高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)易错剖析及解析

高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)易错剖析及解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Supercomputerswhichcananalysebloodsamplesandpredictwhichpatientsarelikelytobecomeseriouslyillcouldsavetensofthousandsoflivesayear,itwasrevealedlastnight,accordingtoTheDailyExpress.

Theartificialintelligence(AI)system,developedatUniversityCollegeLondonandsettobepilotedinNHShospitalslaterthisyear,willscreen"atrisk"patientssodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.ProfYoung,aconsultantsurgeonatSouthendUniversityHospital,said:"Iamsoexcitedaboutthisformoftechnology."Insteadofpeoplegettingsickordyingbecausetheyarenotpickedupintime,thiswillallowustostepinearlierwhichwillsavelivesandanenormousamountofmoney."IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."

ThetechnologyisthebrainchildofDrVishalNangalia,aconsultantattheRoyalFreeHospitalinLondon.HeusedAItoanalyseabillionstoredbloodsamplesfrom20differentUKhospitaltrustsdatingbackupto12years.Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.

Hefoundthetechniqueforecastoutcomesofpatientswithkidneyproblemswithupto95percentaccuracy.Traditionalmethodshighlightingseriouspatientconcernspickedupasfewas16percentofpatientswhowentontodie."Thisgivesustheopportunitynotonlytosavelivesbuttopreventseriousillness,makingthehealthservicenotonlysaferbutmoreefficient."ProfYoungsaid,"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"screen"inParagraph2mean?A.

comfort

B.

treat

C.

spot

D.

nurse（2）Howdosupercomputershelpsavelives?A.

Bystoringbloodsamples.

B.

Byanalyzingpatients'cases.C.

Byobservingchangesinbloodcells.

D.

Byassistingdoctorswiththeiroperations.（3）WhydidProfessorYoungmentiontheIndustrialRevolution?A.

ToshowtheinfluenceofAI.B.

Tostresstheimportanceofhealthcare.C.

Tointroducethetopicofsupercomputers.D.

Topresenttheachievementhehasaccomplished.（4）Whatdoweknowaboutthenewtechnology?A.

Ithelpspatientsrecoverearlier.B.

Ithashelpedsavethousandsoflives.C.

Itwillpromotethehealthservicegreatly.D.

Itisintendedforpatientswithkidneydiseases.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病，每年可以挽救数万人的生命。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“sodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.”以便医生能够及早采取行动，预防死亡或严重疾病，可以猜测出，人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。此处screen意为“筛查”。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.”可知，计算机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."杨教授认为，人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大，以此类比，说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."可知，这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者，而不是坐等病情恶化，从而推断，人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判，早介入，从而帮助挽救大量生命，将大大促进卫生服务。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Whydoestimeseemtoflybyfasteraswegetold?You'vegotyouragingbraintoblame.Thisislikelyduelargelytothephysicalchangesofournervesandneurons(神经元).Newresearchsuggests'rapidfire'abilitiesoftheyoungbrainallowustoprocessmoreinformationduringyouth,causingthedaystoseemlongerearlierinlife.However,aswegetold,researcherssaytheolderbraintakesmoretimetoprocessinformation.

ThenewfindingputforwardbyaDukeUniversityresearcherwaspublishedinapaperinthejournalEuropeanReviewthisweekAccordingtoAdrianBejan,theJ.AJonesProfessorofMechanicalEngineeringatDuke,thephysicalchangesofournervesandneuronsplay,amajorroleinourperception(知觉)oftimeaswegetold.Overtheyearsthesestructuresbecomemorecomplexandeventuallybegintodegrade.

"Littlebabies,forexample,movetheireyesmuchmoreoftenthanadultsbecausethey'reprocessingimagesatafasterrate,"Beiansays,Forolderpeople,thismeansfewerimagesarebeingprocessedinthesameamountoftime,causingexperiencestoseemasthoughthey'rehappeningmorequickly.（1）Whatcausestimetoflyfasteraswegetold?A.

Changesofournervesandneurons.B.

Informationinourbrain.C.

Theelectricalsignals.D.

Rapidfireabilities.（2）Whatisunavoidableintheprocessofgettingold?A.

Longerdays.

B.

Agingbrains.

C.

Moreimages.

D.

Lessexperience.（3）Whydothedaysseemlongerearlierinlife?A.

Youngpeoplearemoreenergeticintheirlife.B.

Theyoungerbraintakeslesstimetoprocessinformation.C.

Oldpeoplehavefewerthingstodothanyoungpeople.D.

