专题02 语法填空 （知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）（原卷版及全解全析）

/专题02语法填空目录TOC\o"1-2"\h\u明晰学考要求 1基础知识梳理 1考点精讲讲练 2考点一：动词形式填空 2考点二：词性转换填空 2考点三：从句连接词填空 2考点四：冠词介词填空 2实战能力训练 41.掌握基础语法规则2.理解句子结构和语境3.准确判断所需词性和形式4.规范书写答案（一）考查内容全面性学考语法填空题考查的内容相当全面，涵盖了英语语法学习的多个重要方面。时态语态：考查学生对各种时态和语态的掌握情况，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等，以及主动语态和被动语态的正确运用。例如："Lastyear,anewbridge______(build)overtheriver."这里考查一般过去时的被动语态，正确答案是"wasbuilt"，学生需要根据时间状语"lastyear"判断时态，根据主语和动词的关系判断语态。非谓语动词：考查动词不定式、动名词和分词的正确使用。例如："______(see)fromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful."这里考查现在分词作状语，正确答案是"Seen"，表示被动关系。词性转换：考查根据句子成分需要进行的词性转换能力。例如："The______(important)oflearningEnglishisobvious."这里考查形容词转换为名词，正确答案是"importance"。从句连接：考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等的连接词使用。例如："Thisistheschool______Istudiedfiveyearsago."这里考查定语从句关系词，正确答案是"where"。冠词介词：考查冠词a,an,the的正确使用以及常用介词的搭配。例如："Hegoesto______schoolbybuseveryday."这里考查零冠词的用法，正确答案是不填冠词。（一）动词形式填空考查形式及示例：学考会考查动词在不同时态、语态和非谓语形式下的正确变形。例如："Sofar,we______(learn)over2,000Englishwords."这里考查现在完成时，正确答案是"havelearned"，学生需要根据时间状语"sofar"判断使用现在完成时。解题技巧：首先分析句子结构，判断空白处需要谓语动词还是非谓语动词。如果是谓语动词，就要根据时间状语、主语单复数等确定时态和语态。如果是非谓语动词，就要分析其在句中的成分，确定使用不定式、动名词还是分词形式。答题注意事项：注意主谓一致，特别是第三人称单数形式。注意不规则动词的变化形式，如go-went-gone,write-wrote-written等。注意被动语态的构成形式be+过去分词。（二）词性转换填空考查形式及示例：学考会考查根据句子成分需要进行词性转换的能力。例如："Thechildrenareplaying______(happy)inthegarden."这里考查形容词转换为副词，正确答案是"happily"，因为需要副词修饰动词。解题技巧：分析空白处在句中的成分，确定所需词性。如果修饰名词，通常需要形容词；如果修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，通常需要副词。注意一些常见的词缀，如-tion,-ment,-ness构成名词，-ful,-able构成形容词，-ly构成副词等。答题注意事项：注意拼写变化，如happy→happily,true→truly等特殊变化。注意一些容易混淆的词性，如hard既是形容词又是副词，而hardly却是"几乎不"的意思。（三）从句连接词填空考查形式及示例：学考会考查各类从句连接词的正确使用。例如："Iwillwaithere______youcomeback."这里考查时间状语从句连接词，正确答案是"until"。解题技巧：分析从句类型，如果是定语从句，要看先行词在从句中充当什么成分；如果是状语从句，要根据逻辑关系选择连接词；如果是名词性从句，要注意连接词在从句中是否充当成分。答题注意事项：注意that在定语从句和名词性从句中的不同用法。注意what不能引导定语从句。注意状语从句中连接词的词义区别，如because,since,as都表示原因，但语气不同。（四）冠词介词填空考查形式及示例：学考会考查冠词和介词的基本用法和固定搭配。例如："Heisgood______playingbasketball."这里考查介词固定搭配，正确答案是"at"。解题技巧：对于冠词，要区分特指和泛指，注意单数可数名词前必须加冠词。对于介词，要掌握常见介词的基本含义，更要记忆固定搭配。答题注意事项：注意零冠词的使用情况，如三餐、球类运动、学科名称前通常不用冠词。注意一些容易混淆的介词，如in,on,at表示时间的区别。例题精练，举一反三1.Sofar,we______(learn)over3,000Englishwords.2.Thebook______(write)byafamousauthorlastyearisverypopular.3.IfI______(be)you,Iwouldacceptthatjoboffer.4.Hemadeasuggestionthatwe______(hold)ameetingtodiscusstheproblem.5.Bythetimewearrived,thefilm______already______(begin).6.Itisimportantforus______(protect)theenvironment.7.Themoreyoupractice,the______(good)yourEnglishwillbe.8.I'llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogetherinthecountryside.9.Notonly______helikeEnglish,buthealsospeaksitverywell.10.Theteachertoldusthatlight______(travel)fasterthansound.11.______(see)fromthetopofthemountain,thecitylookslikeagarden.12.ThisisthemostinterestingnovelthatI______ever______(read).13.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepassoonashe______(lie)down.14.I'mlookingforwardto______(receive)yourletter.15.Itwasinthispark______wefirstmeteachother.16.Theproblemrequires______(deal)withimmediately.17.Hardly______hearrivedhomewhenitbegantorain.18.Thechildrenareplaying______(happy)inthegarden.19.Itisnouse______(cry)overspiltmilk.20.Shesuggestedthatwe______(start)earlythenextday.