tired,yetBeckysaidshethoughtshecouldgoalittlefarther.cruelcruelcrueltycruellycruelly⁠

16.

⁠commitment

/kəˈmɪtmənt/n.承诺；保证；奉献【教材原句】Andhepaidusbackbyhiscommitmenttosaveusfrom

aslowbutpainfuldeath.他用他的承诺回报了我们——把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡线上拯救回来。【派生】commitvt.(-tt-)

犯罪；做错事；保证；承诺committed

adj.

尽心尽力的；尽责的;坚定的，坚信的(OPP.un~)【固搭】（1）makeacommitment（todosth）

作出承诺（做某事）commitoneselfto(doing)sth专心致志于（做）某事；承诺/保证（做）某事becommittedto（doing）sth

承诺/全身心地投入（做）某事【写美】

完成句子③ItooktheCollegeEntranceExaminationand

committedmyselftogetting

⁠intocollege.

我参加了高考，并决心进入大学。④Ifyou

commityourselftoyourstudy

⁠，you’llsucceedoneday.

如果你专注于自己的学业，终有一天你会取得成功。committedmyselftogettingcommityourselftoyourstudy①Hewasagoodmanwhowas

committed

⁠

（commit）tohisfamilyaswellastohiswork.②Ifyouareseriousaboutourrelationship，youshouldmakea

commitment

⁠

（commit）.committedcommitmentbecommittedto致力于commitoneselfto(doing)致力于⁠

⁠17.unfortunately/ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/

adv.不幸地；遗憾地【教材原句】

Unfortunately，hisapplicationwasturneddownbecausehewastooyoungandnot

qualifiedenough.

不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，资质不够。fortune

n.【U】机遇；运气(chance,luck)；【C】大笔钱，巨款fortunate

adj.幸运的--fortunately

adv.幸运地--unfortunateadj.不幸的【佳句】

①Unfortunately，hesubmittedhimselftothetemporary暂时的

difficultyandhedidn’tachievehisgoal.不幸的是，他屈服于暂时的困难，没有实现他的目标。②Wehadtoeatoutallthetime.Itendedupcostingafortune.我们不得不总在外面吃饭，结果花了很多钱。submitoneselfto(It)endupdoingsth单句语法填空①Theyoungmanresolvedto

seekhis

fortune

⁠

（fortunate）inthatcity，butinvain徒劳无功.②Iwaslate，but

fortunately

⁠

（fortune）themeetinghadn’tstarted.完成句子③

Iamfortunatetohavesuchapreciousopportunity/chance

⁠

toserveasavolunteerintheactivity.

我很幸运有这样一次宝贵的机会在活动中担任志愿者。Iamfortunatetohavesuchapreciousopportunity/chancefortunefortunatelyresolvetodo决心做某事seekone’sfortune寻找发迹的机会；寻出路makea/one’sfortune[C]发财;赚大钱

19.giveoff放出（热、光、气味或气体）；发出（光、热、气味等）giveintosb.

向某人投降/屈服/让步giveout

分配；分发；用光；精疲力尽giveup

放弃；认输givein

屈服；投降；让步；上交giveaway

泄露；赠送①Thesewildflowersgiveoffanicesmell.这些野花散发出一股香味。②

Nomatterhowtheyfrightenus,wewill

never

不管他们怎样恐吓我们，我们决不让步。③

Thecouple

mostoftheir

fortunetothepoorintheirsmalltown.这对夫妻把他们大部分的财产都捐赠给了他们生活的那个小镇上的穷人。④Theenemieshadnochoicebutto

us.敌人除了向我们投降别无选择。giveingaveawaygiveinto20.thoroughadj.深入的；彻底的；细致的(1)

thoroughcleaning/examination/inspection/checkup/

investigation(2)

thoroughlyadv.彻底地；完全地①Detectivescarriedoutathoroughsearchofthebuilding.②Thisexplanationw

asthoroughlyunderstoodbyeveryonepresent③Engineerscarriedoutathoroughinspectionofthetrack.