Littlebabiesmovetheireyesmuchmoreoften.（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.

NervesandNeuronsB.

TimeFliesFastC.

TheOlder,theFasterD.

TheFunctionoftheBrain【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为什么老年人会觉得时间过得较快，主要原因是随着年龄的增长，大脑中神经元的变化让老年人的大脑需要更多的时间来处理接收到的信息，这样就会让他们觉得时间过得较快。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Thisislikelyduelargelytothephysicalchangesofournervesandneurons(神经元)."可知，老年人觉得时间过得过快的原因是神经和神经元的变化。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"You'vegotyouragingbraintoblame."和第二段中的"Overtheyears,thesestructuresbecomemorecomplexandeventuallybegintodegrade."可知，随着年龄的增长，不可避免的就是大脑结构的老化。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的最后两句可知，年轻时之所以觉得日子似乎更长是因为大脑能够以“快速射击”的方式处理更多信息。当我们变老的时候，大脑需要更多的时间来处理信息。所以说，相较于老年人，年轻人的大脑花费更少的时间来处理信息。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。文章首句点明了文章谈论中心：为什么随着我们变老，我们会觉得时间过得更快？后面文章主要解释了原因：老年人因为大脑退化，神经元的变化导致他们觉得时间过得较快。C项正好与主旨句呼应，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．犇犇阅读理解

"Actingistheleastmysteriousofallcrafts,"MarionBrandooncesaid.Butforscientists,workingoutwhatisgoingoninanactor'sheadhasalwaysbeensomethingofapuzzle.

Now,researchershavesaidactorsshowdifferentpatternsofbrainactivitydependingonwhethertheyareincharacterornot.

DrStevenBrown,fromMcMasterUniversityinCanada,said,"Itlookslikewhenyouareacting,youaresuppressing(压制)yourself;almostlikethecharacterispossessingyou."

Brownandcolleaguesreporthow15actors,mainlytheatrestudents,weretrainedtotakeonaShakespearerole—eitherRomeoorJuliet—inatheatreworkshop.Theyweretheninvitedintothelaboratory,wheretheirbrainswerescannedinaseriesofexperiments.

OnceinsidetheMRIscanner,theactorswereaskedtoansweranumberofquestions,suchas:wouldtheygototheparty?Andwouldtheytelltheirparentsthattheyhadfalleninlove?

Eachactorwasaskedtorespondtodifferentquestions,basedontwodifferentpremises(前提).Inone,theywereaskedfortheirownperspective,whileintheother,theywereaskedtorespondasthoughtheywereeitherRomeoorJuliet.

Theresultsrevealedthatthebrainactivitydiffereddependingonthesituationbeingtested.Theteamfoundthatwhentheactorswereincharacter,theyusesomethird-personknowledgeorinferencesabouttheircharacter.

Theteamsaidtheyalsofoundadditionalreductioninactivityintworegionsoftheprefrontalcortex(前额皮质)linkedtothesenseofself,comparedwithwhentheactorswererespondingasthemselves.

However,PhilipDavis,aprofessorattheUniversityofLiverpool,wasunimpressedbytheresearch,sayingactingisaboutfarmorethan"pretending"tobesomeone—itinvolvesembodying(体现)thetextandlanguage.（1）HowdidDrBrown'steamconducttheirresearch?A.

Byscanningthebrainactivityofsomeactors.B.

Bydoingasurveywithsometheatregoers.C.

Byinterviewingsometheatreteachers.D.

Byconsultingsomeexperiencedresearchers.（2）WhatisthefindingofDrBrown'sresearch?A.

Actingisnotasmysteriousaspeoplethink.B.

Actors'brainactivitydifferswhentheyareacting.C.

Actingisfarmorethanpretendingtobethecharacter.D.

Actors'brainactivityismoreactivewhentheyareincharacter.（3）HowdidPhilipDavisreacttotheresearch?A.

Hesupportedit.

B.

Hedoubtedit.

C.

Heexplainedit.

D.

Headvocatedit.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Adebateofhowthebrainfunctions.B.

AplaywrittenbyShakespeare.C.

Aresearchonthebrainactivityofactors.D.

