2022年职称英语试题理工类b级试卷及答案microsoft文档

2011年职称英语试题理工类（B级）试卷及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajorimpactonourlives.A.effort

B.problem

C.influence

D.concern2.Shealwaysfindsfaultwitheverything,A

criticizes

Bsimplifies

Cevaluates

Dexamines3.Weneedtoextracttherelevantfinancialdata.Astore

Bsave

Creview

Dobtain4.Wehavetoactwithintheexistinglegalframework.Alimit

Bsystem

Cprocedure

Dstatus5.Theyconvertedthesparebedroomintoanoffice.Areduced

Bturned

Cmoved

Dreformed6.Andersonleftthetable，remarkingthathehadsomeworktodo.Adoubting

BthinkingCsaying

Dknowing7.Mr.Henleyhasacceleratedhissaleofsharesoverthepastyear.A.held

B.expect

Coffered.

Dincreased8.Hisshoeswereshinedtoperfection.A.cleared

Bpolished

Cwashed

Dmended9.Weexploredthepossibilityofexpansionattheconference.A.offered

Bincluded

Caccepted

Dinvestigated10.Atthattime,wedidnotfullygraspthesignificanceofwhathadhappened.Agive

Bunderstand

Cattach

Dlose11.Theviewfrommybedroomwindowwasabsolutelyspectacular.Ageneral

Btraditional

Cmagnificent

Dstrong12.Marshaconfessedthatsheknewnothingofcomputer.Areported

Badmitted

Choped

Danswered13.Thestudyalsonotesasteadydeclineinthenumberofcollegestudentstakingsciencecourses.Arelative

B

general

Ccontinuous

D

sharp14.Janesaidthatshecouldn’ttoleratethelonghours.Aspend

Btake

ClastDstand15.Thepolicebelievethemotiveforthemurderwasmoney.

（红色部分单词待定，不影响答案）Areason

Bchoice

Cidea

Ddecision第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7

个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没

有提及，请选择C。Lakes,Too,FeelGlobalWarmingThere’snodoubt:Inthelastfewdecades,theaveragetemperatureonEarthhasbeenhigherthanit’sbeeninhundredsofyears.Aroundtheworld,peoplearestartingtomeasuretheeffectsof

globalwarming—andtryingtofigureoutwhattodoaboutit.Scientistsrecentlyusedsatellitestostudythetemperaturesoflakesaroundtheworld,andtheyfoundthatlakesareheating

up.Between1985and2009,satellites

recordedthe

nighttimetemperaturesofthesurfacesof167lakes.Duringthose24years,thelakesgotwarmer

—

byanaverageofabout0.045degreeCelsiusperyear.Insomeplaces,lakeshavebeenwarmingbyasmuchas0.10degreeCelsiusperyear.Atthatrate,alakemaywarmbyafulldegreeCelsius,or1.8degreesFahrenheit,injust10years.Thatdifferencemayseemsmall—youmightnotevennoticeitinyourbathtub.Butinalake,slightlywarmertemperaturescouldmeanmorealgae,andalgaecanmakethelakepoisonoustofish.ThescientistswhodidthestudyworkforNASA’sJetPropulsionLaboratoryattheCalifornia

InstituteofTechnologyinPasadena.TheyreportthatlakesseemtobewarmingfasterinthenorthernpartsoftheNorthernHemisphere.IntheUnitedStates,lakesinthesouthwesternpartofthecountrywarmedfasterthandidtheGreatLakesinthenorth.Thestudyshowsthatinsomeregions,lakesarewarmingfasterthantheairaroundthem.ThisisimportantbecausescientistsoftenusemeasurementsofairtemperaturetostudyhowtheEarthiswarming.Byusinglaketemperaturesaswell,scientistscangetabetterpictureofglobalwarming.Thescientistssaydataonlakesgivescientistsanewwaytomeasuretheimpactofclimatechangearoundtheworld.That’sgoingtobeuseful,sincenocountryistoobigortoosmalltoignoreclimatechange.