写出句中thorough的含义（1）Thisverythoroughsurveygoesbackto1784.___________（2）Martinwouldbeagoodjudge，Ithought.Hewascalmandthorough.______________（3）Inordertoensuresuccesswemusthaveacompleteandthoroughplan.______________完成句子（4）Thepoliceofficersdecidedto________________________（进行一次彻底的审查）ofthecase.（5）Wearetryingto________________________（全面了解）ofthegovernment’sfinancialpolicy.彻底的细致的考虑周到的conductathoroughreviewgetathoroughunderstanding21.envy[ˈenvi]n.&vt.羡慕；妒忌betheenvyof...envysb(doing)sthbegreenwithenvywithenvy羡慕地羡慕某人（做）某事是令...羡慕或嫉妒的对象羡慕极了HoweveryonewillenvymewhenIcomebackandtellthemabouttheamazingplacesIhavebeento!(Page38)enviousadj.羡慕的，嫉妒的beenviousofsb/sth羡慕…1.他们羡慕我上一次抓住了那次机会。They______________________________________lasttime.2.我想他并不妒忌你的成功。Idon’tthinkhe_________________________yoursuccess.enviedmeseizingtheopportunityisenviousof单句语法填空22.decent/ˈdiːs(ə)nt/

adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的decent

food/meal不错的食物/饭菜decentjob/salary/placetolive像样的工作、工资、住处decentcitizens/people正派的或守规矩的市民/人Thatdressisn'tdecent.那件连衣裙不够雅观。23.persevere/ˌpɜːsəˈvɪə(r)/

vi.坚持；孜孜以求

perseverance

n.

毅力；不屈不挠的精神perseverein(doing)sth坚持（做）某事perseverewithsth/sb坚持……,锲而不舍showgreatperseveranceinthefaceofdifficulty/adversity面对困难时表现出强大的毅力

24.applicationn.应用；请求；申请(1)haveawideapplicationin...在…中得到广泛应用applicationform

申请表(2)

applyv.

应用；申请applyfor

申请applyto...for..

向申请⋯…①ThetechnologyhasawideapplicationinIT

industry.这项技术在信息技术行业中得到了广泛应用②Ifyouwanttoapply

membership,

youare

andsendanemailtopingpong@123.com.如果你想申请会员资格，你需要填写申请表并发送邮件至

pingpong@123.com。③Hehasappliedtothecompany

ajob.他已向那家公司申请一份工作。forrequiredtofillintheapplicationformfor25．advertisingn.广告活动；广告业(1)v.beadvertised

被宣传为……(2)advertisern.(3)v.①Ifyouwanttoattractmorecustomers,try_______________(advertise)inthelocalpaper.②Wearecurrentlyadvertising________anewsalesmanager.③Sheadvertisesherself________thebestcookinthetown.④The___________(advertise)spoketoohighlyoftheirproductsintheadvertisement.⑤Nowwecansee___________________(advertise)almosteverywhere.advertisingforasadvertiseradvertisements重点句型解构⁠

⁠句型公式：keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语：使...怎么样【教材原句】Our

disciplin/ˈdɪsəplɪn/纪律andteamspirit

kept

us

optimisticandhelpedusdealwithourfearsinapositiveandsuccessfulway.纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，并帮助我们积极成功地应对恐惧感。在keep复合结构（keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语）中，可以用作宾语补足语的有动词-ing形式、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。

①Thechallengingpuzzle拼图；谜

kept

her

thinkingforhours，butshestillcouldn’tfindtheanswer.②Pleasekeep

your

hands

behind

your

back.单句语法填空①Itisnecessarythatwekeeptheyounggeneration

informed

⁠

（inform）of通知thecurrent现在、当前的affairs事务，事宜.②Thequestionkeptme

wondering

⁠

（wonder）fortherestofthenight一整晚.③Hekeptthedoor

locked

⁠

（lock）alldaywhilehewasaway.informedwonderinglocked完成句子④Itcanpreventusfrom

gettingshort-sightedanditcan

keepusphysicallyhealthy

⁠.