Areportofthecooperationofscientistsandactors.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项对于演员大脑活动的研究。现在，研究人员表示，演员的大脑活动模式不同，取决于他们是否扮演角色。（1）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“OnceinsidetheMRIscanner,theactorswereaskedtoansweranumberofquestions,suchas:wouldtheygototheparty?”一旦进入核磁共振扫描仪，演员们被要求回答一系列问题，比如:他们会去参加派对吗?由此推断出Brown博士的团队是通过扫描一些演员的大脑活动进行他们的研究的，故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“Theresultsrevealedthatthebrainactivitydiffereddependingonthesituationbeingtested.Theteamfoundthatwhentheactorswereincharacter,theyusesomethird-personknowledgeorinferencesabouttheircharacter.”结果显示，大脑活动的不同取决于所测试的情境。研究小组发现，当演员在扮演角色时，他们会使用一些第三人称知识或对角色的推断。由此可知Brown博士的研究发现，演员在表演时大脑活动是不同的，故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“However,PhilipDavis,aprofessorattheUniversityofLiverpool,wasunimpressedbytheresearch,sayingactingisaboutfarmorethan‘pretending’

tobesomeone—itinvolvesembodying(体现)thetextandlanguage.”然而，利物浦大学教授PhilipDavis对这项研究并不以为然。他说，表演不仅仅是"假装"成某个人，它还包括文本和语言的体现。由此推断出PhilipDavis对这项研究持怀疑态度，故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。第二段中的“Now,researchershavesaidactorsshowdifferentpatternsofbrainactivitydependingonwhethertheyareincharacterornot.”现在，研究人员表示，演员的大脑活动模式不同，取决于他们是否扮演角色，是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要介绍了一项对于演员大脑活动的研究，故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．犇犇阅读理解

Youknowthosenutritionguidelinesthegovernmentissueseveryfewyears?Itturnsoutthatfollowingthemisn'tjustgoodforyourhealth.It'sgoodfortheplanet,too.

"Whatwefoundisthatimpactsvaryacrossnations,butinthehigh­impactnations,ingeneral,youcanseethat,ifyoufollowanationallyrecommendeddiet,despitethefactthatthesedietsdon'tmentionexplicitly—ormostofthemdon'texplicitlymention—environmentalimpacts,thatyouaregoingtohavelowerenvironmentalimpactsduetothat.Sothat'ssortoffairlyclearacrossallthehigh­incomenations."saidPaulBehrens,anenvironmentalscientistatLeidenUniversityintheNetherlands.

Thefoodweeattakesabigtollontheenvironment.Athirdoftheice­freelandonEarthisusedforagriculture,andaccordingtosomeestimates,producingfoodaccountsforroughlyafifthofallhuman­causedgreenhousegasemissions.Fertilizerrunoffalsoleadstootherproblems,likethealgaebloomsinLakeEerieandtheDeadZoneintheGulfofMexico.

However,followingdietaryguidelineswouldreducethoseimpacts,especiallyinwealthycountriesliketheUS."Mostofthereductionscomefrommeatanddairy,"whichhaveanoutsizedimpactonlanduseandpollution,andareamajorsourceofgreenhousegases.(That'spartlyduetocowfarts.Seriously.)Followingthesuggestionswouldalsomeaneatingfewercalories,sincemanypeoplehereeatmorethantheyneed.

Overall,inhigh­incomecountries,Behren'steamestimatesthatfollowingtherulescouldresultinasmuchasa17percentreductioninlanduse,a21percentreductioninnutrientpollution,anda25percentdropinagriculturalgreenhousegasemissions.Cuttingdownonhowmuchfoodwewaste—whichisroughlyathirdintheUS—couldhelpevenmore.TheresultsareintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.

Ofcourse,peoplearenotoriouslybadatfollowingdiets.But:"Thesenationallyrecommendedguidelinesdoactuallyhaveaknock­oneffectonotherareasofpolicymaking.SoifI'mdevelopinganewhealthy­eating­for­schoolsprogramthenthat'sgoingtobebasedoffalotofdetailthatIgetfromthenationallyrecommendedguidelines.Sowhileitmightnotnecessarilybethecasethatpeoplefollowdirectly…theyactuallyarequiteinfluentialonthepreparationofotheradvice."

Itseemsthatasmallerenvironmentalfootprintandahealthierlifestylecouldgohandinhand.（1）WhichofthefollowingstatementwillPaulBehrensapproveof?A.

Followinganationallyrecommendeddietcanhavesimilarimpactsindifferentcountries.B.

Followinganationallyrecommendeddietcandogoodtoourhealth.C.

Notallthecountrieshaverecommendeddietsinanexplicitmanner.D.

Somehigh­incomenationsdon'tmentionthedietexplicitlyforitsimpactscanbeignored.（2）Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takesabigtollon"

inparagraph3probablymean?A.

showssignsof

B.

hasabadeffecton

C.

takesfulladvantageof

D.

makesupfor（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.