Scientistsaren’ttheonlyonesconcerned.EveryonewholivesonEarthisgoingtobeaffectedbytherapidwarmingoftheplanet.Manyworldleadersbelievewemightbeabletodosomethingaboutit,especiallybyreducingtheamountofgreenhousegasesweputintotheair.That’s

why

the

United

Nations

started

the

Framework

Convention

on

Climate

Change,orUNFCCC.Everyyeartheconventionmeets,andrepresentativesfrom

countriesaroundtheworldgathertotalkaboutclimatechangeanddiscussglobalsolutionstothechallengesofawarmingworld.16.Scientisthavebeenkeepingrecordsoflaketemperaturesforover30years.A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned17.Thetemperaturesoflakesaroundtheworldhaveincreasedgreatlybetween1985and2009.A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned18.LakesseemtobewarmingfasterinAsia.A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned19.

Aslighttemperatureincreaseinalakecouldbeharmfultofish.A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned20.

Scientistsgenerallyfocusonairtemperatureswhenstudyingglobalwarming.A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned21.

Globlewarmingislessthreateningtosmallcountries.A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned22.

UNFCCC’sannualmeetingwillbeheldinMexicothisyear.A)RightB)WrongC)Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Theipad1.TheiPadisatabletcomputerdesigned,developedandmarketedbyAppleprimarilyasaplatformforaudio-visualmediaincludingbooks,periodicals,movies,music,games,andwebcontent.Atabout1.5pounds(680grams),itssizeandweightfallbetweenthoseofcontemporarysmartphonesandlaptopcomputers.ApplereleasedtheiPadinApril2010,andsold3millionofthedevicesin80days.2.TheiPadrunsthesameoperatingsystemastheiPodTouchandiPhone─andcanrunitsownapplicationsaswellasiPhoneapplications.Withoutmodification,andwiththeexceptionofwebapplications,itwillonlyrunprogramsapprovedbyAppleanddistributedviaitsonlinestore.3.LikeiPhoneandiPodTouch,theiPadiscontrolledbyamultitouchdisplay─adeparturefrommostprevioustabletcomputers,whichusedapressure-triggeredstylus─aswellasavirtualonscreenkeyboardinlieuofaphysicalkeyboard.TheiPadusesaWi-FidataconnectiontobrowsetheInternet,loadandstreammedia,andinstallsoftware.Somemodelsalsohavea3GwirelessdataconnectionwhichcanconnecttoHSPAdatanetworks.ThedeviceismanagedandsyncedbyiTunesonapersonalcomputerviaUSBcable.4.Anipadhasdifferentfeaturesandapplicationsonecanusetoexecutedifferentandinterestingthings.Thereanrlotsofipadapplicationsthattheownercanusetoenhancethewaytheycommunicate.Someofthesearehowtousesocial

networkingsitesandotheronlineoptions.Oneofthemostcommonusesisfore-mailservices.ipadapplicationslideMarkdownMailallowtheadoptionofspecifieandparticularoptions.Theyenabletheownertopersonalize

theiremailaccounts.5.Whiletheipadismostlyusedbyconsumersitalsohasbeentakenupbybusinessusers.Somecompaniesareadoptingipadsintheirbusinessofficesbydistributingormakingavailableipadstoemployees.Examplesofusesintheworkplace

includelawyers

respondingtoclients,medicalprofessionalsaccessinghealthrecordsduringpatientexams,and