它能够使我们免于近视，而且能使我们保持身体健康。keepusphysicallyhealthy重点句型解构⁠

⁠句型公式：as引导状语从句【TBP38】

Endurancebecamestuck卡住的

intheiceas

we

approached

Antarctica.在我们靠近南极时，“坚忍”号卡在了冰里。（1）as用作连词，可以引导时间状从、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句。（2）as引导让步状语从句“尽管，即使”时，句子用部分倒装结构。①Asthecraftsman工匠，手艺人

cameintotheclassroom，wegavehimawarmwelcomeandtwoboyshelpedhimwiththetoolbox.当那位工匠走进教室时，我们热烈欢迎，两个男孩帮他拿工具箱。②Talented

as

he

is，heisnotyetreadytoturnprofessional.虽然他很有天赋，但他还没有准备好成为职业运动员。语境辨义①Theysangsongsastheyweredoingfarmwork.

当……时候

②Ashewasn’treadyintime，wewentwithouthim.

因为，由于

③We’dbetterleavethingsastheyareuntilthepolicearrive.

像；按照⁠完成句子④

Talentedassheis

⁠，sheremainsmodest.

尽管她很有才华，但她很谦虚。⑤

Angryashewas

⁠，hecouldn’thelpsmiling.

尽管他很生气，他还是忍不住笑了。当……时候

因为，由于

像；按照Talentedassheis

Angryashewas

1.adv.:as...as...2.conj.:当...时；正如；按照；尽管；因为3.prep.像；作为，成为让步状语从句：although不可倒装though可倒可不倒as必须倒，提前：状语或作表语的“名动形副”⁠

⁠句型公式：too

...to

...太……而不能……【TBP38】

Soonafterwearrived，ShackletonleftustofindhelponSouthGeorgiaIsland，1，320kilometresaway—thevoyage/ˈvɔɪɪdʒ/wastoodangerousanddifficultforallofusto

makeitinoursmallboats.【中译英】我们来到此处之后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们，前往1，320公里之外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助——这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船，肯定无法每个人都到达。重点句型解构（1）表示否定意义：“too＋形容词/副词（forsb）＋todosth”，意为“(对某人而言)太……而不能……”。（2）表示肯定意义，“非常”：too...to...用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词，如anxious、eager、glad、happy、pleased、ready、willing等时，（3）can’t/cannever+v.原+too...意为“再怎么……也不过分”。⁠

⁠句型公式：too

...to

...太……而不能……单句语法填空①Thetaskheassignedtomewastoodifficultforme

tofinish

⁠

（finish）beforethedeadline截止日期.

②Iamtooglad

tolearn

⁠

（learn）thatyouhavewonthefirstprizeinthecontest竞赛，soI’mwritingtoconvey传达

mysincerecongratulations.

句式升级③Youmustbeverycarefulwhenyoudoyourhomework.→You

can’tbetoocareful

⁠whenyoudoyourhomework.

tofinish

tolearn

can’tbetoocareful

1.*Ithappened/happensthat...表示“碰巧发生某事”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。（1）“sth.+happen＋地点/时间”表示“某地（某时）发生了什么事”，此时主语应是事情。（2）“sth.+happen+tosb.”表示“某人出了某事（常指不好的事）”。（3）“sb.+happen+todosth.”表示“某人碰巧做某事”。Thestoryhappenedin2003.这个故事发生在2003年。重点句型解构‚Acaraccidenthappened

her

thismorning.今天上午她发生了交通事故。ƒ

Ihappened

(meet)afriend

ofmineinthestreetyesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。④

wemetona

bustothehospital.我们碰巧在去医院的公交车上见面了。［注意］that从句中的主语是人时，此种结构可以与“sb.+happen+todosth.”结构互换。例如：5IthappenedthatBrianandPeterwereathomethat