Foodproductioncanleadtoabout20percentofhuman­causedgreenhousegaswithonlyathirdoftheice­freelandused.B.

Itisestimatedthatfollowingdietaryguidelinescanleadtodecreaseinmorelandusethaninnutrientpollution.C.

PaulBehrens'newprogramconcerninghealthyeatingforschoolsislikelytobebasedonnationalnutritionguidelines.D.

Somewealthycountriestendtoreducemeatanddairythoughtheotherareasofpolicymakingisn'teffectedmuch.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了营养指南对地球也有利。通过膳食指南，似乎可以减轻对环境的伤害，人类自己也可以过上健康的生活，二者可以兼得。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Whatwefoundisthatimpactsvaryacrossnations,butinthehigh­impactnations,ingeneral,youcanseethat,ifyoufollowanationallyrecommendeddiet,despitethefactthatthesedietsdon'tmentionexplicitly—ormostofthemdon'texplicitlymention—environmentalimpacts,thatyouaregoingtohavelowerenvironmentalimpactsduetothat.”我们发现（营养膳食指南的）影响因国家而异，但总的来说，在影响力较大的国家，如果你遵循国家推荐的膳食指南，即使这些膳食并未明晰对环境的影响，或者大多数膳食没有明确说明这一点，但是你对环境的影响会因为遵循指南而减轻。由此推断出"并非所有国家都以明确的方式推荐饮食"，这个观点PaulBehrens会赞成，故选C。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Athirdoftheice­freelandonEarthisusedforagriculture,andaccordingtosomeestimates,producingfoodaccountsforroughlyafifthofallhuman­causedgreenhousegasemissions.Fertilizerrunoffalsoleadstootherproblems,likethealgaebloomsinLakeEerieandtheDeadZoneintheGulfofMexico.”地球上三分之一的无冰区被用于农业生产，根据一些估算，食物生产大约占到了人类造成的温室气体排放量的五分之一。肥料径流也导致了其他问题，例如伊利湖的藻类爆发以及墨西哥湾的死亡区域。由此推断出划线词所在的句子意思是我们所吃的食物给环境带来了巨大代价。takesabigtollon固定短语，“付出了巨大的代价”，故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Athirdoftheice­freelandonEarthisusedforagriculture,andaccordingtosomeestimates,producingfoodaccountsforroughlyafifthofallhuman­causedgreenhousegasemissions.”地球上三分之一的无冰区被用于农业生产，根据一些估算，食物生产大约占到了人类造成的温室气体排放量的五分之一。由此可知。A选项的描述"粮食生产可导致约20%的人为造成的温室气体，而只使用了三分之一的无冰土地"正确，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。5．犇犇阅读理解

Environmentalexpertswarnthatourplanetisdrowninginplastic.

Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.

Now,thatmaybechanging.Anewenvironmentally-friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.Thisshoppingmodel,calledLoop,aimstoreplacethrowawaycontainerswithreusableones.

LoopistheideaofTerraCycle,anAmerican-basedrecyclingcompany.Itschief,TomSzakytoldtheAssociatedPress(AP)that"removingplasticsfromtheoceanisnotenough."Hesaidthepointistogetawayfromsingle-usepackages.SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.

Hecomparedittothe"milkmanmodel"ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero-waste.

JenniferMorganfromtheenvironmentalnon-profitorganizationGreenpeacealsojoinedinthediscussionaboutLoopatDavos.Shesaidthat"GreenpeacewelcomestheaimoftheLoopAlliancetomoveawayfromthrowawaycultureanddisposability."ButMorganquestionedwhethercompaniesworldwidearereadytochangetheirbusinessmodels.

LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternU.S.states,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheU.S.WestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2020.（1）WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?A.

Providebackgroundinformation.

B.

Advocatezero-wastelifestyle.C.

Explainthereasonfortrash.

D.

Introduceanewtopic.（2）Wheredoestheidea"Loop"comefrom?A.

TheWorldEconomicForum.

B.

Demandofsomecompanies.C.

Zero-wastemodel.

D.

Themilkmanmodel.（3）WhichcountriesisLoopexpectedtoexpandtoby2020?A.

UnitedStatesandSwitzerland.

B.

SwitzerlandandBritain.C.

CanadaandBritain.

D.

FranceandCanada.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Anewshoppingmodel.

B.

Thedevelopmentoffuturecity.C.

