高考英语一轮复习 板块1 教材复习 Bo 3 Unit 4　Astronomy：the science of the stars

Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsBOOK3

Unit4内容索引·Part1清单式背诵——主干知识一遍过清单一

词表词汇速记清单二

教材词句盘点·Part2学案式检测——背诵效果速评估·Part3层级式精练——单元要点全练通层级一

重难点练透层级二

基础点练全层级三

主题写作升华1.intime

及时；终于；迟早•intimefor...刚好赶上intimetodosth及时做某事•innotime立刻；马上atnotime决不(位于句首时，句子须用部分倒装)atanytime随时，在任何时候atatime每次；一次atonetime曾经；一度atthesametime同时fromtimetotime有时；偶尔eg.Asaproverbgoes，“Wherethere’sawill，there’saway.”Oureffortswillpayoffintime.(演讲稿)

正如一句谚语所说，“有志者，事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。2.unlike

prep.与……不同；不像

adj.不同的；相异的；非……的特征It’sunlikesbtodosth做……不像某人平常的样子eg.(北京卷书面表达)Unlikemosttrees,thisonebendsinthemiddle,strugglingallthewayuptogetmoresunshine.与大多数树木不同的是，这棵树在中间弯曲，一路挣扎以获得更多的阳光。3.harmful

adj.有害的•beharmfulto...对……有害•harmvt.&n.伤害，损害causeharmto对……造成伤害dosbharm＝doharmtosb伤害某人；对某人有害thereisnoharmindoingsth做某事没有坏处/也无妨•harmlessadj.无害的beharmlessto对……无害eg.(安徽卷书面表达)Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon,whichisharmfultolifeandtheenvironment.如今，违反交通规则和乱丢垃圾的现象屡见不鲜，对生命和环境造成了严重危害。【联想】常见的由后缀－ful构成的形容词：①useful有用的

②helpful有帮助的

③powerful强大的

④careful小心的

⑤faithful忠实的4.exist

vi.存在；生存•existon靠……为生existin存在于……中Thereexists/existed...某地(曾)有……；存在……•existencen.存在；生存comeintoexistence产生；成立；开始存在inexistence现存的；现有的outofexistence不存在；灭绝•existingadj.(仅用于名词前)现存的eg.(2019·天津卷书面表达)I’mextremelydyingforabriefintroductionofdancinginwesterncountries,likehowitcameintoexistenceandhowitdeveloped.我非常想(听你)简单地介绍一下西方国家的舞蹈，比如它是如何产生和发展的。【点拨】exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。5.inone’sturn

轮到某人；接着inturn依次；轮流；反之；相应地byturns轮流；交替地taketurnstodosth轮流做某事Itisone’sturntodosth轮到某人做某事【点拨】byturns是“轮流；交替地”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如果表示“按顺序”则应该用inturn。6.prevent...from

阻止；制止•preventsb/sth(from)doingsth阻止/制止某人/某物做某事stopsb(from)doingsth阻止某人做某事keepsbfrom(doing)sth阻止某人做某事protectsbfrom/against...保护某人免遭……•preventionn.阻止；防止eg.(浙江6月卷)FrightenedasIwas,Itriedtokeepmybalancetopreventmyselffromfallingoff.虽然我很害怕，但我努力保持平衡，防止自己摔倒。【点拨】短语prevent/stop...fromdoing中的from可以省略，keep...fromdoingsth中的from不能省略。但在被动结构中，from均不可省略。7.puzzle

n.谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜；智力游戏vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)窘困；感到迷惑•puzzleabout/over冥思苦想；绞尽脑汁•apuzzletosb一件让某人感到困惑的事情inapuzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好•puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的puzzledadj.迷惑不解的bepuzzledabout对……迷惑不解eg.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Whatpuzzlesmemostabouttheplayishowweshoulduseproperstagelanguagesfordifferentroles.(求助信)

这出戏最让我困惑的是我们应该如何为不同的角色使用适当的舞台语言。【联想】过去分词形式的形容词，如puzzled，confused，frightened，excited，surprised等，用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look，voice，smile，expression，face等。8.crash

vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落

n.(汽车的)撞车事故；(飞机的)失事；撞击声crashinto/onto...撞到……上/里withacrash轰隆一声eg.(2022·厦门模拟)Assoonaswesatdown,weheardacrashwiththeboyfallingontothefloorwithalltheplateshewascarrying.我们一坐下，就听到一声巨响，男孩带着所有的盘子摔在地上。9.pull

vt.拉(draw，drag)；拖

n.拉(力)；拖；牵引力pullin到站；(火车)进站pullout拔掉；离开；(火车)离站pullover靠边停车pullup停车；停止pulldown拉下；拆毁；摧毁；推翻pullthrough使从(受伤)中活下来；渡过难关；康复pulloff脱下；赢得；努力实现eg.(北京卷书面表达)Iamsureyouwillovercomethelanguagebarrierandpullthroughthedifficulties.我相信你会克服语言障碍，渡过难关。10.cheerup