managersapprovingemployeereauests.AsurveybyFrost&Sullivanshowsthatipadusageinworkplacesislinkedtothegoalsofincreasedemployeeproductivity,reducedpaperwork,andincreasedrevenue.23.paragraph224.paragraph325.paragraph426.paragraph5A.DifferencefromiPhone.B.OperatingSystem.C.OnlineStores.D.FeatureandApplication.E.BusinessUsage.F.DisplayandDataConnection.27．InApril2010theipaddevelopedbyApplewas28．TheipadwillonlyrunprogramsapprovedbyAppleifnot29．Ipadapplicationsenabletheowner’semailaccountstobe30．IpadusageinofficeenablesemployeeproductivitytobeA.increasedB.releasedC.modifiedD.distributedE.browsedF.personalizedLongerLivesforWildElephants(B级)Mostpeoplethinkofzoosassafeplacesforanimals,wherestragglessuchasdifficultyfindingfoodandavoidingpredatorsdon'texist.Withoutsuchproblems,animalsinzoosshouldlivetoaripeoldage1.Butthatmaynotbetruefor2thelargestlandanimalsonEarth.Scientistshaveknownthatelephantsinzoosoftensufferfrompoorhealth.Theydevelopdiseases.jointproblemsandbehaviorchanges.Sometimes,theyevenbecomeinfertile,orunabletohavebabies.Tolearnmoreabouthowcaptivityaffectselephants,ateamofinternationalscientistscomparedthelifespansoffemaleelephantsborninzooswithfemaleelephantslivingoutdoorsintheirnativelands.Zooskeepdetailedrecordsofalltheanimalsintheircare,documentingfactorssuchasbirthdates,illnesses,weightanddeath.Theserecordsmadeitpossiblefortheresearcherstoanalyze40yearsofdataon800AfricanandAsianelephantsinzoosacrossEurope.Thescientistscomparedthelifespansofthezoo-bornelephantswiththelifespansofthousandsoffemalewildelephantsinAfricaandAsianelephantsthatworkinloggingcamps3,overapproximatelythesametimeperiod.TheteamfoundthatfemaleAfricanelephantsborninzooslivedanaverageof16.9years.Theirwildcounterpartswhodiedofnaturalcauseslivedanaverageof56years—morethanthreetimesaslong.FemaleAsianelephantsfollowedasimilarpattern.Inzoos,theylived18.9years,whilethoseintheloggingcampslived41.7years.Scientistsdon'tyetknowwhywildelephantsseemtofaresomuchbetterthantheirzoo-raisedcounterparts.GeorgiaMason,abiologistattheUniversityofGuelphinCanadawholedthestudy,thinksstressandobesitymaybetoblame4.Zooelephantsdon'tgetthesamekindofexercisetheywouldinthewild,andmostareveryfat.Elephantsociallivesarealsomuchdifferentinzoosthaninthewild.wheretheyliveinlargeherdsandfamilygroups.AnotherfindingfromthestudyshowedthatAsianelephantsborninzoosweremorelikelytodieearlythanAsianelephantscapturedinthewildandbroughttozoos.Masonsuggestsstressinthemothersinzoosmightcausethemtohavebabiesthatarelesslikelytosurvive.Thestudyraisessomequestionsaboutacquiringmoreelephantstokeepinzoos.Whilesomethreatenedandendangeredspecieslivinginzoosreproducesuccessfullyandmaintainhealthypopulations,thatdoesn'tappeartobethecasewithelephants."Currently,zoosarenetconsumersofelephants,notnetproducers."Masonsays.1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,unlikeotherzooanimals,zooelephants根据前面2段，和其它动物不同，动物园的大象_____________A.havedifficultyeatingfood.吃东西有困难。B.livetoaripeoldage.能过活到高龄。C.arenotafraidofpredators.不害怕食肉捕食者。D.develophealthproblems.面临一些健康问题。(正确答案)2.Whichofthefollowingabouttheinternationalscientists'researchonthelifespansofelephantsisNOTtrue?(Seeparagraph3)?国际科学家对于大象的生命周期的研究，______________是不对的?A.Theycomparedzooelephantswithwildelephants.他们把动物园的大象和野生大象作比较。B.Theykeptdetailedrecordsofalltheelephantsintheircare.他们保留了饲养大象的详细记录。(正确答案)C.Theyanalyzedtherecordsoftheelephantskeptinzoos.他们分析动物园里的大象的生活记录。D.Thezoo-bornelephantstheystudiedarekeptinEuropeanzoos.他们研究的动物园出生的大象在欧洲动物园饲养。3.Whatdothescientistfindintheirresearch?科学家们在他们的研究中发现了______________。A.Femaleelephantslivelongerthanmaleelephants.雌象比雄象活得更长。B.Femalezooelephantslivelongerthantheirwildcounterparts.动物园雌象比野生的活得更长。C.Femalezooelephantsdiemuchearlierthantheirwildcounterparts.动物园雌象比起它们的野生的同伴来说要死得早。(正确答案)D.Elephantsinzoosandthoseinthewildenjoythesamelonglifespans.动物园大象和野生大象有一样的寿命。4.WhatarethepossiblecausesofstressandobesityZoo-raisedelephantsgenerallysufferfrom?动物园中饲养的大象遭受压力和肥胖的可能的原因是______________。A.Theydonotlikelivinginherds.它们不喜欢在畜群中生活。B.Theydonotgetenoughexercise.它们没有得到充分的锻炼。C.Theydonotlivewiththeirfamilies.它们没有和它们的家人一起生活。D.BothBandC.B和C都对。(正确答案)5.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?在最后一段，作者暗示了______________。A.Itmaynotbeawisepolicytokeepelephantsinthezoo.把动物养在动物园里是不明智的做法。(正确答案)B.Elephantsarenolongeranendangeredspecies.大象不再是濒临灭绝的物种。C.Zoo-bornelephantsshouldbelookedaftermorecarefully.照顾动物园里出生的大象应该更仔细。D.Zoosshouldkeepmoreanimalsexceptelephants.除了大象，动物园里应该饲养其他更多的动物。6.Doscientistsknowwhywildelephantsseemtofaresomuchbetterthantheirzoo-raisedcounterparts.?科学家是否清楚野生大象比动物园大象更好的原因?A.uncertain不确定(正确答案)B.positive明确的、肯定的C.clear清楚的D.biased片面的第5部分：补全短文（第46-50题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。FlyingintoHistoryWhenyou

