《储能技术概论双语课程》课件-铅酸电池的原理

铅酸电池的原理PrincipleofLead-acidBatteries《储能技术概论》《EnergyStorageTechnology》主讲教师：Instructor:

常见的铅酸电池的应用CommonApplicationsofLead-acidBatteriesCONTENTS铅酸电池的发展DevelopmentofLead-acidBatteries01PART铅酸电池的组成CompositionofLead-acidBatteries铅酸电池的工作原理WorkingPrincipleofLead-acidBatteries02PART03PART目录铅酸电池的发展DevelopmentofLead-acidBatteriesPART01一、铅酸电池的发展DevelopmentofLead-acidBatteries011859年，法国物理学家GastonPlante发明了第一个铅酸蓄电池，标志着铅酸电池的诞生。In1859,FrenchphysicistGastonPlanteinventedthefirstlead-acidbattery,markingthebirthoflead-acidbatteries.021880年，铅酸电池开始大规模生产，并逐渐成为通信、电力等领域的主要电源之一。In1880,lead-acidbatteriesbegantobemass-producedandgraduallybecameoneofthemainpowersourcesinfieldssuchascommunicationandelectricity.031970年代，随着科技的发展，铅酸电池逐渐应用在汽车、电动车等领域。Inthe1970s,withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,lead-acidbatteriesweregraduallyappliedinfieldssuchasautomobilesandelectricvehicles.一、铅酸电池的发展DevelopmentofLead-acidBatteries042000年代，铅酸电池开始大规模应用在风能、太阳能等可再生能源领域，成为绿色能源储存的主要选择之一。Inthe2000s,lead-acidbatteriesbegantobewidelyusedinrenewableenergyfieldssuchaswindandsolarenergy,becomingoneofthemainchoicesforgreenenergystorage.0521世纪以来，随着环保意识的提高和政府政策的支持，铅酸电池产业得到快速发展，性能和寿命得到进一步提高。Sincethe21stcentury,withtheimprovementofenvironmentalawarenessandthesupportofgovernmentpolicies,thelead-acidbatteryindustryhasdevelopedrapidly,anditsperformanceandlifespanhavebeenfurtherimproved.铅酸电池的组成CompositionofLead-acidBatteriesPART02二、铅酸电池的组成CompositionofLead-acidBatteries（一）电极Electrodes正极板栅PositivePlateGrid:通常由铅碲合金、纯铅或其他合金制成，结构粗壮，以容纳和支撑活性物质，并传递电流。Usuallymadeoflead-telluriumalloy,purelead,orotheralloys,ithasarobuststructuretoholdandsupporttheactivematerialandconductcurrent.负极板栅NegativePlateGrid:通常由铅钙合金制成，结构较细，以容纳和支撑活性物质，并传递电流。Usuallymadeoflead-calciumalloy,ithasathinnerstructuretoholdandsupporttheactivematerialandconductcurrent.活性物质ActiveMaterial通常包括二氧化铅和铅等，是电池产生电能的关键部分。在充放电过程中，活性物质会发生化学反应，产生电能。Usuallyincludingleaddioxideandlead,etc.,itisthekeypartforthebatterytogenerateelectricalenergy.Duringthecharginganddischargingprocess,theactivematerialundergoeschemicalreactionstogenerateelectricalenergy.二、铅酸电池的组成CompositionofLead-acidBatteries（二）电解液Electrolyte铅酸电池的电解液是稀硫酸溶液。Theelectrolyteofalead-acidbatteryisadilutesulfuricacidsolution.在电池充放电过程中，由于电解和蒸发，电解液中的水会逐渐减少，导致电解液液位下降，所以需要及时补充蒸馏水以防止此现象缩短电池寿命。Duringthecharginganddischargingprocessofthebattery,duetoelectrolysisandevaporation,thewaterintheelectrolytegraduallydecreases,causingtheelectrolyteleveltodrop.Therefore,itisnecessarytoreplenishdistilledwaterinatimelymannertopreventthisfromshorteningthebatterylife.指标名称指标(%)(g/L)硫酸含量

SulfuricAcidContent

40~15480~180

1.3~1.1灼烧残渣含量IgnitionResidueContent≤0.020.24铁含量IronContent≤0.000040.00048砷含量ArsenicContent≤0.000030.00036氯含量

ChlorineContent≤0.00070.0084硝酸盐含量NitrateContent≤0.00050.0060铜含量CopperContent≤0.0020.024还原高锰酸钾物质(以O计)≤0.00080.010≤0.00320.038外

观Appearance

无色、透明铅酸电池的工作原理WorkingPrincipleofLead-acidBatteriesPART03三、铅酸电池的工作原理WorkingPrincipleofLead-acidBatteries（一）铅酸电池的工作原理WorkingPrincipleofLead-acidBatteries传统铅酸电池的电极由铅及其氧化物制成，电解液采用硫酸溶液。Theelectrodesoftraditionallead-acidbatteriesaremadeofleadanditsoxides,andtheelectrolyteisasulfuricacidsolution.电池正极反应如下Thepositiveelectrodereactionofthebatteryisasfollows:：

电池负极反应如下Thenegativeelectrodereactionofthebatteryisasfollows：

电池总反应如下Theoverallreactionofthebatteryisasfollows:：

铅酸电池结构示意图StructureSchematicDiagramofLead-acidBattery三、铅酸电池的工作原理WorkingPrincipleofLead-acidBatteries（二）铅酸电池的优缺点AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofLead-acidBatteries优点Advantages:应用广泛，技术成熟Widelyusedandtechnologicallymature；成本低廉；Lowcost;质量稳定，可靠性高Stablequalityandhighreliability；维护简单。Easytomaintain.缺点Disadvantages:使用寿命短；Disadvantages:充电时间长；Longchargingtime;铅是重金属，可能污染。Leadisaheavymetalandmaycausepollution.SUMMARY小结01铅酸电池的发展DevelopmentofLead-acidBatteries