感到高兴；感到振奋；(使)高兴；(使)振奋•cheersbup使某人振作起来cheersbon(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油cheerfor为……欢呼；给……加油Cheers！(用于祝酒)干杯！•cheerfuladj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的eg.(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Thetwinscheeredupanddidastold.这对双胞胎高兴起来，照办了。11.breakout(战争、灾难、瘟疫、打斗等不愉快事件)突发；爆发breakawayfrom脱离(组织、政党等)；突然挣脱(束缚)breakdown出故障；坏掉；失败；(健康等)垮掉breakin插话；破门而入breakinto破门而入breakup打碎；结束；分手；分裂；分解；放假eg.(2022·漳州模拟)In2020,whenthepandemicbrokeout,herfather’ssmallbusinesswasforcedtoclosetemporarily.2020年，当疫情爆发后，她父亲的小企业被迫暂时关闭。【点拨】breakout是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。12.watchoutfor

密切注意；当心；提防watchover照看；看守keepawatch(on/over)注视，监视……【联想】表示“注意；当心”的短语还有：lookout(for)，takecare，becareful1.awidelyacceptedtheory人们普遍接受的理论2.acloudofdust一团尘埃3.asolidglobe固态的球体4.maketheearth’satmosphere形成地球的大气层5.befundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife对于生命的发展起关键作用6.thecontinuedpresenceofwater长期存在着水7.produceachainreaction产生一个连锁反应8.produceyounggenerallybylayingeggs一般通过孵蛋而繁衍后代9.remainamystery仍然是一个谜10.givebirthtoyoungbabyanimals分娩小动物11.makeatripintospace去太空旅行12.blockoutthesunlight挡住太阳的光线13.escapethepulloftheearth’sgravity摆脱地球的引力14.farfromtheearth远离地球15.floatweightlesslyaround由于失重飘来飘去16.getthehangofwalkingonthemoon掌握在月球走路的诀窍1.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.(so...that...)

地球(开始)变得如此激烈动荡，以至于它的形状是否会继续存在下去还不清楚。2.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(whether引导主语从句)

所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。3.Whenwegetclosertothemoon，weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus，butitwillnotbeasstrongapullastheearth’s.(as...as...)

当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。1.Thisproducedachainreaction，whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.

这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。句型公式|makeit＋adj./n.＋(forsb/sth)todo在该结构中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式结构，it后面的形容词或名词为宾语补足语，for用于引出不定式的逻辑主语。(1)makeit＋adj./n.＋(forsb/sth)todomake＋it＋adj./n.＋that从句make＋it＋nogood/nouse/novalue...＋doingsth(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等。①WatchingA

Bite

of

ChinawillmakeiteasierforyoutounderstandwhyheisdeterminedtomakehislivingbyrunningaChinesefoodrestaurantinNewYork.观看《舌尖上的中国》会让你更容易理解为什么他决定在纽约开一家中餐馆来谋生。②Inmyopinion,itisbettertomakeitarulethatweorganizesomeafter－classactivitiesregularlywiththehelpofourteachers.在我看来，最好规定我们在老师的帮助下定期组织一些课外活动。③Iconsideritnousequarrellingwithhimaboutit.

我认为和他争吵这件事是没有用的。2.ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.

但当我试图往前迈步的时候，我发觉步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。句型公式|倍数表达法(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as＋B(2)A＋be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length...)＋of＋B(4)A＋be＋倍数＋what从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”。红色的尺子是黄色尺子的三倍长。→Theredruleristhreetimesaslongastheyellowone.→Theredruleristwicelongerthantheyellowone.→Theredruleristhreetimesthelengthoftheyellowone.→Theredruleristhreetimeswhattheyellowoneis.【点拨】在表示“两倍”时要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上要用“基数词＋times”。倍数有时也可以用分数、百分数或half等来替换。(限时20分钟)课内基础达标——英汉互译1.____________n.大气层；气氛2.____________n.万有引力；重力3.____________n.气候4.____________vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落5.____________n.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力atmospheregravityclimatecrashⅠ.单词过关检测pull6.____________vi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物7.____________n.系统；体系；制度8.____________n.学说；理论9.____________n.出席；到场；存在10.____________n.链子；连锁；锁链11.astronomyn. ________________12.fundamentaladj. ________________floatsystemtheorypresencechain天文学基本的；基础的13.vapourn. _____________________14.multiplyvi.&vt. _____________________15.mammaln. _____________________16.weightlesslyadv. _____________________17.extinctadj. _____________________18.lessenvi.&vt. _____________________蒸气；水蒸气乘；增加哺乳动物失重地灭绝的；绝种的减少；减轻1.astronomyn.天文学→____________n.天文学家2.puzzlevt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难