turn

on

the

television

or

read

a

magazine,celebrites

（名人）are

everywhere.Althoughfameandthemediaplaysuchmajorrolesinourlivestoday,ithasnotalwaysbeenthatway.

_______(46)

Manyhistorians

agree

that

Charles

Lindberghwas

one

of

the

first

major

celebrities,orsuperstars.LindberghwasborninDetroit,Michigan,in1902,buthegrewupinLittleFalls,Minnescta.Asachild,

hewasveryinterestedinhowthingsworked,sowhenhereachedcollege,hepursuedaofflyingcapturedLindbergh’sdegreeinengineering.Attheageof20,however,theallure（诱惑）imagination.

_______(47)Soon

after,

Lindbergh

boughthisownplaneandtraveledacross

thenationperformingaerialstunts（空中特技）.In1924,Lindberghbecamemoreseriousaboutflying.HejoinedtheUnitedStatesmilitaryandgraduatedfirstinhispilotclass._______(48)Duringthesametime,awealthyhotelownernamedRaymondOrteigwasofferingagenerousawardtothefirstpilotwhocouldflynonstopfromNewYorkCitytoParis,France.TheOrteigPrize

wasworth$25,000—alargeamountevenbytoday’sstandards.Lindberghknewhehadtheskillstocompletetheflight,butnotjustanyplanewascapableofflyingthatfarforthatlong._______(49)On

may

20,

1927,

Charles

Lindbergh

took

off

from

Roosevelt

Field

in

New

York

City

andarrivedthenextdayatanairstrip（简易机场）outsideParis.Namedinhonorofthesponsor.TheSpirit

of

St.

Louis

carried

Lindbergh

across

the

Atlantic

Ocean

and

into

the

record

books.

Hebecameanationalheroandahugecelebrity.

WhenhereturnedtotheUnitedStates,Lindberghrodeinaticker-tape（热烈的）paradeheldtocelebratehisaccomplishment._______(50)AverypopulardancewasevennamedforCharlesLindbergh—theLindyHop.Today,TheSpiritofSt.LouisisptattheSmithsonian

Institute’sNationalAirandSpaceMuseuminWashington,D.C.A.HehasreceivedaMedalofM,thefUnitedStatesmilitarydecoration.B.Eightyyearsago,radioandmovieswerejustbeginningtohavethatkindofeffectonAC.WorkingwithanaviationcompanyfromSanDiego,andwithfinancialhelpfromthecityofSt.Louis,Lindberghgetacustomized