Theworld'senvironmentalissue.

D.

Theconcernsoffutureshopping.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍美国一家公司推出一种新的"零浪费"购物模式。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段“Theworld'scitiesproduce2billiontonsoftrasheveryyear.Bytheyear2050thatnumberisexpectedtoriseto3billiontons.TheWorldBankestimatesthatthelargestamountoftrashtoday,about44percent,isplastic.Butweoftenhavetobuypackagedgoods.Andoftenthatpackagingismadeofplastic.”可知，世界上的城市每年产生大量的垃圾，并且其中最大的垃圾量是塑料，结合下文可知，作者写本段目的是为下文提出新的购物模式提供背景信息。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“SzakysaidthatLoopisthefutureofshopping.Butitcomesfromanideaofthepast.”和第五段“Hecomparedittothe"milkmanmodel"ofthe1950sintheUnitedStates.Backthen,someonebroughtmilktoyourdoorstepinglassbottlesandthenleftwithemptybottles.Thesecouldbecleanedandusedagain.Theresultiszero-waste.”可知，Loop购物模式的想法来自于过去"送奶工模式"，是一种可以杜绝零浪费的模式。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段“LoopissettolaunchlaterthisyearinthreeeasternU.S.states,andalsoinParis,Franceandsomeofthesurroundingarea.ThenLoopplanstoexpandtotheU.S.WestCoast,Toronto,CanadaandBritainbytheendofthisyearor2020.”可知，Loop计划在2020年前将业务扩大到加拿大和法国。故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的“Anewenvironmentally-friendlyshoppingmodelwasrecentlylaunchedattheWorldEconomicForuminDavos,Switzerland.”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍美国一家公司推出一种新的"零浪费"购物模式。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

In2015,amannamedNigelRichardsmemorized386,000wordsintheentireFrenchScrabbleDictionaryinjustnineweeks.However,hedoesnotspeakFrench.Richards'impressivefeatisausefulexampletoshowhowartificialintelligenceworks—realAI.BothofRichardandAItakeinmassiveamountsofdatatoachievegoalswithunlimitedmemoryandsupermanaccuracyinacertainfield.

ThepotentialapplicationsforAIareextremelyexciting.BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata—itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.

ButnoteveryjobwillbereplacedbyAI.Infact

fourtypesofjobsarenotatriskatall.First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.Second,thecomplex,strategicjobs—executives,diplomats,economists—gowellbeyondtheAIlimitationofsingle-fieldandBigData.Thentherearetheas-yet-unknownjobsthatwillbecreatedbyAI.

Areyouworriedthatthesethreetypesofjobswon'temployasmanypeopleasAIwillreplace?Nottoworry,asthefourthtypeismuchlarger:jobswhereemotionsareneeded,suchasteachers,nanniesanddoctors.Thesejobsrequirecompassion,trustandsympathy—whichAIdoesnothave.AndevenifAItriedtofakeit,nobodywouldwantarobottellingthemtheyhavecancer,orarobottobabysittheirchildren.

SotherewillstillbejobsintheageofAI.Thekeythenmustberetrainingtheworkforcesopeoplecandothem.Thismustbetheresponsibilitynotjustofthegovernment,whichcanprovidefunds,butalsoofcorporationsandthosewhobenefitmost.（1）Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph1?A.

Tointroducethetopic.B.

TomentionNigel'sfeat.C.

Tostresstheimportanceofgoodmemory.D.

TosuggesthumansgobeyondAIinmemory.（2）Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"outperform"underlinedinparagraph2?A.

Besuperiorto

B.

Beinferiorto

C.

Besimilarto

D.

Berelatedto（3）Whichofthefollowingjobsisthemostlikelytobereplaced?A.

Thewriter.

B.

Theshopassistant.

C.

Thebabysitter.

D.

Thepsychologist.（4）WhichofthefollowingsuggestionscantheauthorgiveaboutjobreplacementofAI?A.

LimittheapplicationofAItoacertaindegree.B.

Getmoresupportfromthegovernment.C.

Applyforthedonationfromcompanies.D.