n.谜；难题→____________adj.迷惑不解的→____________adj.令人迷惑的3.globen.球体；地球仪；地球→____________adj.全球性的；全世界的→____________adv.全球地；世界上→____________n.全球化4.violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→____________n.暴力→____________adv.暴力地；猛烈地astronomerpuzzled课外拓展延伸——词形变换puzzlingglobalgloballyglobalizationviolenceviolently5.likevt.喜欢

prep.像→____________adj.可能的→____________prep.和……不同；不像

adj.不同的；相异的；非……的特征→____________vt.&n.不喜欢；讨厌6.presentadj.目前的

n.现在；礼物

vt.颁发；呈现；展示；出席→____________n.出席；到场；存在→____________n.显示；演示；授予；颁发7.harmn.&vt.伤害→____________adj.有害的→____________adj.无害的8.reactv.反应→____________n.反应；回应9.existvi.存在；生存→____________n.存在；生存→____________adj.现存的likelyunlikedislikepresencepresentationharmfulharmlessreactionexistenceexisting10.biologyn.生物学→____________n.生物学家→____________adj.生物的；生物学的11.gentleadj.温和的；文雅的→____________adv.轻轻地；温和地→____________n.绅士12.physicsn.物理→____________n.物理学家13.extinctadj.灭绝的；绝种的→____________n.灭绝；消亡14.weighvt.权衡；称……重量→____________n.重量；重心；重物→____________adj.无重量的；失重的→____________adv.失重地15.exhaustvt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽→____________adj.精疲力尽的；用完的；耗尽的→____________adj.使人精疲力尽的biologistbiologicalgentlygentlemanphysicistextinctionweightweightlessweightlesslyexhaustedexhaustingⅡ.短语词块过关检测1.________________阻止；制止2.________________轮到某人3.________________密切注意；当心；提防4.________________及时；终于5.________________感到高兴；感到振奋6.________________突发；爆发7.________________既然prevent...frominone’sturnwatchoutforintimecheerupbreakout课内基础达标——英汉互译nowthat8.layeggs ______________________9.dependon ______________________10.blockoutthesunlight ______________________11.givebirthto ______________________12.acloudofdust ______________________13.maketheearth’satmosphere ______________________14.remainamystery ______________________15.getthehangofwalkingonthemoon______________________下蛋依靠挡住太阳的光线产生；分娩一团尘埃形成地球的大气层仍然是一个谜掌握在月球走路的诀窍1.________________________同时2.________________________对……造成伤害3.________________________轮流做某事4.________________________(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油5.________________________出故障；坏掉；失败；(健康等)垮掉6.inexistence ________________________atthesametimedo/causeharmtotaketurnstodosthcheersbonbreakdown课外拓展延伸——英汉互译现存的；现有的7.inapuzzle _________________________8.withacrash _________________________9.pullout _________________________10.keepawatch(on/over) _________________________感到困惑；不知如何是好轰隆一声拔掉；离开；(火车)离站注视，监视……Ⅲ.句式过关检测1.地球(开始)变得如此激烈动荡，以至于它的形状是否会继续存在下去还不清楚。(so...that...) _______________________________ itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.2.当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。(as...as) Whenwegetclosertothemoon，weshallfeelitsgravitypullingus，butitwillnotbe______________________________.课内基础达标——补全句子Theearthbecamesoviolentthatasstrongapullastheearth’s3.这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。(makeit＋adj.＋forsthtodo) Thisproducedachainreaction，which_______________________________.4.但当我试图往前迈步的时候，我发觉步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。(倍数表达法) ButwhenItriedtostepforward，IfoundI___________________________ ______________andfellover.madeitpossibleforlifetodevelopwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearth课外拓展延伸——补全句子1.在我看来，最好规定我们在老师的帮助下定期组织一些课外活动。(makeit＋n.＋that从句) Inmyopinion,itisbetterto_________________________________________ ________________________________________withthehelpofourteachers.2.红色的尺子是黄色尺子的三倍长。(倍数＋as＋adj.＋as) Theredruler________________________ theyellowone.makeitarulethatweorganizesomeafter－classactivitiesregularlyisthreetimesaslongas3.正如一句谚语所说，“有志者，事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。(intime) Asaproverbgoes，“Wherethere’sawill，there’saway.”______________________________.4.如今，违反交通规则和乱丢垃圾的现象屡见不鲜，对生命和环境造成了严重危害。(harmful) Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon,which____________________________________.