（定制的）airplanethatcouldmakethejourney.D.Lindberghusedthisadditionaltrainingtogetajobasanairmailpilot,flyingoutofSt.Louis,Missouri.E.HequitschoolandmovedtoNebraskawherehelearnedtobeapilot.F.Hischildhoodwasnotfulloffondmemories.SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinteens(B级)Whilesometeenagersmaypuffoncigarettesto“self-medicate”againsttheblues,scientistsattheUniversityofTorontoandtheUniversityofMontrealhavefoundthatsmokingmayactually__1_depressivesymptomsinsometeens.“Thisobservationalstudyisoneofthefewtoexaminetheperceived_2__benefitsofsmokingamongteens,”saysleadresearcherMichaelChaiton,aresearchassociateattheOntarioTobaccoResearchUnitoftheUniversityofToronto.“_3__cigarettesmayappeartohaveself-medicatingeffectsorto_4___mood,inthelongtermwefoundthatteenswhostartedtosmokereportedhigherdepressivesymptoms.”Aspartofthestudy,some662highschoolteenagerscompletedupto20questionnairesabouttheiruseofcigarettesto_5___mood.SecondaryschoolswereselectedtoprovideamixofFrenchandEnglishparticipants,urbanandruralschools,andschools_6__inhigh,moderateandlowsocioeconomicneighborhoods.Participantswere_7___threegroups:neversmokers;smokerswhodidnotusecigarettestoself-medicate,improvemoodorphysical_8__;smokerswhousedcigarettestoself-medicate.Depressivesymptomsweremeasuredusingascalethataskedhowoftenparticipantsfelttootiredtodothings;had_9__goingtosleeporstayingasleep;feltunhappy,sad,ordepressed;felt_10___aboutthefuture;feltvexed,antsyortense;andworriedtoomuchaboutthings.“Smokerswho_11___cigarettesasmoodimprovershadhigherrisksofelevateddepressivesymptomsthanteenswhohadneversmoked,”saysco-researcherJenniferO’Loughlin,aprofessorattheUniversityofMontrealDepartmentofSocialandPreventiveMedicine.“Ourstudyfoundthatteensmokerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingareathigherriskof_12__depressivesymptoms.”The_13__betweendepressionandsmokingexitsprincipallyamongteensthatusecigarettesto_14___.“It’s_15__toemphasizethatdepressivesymptomscoreswerehigheramongteenagerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingaftertheybegantosmoke,”saysDr.Chaiton.1.AexamineBincreaseCdecreaseDdiagnose2.AsocialBfinancialCemotionalDpolitical3.AWhateverBAlthoughCWheneverDS\What4.AimproveBincreaseCdecreaseDhelp5.AaffectingBcauseCeffectDaffect6.AexposedBexpandedClocatedDdetected7.AdividedintoBdividingintoCdividedDdividedto8.AworldBactivityCstateDbeauty9.AtimeBcourageCenergyDtrouble10.AhopelessBhopeChopefulDhopes11.AuseBusedCtookDtake12.AchangingBidentifyingCdevelopingDovercoming13.AdifferenceBassociationCcooperationDagreement14.AfeelstrongerBfeelhealthierCfeelwellDfeelbetter15.AillogicalBunscientificCmeaninglessDimportant第1部分：词汇选择（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）1.答案：C.influence---impact2.答案：A.criticizes---findsfaultwith3.答案：D.obtain--extract4.答案：B.system---framework5.答案：B.turned---converted6.答案：C.saying---remarking7.答案：D.increased---accelerated8.答案：B.polished----shined9.答案：D.investigated-----explored10.答案：B.understand---grasp11.答案：C.magnificent----spectacular.12.答案：B.admitted--confessed13.答案：C.continuous–steady14.答案：D.stand---tolerate15.答案：A.reason

---motive第2部分阅读判断Lakes,Too,FeelGlobalWarming16.B17.B18.C19.A20.A21.B22.C第3部分概括大意完成句子Theipad23.paragraph2

B.OperatingSystem.24.paragraph3

F.DisplayandDataConnection.25.paragraph4

D.FeatureandApplication26.paragraph5

E.BusinessUsage27．InApril2010theipaddevelopedbyApplewas

B.released28．TheipadwillonlyrunprogramsapprovedbyAppleifnotC.modified29．Ipadapplicationsenabletheowner’semailaccountstobeF.personalized30．IpadusageinofficeenablesemployeeproductivitytobeA.increased第4部分阅读理解第一篇LongerLivesforWildElephants（B级新增文章）31.developpoorhealth.

32.Theykeptdetailedrecordsofalltheelephantsintheircare.

33.diedmuchearlier.34.theydonotliveinfamilygroups.

35.itmaynotbewisetokeepelephantsinzoos.

第二篇Cellphones:hanguporkeeptalking（综合A也考到这篇文章）41.PeoplebuycellphonesforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthatA)they’repopular.B)they’recheap.C)they’reuseful.D)they’reconvenient.题目问人们购买手机不是为了以下哪个原因。从第一段“popular”，“morethanameansofcommunication”可看出ACD选项，故答案选B。42.Theword“detected”inparagraph3couldbebestreplacedbyA)cured.B)removed.C)discovered.D)caused.题目问第三段“detected”可以被（）代替。原文“Signsofchangeinthetissuesofthebrainandheadcanbedetectedwithmodernscanning(扫描)equipment.”大脑和头部组织的变化迹象可以用现代扫描