Upgradepeople'sprofessionalskillsallthetime.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人工智能有取代人类工作的潜力,但是,并非所有工作都会被人工智能取代,有四种类型的工作完全没有风险。因此,在人工智能时代人类仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知一个名叫奈杰尔·理查兹（NigelRichards）的人在短短九周内记住了《法国拼字游戏词典》中的386,000个单词。但是,他不会说法语。其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。而后文主要与人工智能有关,由此推断作者写第一段的目的是引出人工智能这个话题。故选A。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata”可知AI可以在日常任务中outperform人类（前提是该任务在一个涉及到大量数据的领域中；以及“itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.”可知从技术上讲,人工智能具有在未来大约15年里取代成千上万的白领和蓝领工作的能力。结合下文推断人工智能能够具有取代人类的工作是因为AI在日常任务中表现超过了人类,划线词的意思是"胜过,超过",故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.”可知四种类型的工作完全没有风险。首先,有创造性的工作。人工智能不可能像科学家,小说家和艺术家那样进行发明创造。也就是作家和科学家不会被取代。排除A；再根据第四段中的“asthefourthtypeismuchlarger:jobswhereemotionsareneeded,suchasteachers,nanniesanddoctors.”可知需要情感的工作,例如老师,保姆和医生也不大可能被取代,因此排除C和D。故选B。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“SotherewillstillbejobsintheageofAI.Thekeythenmustberetrainingtheworkforcesopeoplecandothem.”可知作者认为在AI时代仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。进行培训是为了得到专业技能,由此推断作者会给出一直提升人们的专业技能的建议,故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

IfAmericanwaterwayshadeverbeenvotedontheyearbook,theBuffaloRivercouldeasilyhavebeennamedUgliest.Itcouldbehardtofindhopethere.Ittookdecadesforpublicperceptionoftherivertoshift.Butactivistcitizens,whocollaboratedwithindustry,government,andenvironmentgroupsnevergaveupontheirpollutedriver—theBuffaloRivergraduallywentfrombeingconsideredalostcausetoaplaceworthfightingfor.Andbynowthecleaned—upwaterisoneofBuffalo'Sbiggestattractions.

Bythe1960s,theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.TheBuffaloRiverhadcaughtfiremanytimes.Thesurfacehadanoilylayer,andanyfishcaughttherewerenoteatable.

Thewaterway'sfatestartedshiftinginthemid-1960s.StanleySpisiakwasalocalPolish—Americanjewelerbyday,butbyeveninghewasthekindofguywho'dchasedowndumpers(垃圾车)hespottedontheBuffaloRiver.By1966hefoundhimselfwinningtheNationalWildlifeFederation's"WaterConservationistoftheYear"award.Andbeforelonghegotanickname:"Mr.BuffaloRiver."Buttherewasonlysomuchhecoulddo—theriverwasstilldeclaredbiologicallydeadin1969.

JillSpisiakJedlickaishisgreat-grandniece.Shepicksupwhereheleftoffbydirectingtheriver'sprotectororganization,BuffaloNiagaraWaterkeeper.ProfessorSchneeklothandsevenfriendsfoundedtheorganizationasanall-volunteernonprofitin1989,afterorganizingthefirstrivercleanupthatyear.Todaythegroupemploys27full-timeworkersandhashelpedoverseetheBuffaloRiver's$100millionrestoration.

Sofar,theBuffaloRiver'swaterqualityhasrestored,butitisstillanongoingissue,assewage(污水)canoverflowintotheriverafterstorms.Habitatrestorationcontinuesaswell;fishandplantingsarestillbeingsampledtomeasurehowwellit'sgone.（1）WhatdidtheBuffaloRiverusetobe?A.

Awaterwayontheyearbook.

B.

Ariverheavilypolluted.C.

AgreatattractionofBuffalo's.

D.

Aplaceworthfightingfor.（2）WhywasMr.Spisiaknamed"Mr.BuffaloRiver"?A.

Becausehisfateshiftedinthe1960s.B.

BecausehespotteddumpersontheRiver.C.

Becausehesparednoeffortstoprotecttheriver.D.

Becausetheriverwasdeclaredbiologicallydead.（3）Howlongdidittakefortherivertorestore?A.

Morethanhalfacentury.

B.

Justfourdecades.

C.

About30years.

D.

Only27years.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthistext?A.

TherestorationoftheBuffaloRiver

B.

StanleySpisiak:The"Mr.BuffaloRiver"C.

ThefutureoftheBuffaloRiver

D.

Riverprotection:Alongwaytogo【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了被污染的theBuffaloRiver的恢复。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”nevergaveupontheirpollutedriver—theBuffaloRivergraduallywentfrombeingconsideredalostcausetoaplaceworthfightingfor.“；第二段中的”Bythe1960s，theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.TheBuffaloRiverhadcaughtfiremanytimes.Thesurfacehadanoilylayer，andanyfishcaughtthe