Oureffortswillpayoffintimeisharmfultolifeandtheenvironment5.这出戏最让我困惑的是我们应该如何为不同的角色使用适当的舞台语言。(puzzle) ___________________________________ishowweshoulduseproperstagelanguagesfordifferentroles.Whatpuzzlesmemostabouttheplay1.harmful用法一遍过——练用法/写美句①Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer，whichdoesgreatharm____________theirhealth.②However，notallpeopleknowthatnoiseisalsoakindofpollutionandis____________(harm)tohumans’health.③Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer，_______________________________.(用分词短语作状语改写①)toharmfuldoinggreatharmtotheirhealth2.puzzle用法巧练通——猜词义/练用法/写美句①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh－techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild，butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath－relatedskills.________________②(2022·石家庄模拟)Everybodywas____________(puzzle)andaskedwhyJennyagainwasspeechless.③令我不解的是，他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。________________________________________withouttellinganyone.n.智力游戏puzzledWhatpuzzlesmeiswhyheleftthecountry3.pull短语个个清——练用法/写美句①(天津卷)Itwasonlywhenthecarpulled____________infrontofourhousethatwesawLilyinthepassengerseat.②Itbrokehishearttoseetheoldhousehadbeenpulled____________.③Thefathersawthetrainhissonwasonpull____________，withhiseyesfulloftears.④(北京卷书面表达)我相信你会克服语言障碍，渡过难关。Iamsureyouwillovercomethelanguagebarrierand__________________________.updownoutpullthroughthedifficulties4.time短语一网收——练用法/写美句①Theboyhasgreatpotentialinsports.Trainedproperly，he’llmakeafirst－classathlete____________time.②(2020·浙江7月卷)Oncethehelicopterlanded，wegotontoit____________notime，excitedandrelieved.③(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)____________thesametime，theirmotherwentouttobuythepaperbagsthattheyneeded.ininAt④Youshould____________notimeloseheartwheneveryouareintrouble.⑤______________________________wheneveryouareintrouble.(用倒装句改写④)atAtnotimeshouldyouloseheart5.make相关句型面面观——练用法/写美句①Imustmakeitclear____________I’llalwayssupportyou.②Hemakesitarule____________(get)upatsixeveryday.③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我的英语口语流利，并且深刻了解中国绘画，这使我有可能成为一名合格的志愿者。MyfluentoralEnglishandgoodcommandofChinesepaintings______________________________________________.thattogetmadeitpossibleformetobeaqualifiedvolunteer6.“倍数”

句型荟萃——练用法/写美句①(浙江卷)Whenyou’resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergy____________yourheart.②Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimes____________(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.③Thenumberofstudentsnowinthisschoolisfourtimes____________itwastenyearsago.asfasterwhat④(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我们将投入三倍于以往的时间和精力，所以我相信我们这次会成功的。Wewilldevote______________________________________wedidbefore，soIbelievewewillmakeitthistime.threetimesasmuchtimeandenergyas1.(2021·浙江6月卷)Thatmovieledhimintothesecondhalfofhiscareerwherehiscomedic____________(present)alonecouldmakeamovieafinancialsuccessevenwhenmoviereviewerswouldnotrateithighly.2.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Thepopularityoftheseplatformsisspreading____________(globe).3.(2020·浙江7月卷)Inthepast，therewasoftenanautomatic____________(react)toincreasedtraffic.presencegloballyreaction4.(2019·江苏卷)AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwitha____________(violent)farbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.5.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Asthesmallboatmoved____________(gentle)alongtheriver，hewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.6.(2019·江苏卷)Soscientistsaretryingtheirbesttosavethespeciesfromgoingoutof____________(exist).violencegentlyexistence7.Theoldscientisttoldhisstudentsthatscientific____________(theory)mustbebasedonfacts.8.Weshouldrespectpeopleofallfaithsandstandfor____________(religion)freedom.theoriesreligious1.Theconversationwascarriedon____________aharmoniousandfriendlyatmosphere.2.Watchout____________achancetogetyoupromotedinthecompanyoryouwillregret.3.Mysistergavebirth____________ahealthybabylastnight，whichmadeallmyfamilyveryhappy.4.Mrs.Brownpulleddownthecurtainsofherbedroomtoblock____________thestrongsunlight.infortoout5.(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Now______________youarefondoftabletennis,I’dliketoinviteyoutojointheschoolteam.6.Itissochallengingajob____________Ican’tfinishitonmyown.7.Idohopeshecancheer____________andacceptthechallengeoflifebravely!8.Whenitwas____________myturn，Iwastooexcitedtospeak.thatthatupin熟词生义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性和词义1.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse，”says