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。1Thefirststepofice1(fish)isgettingthenet,whichisusuallyovertwokilometerslong,readytoputundertheice.Thentheworkerswillputthenetdownata2(choose)spot,andtakeitupinthedistanceofthevastlake.3thisisactuallyachievedisaninterestingprocess.First,aseriesofholesaredrilledintotheiceaboutameterandahalfthick.Theydrillaholeevery50metersorsoandthey’llkeepdoingthatuntilthey’vedrilledtheholestheentirewayaroundacirclewithadiameter(直径)oftwokilometers.Meanwhile,anotherteamgetstowork,4(extend)themainholeusinga(n)5(convention)icepick.Eventually,alongpieceofbamboowill6(employ)tothreadtheropeofthenetintothenextholetheyhavedrilled50metersaway.Andtheseguyswillcontinuelikethataroundtheentireoutsideofthecircleuntiltherope7(reach)theothersideofthecircletwokilometersaway.Atthesametime,backatthemainhole,thenetisbeingloweredslowly8surely,meterbymeteruntilit’s9(complete)submergedundertheice.Inthedistance,thediggershavereachedtheothersideofthecircleandarenowworkingondiggingtheholethatthenetwilleventuallycomeout10.2Asthecountdowntothe2022BeijingWinterOlympicscontinues,thenewhigh-speedrailwayline11（connect）thecapitalwithOlympichostcityZhangjiakouhasjustenteredservice.Itcutsthetraveltime12thetwofromthreehoursto47minutes.Butthisisn’tjustanotherbullettrain.Thisbeauty,partofChina’sFuxingseries,canrunupto350kilometersperhourwithoutadriver,13（say）tobetheworld’sfirstsmarthigh-speedrailway.Sowhatmakesthem“smart”?Well,thecarriages14（equip）with5Gsignals,intelligentlightingandsensorstocollectreal-timedataanddetectanyoperationalabnormalities.Meanwhile,eachindividualseathas15（it）owntouch-screencontrolpanelandwirelesschargingdocks.Thoughthehigh-speedtrainsontherouteareautonomous,16monitoringdriverwillbeonboardatalltimes.Thetrainscan17（automatic）start,stopandadjusttothedifferentspeed18（limit）betweenstations.Backatthestation,robotsandfacialrecognitiontechnologiescanhelppassengerswithdirections,luggageandpaperlesscheck-ins.Today,Chinaishometotheworld’slargesthigh-speedrailnetwork,andthe19（fast）commerciallyoperatingtrain—theShanghaimaglev.AccordingtotheChinaStateRailwayGroup,1,036Fuxingbullettrainshavebeenputintooperationsince2017,20theserieswerefirstlaunched.3Therearemomentsinlife21youmisssomepeoplesomuchthatyoujustwanttopickthemfromyourdreamsandhugthemforreal!Whenonedoorofhappinesscloses,22opens,butoftenwelooksolongatthecloseddoorthatwedon'tseetheonewhich23(open)forus.Don'tgoforlooks;theycandeceive(欺骗).Don'tgoforwealth;eventhatfadesaway.Goforsomeone24makesyousmilebecauseittakesonlyasmiletomakeadarkdayseembright.Dreamwhatyouwant25(dream);gowhereyouwanttogo;bewhatyouwanttobe.The26(happy)peopledon't27(necessary)havethebestofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthat28(come)alongtheirway.Thebrightestfuturewillalwaysbebasedona29(forget)past.Whenyouwereborn,youwerecryingandeveryone30youwassmiling.Liveyourlifesothatwhenyoudie,you'retheonewhoissmilingandeveryonearoundyouiscrying.4AgirlwhohasagiftfordrawingIwenttoanexhibitionlastmonth,31Iadmiredalotofwonderfulpaintings.Mary,32drawingswereshownattheexhibition,isamodelstudent33isoftenpraisedforhergoodworkatschool.Assoonaswegotintotheexhibitionhall34thepaintingswereonshow,oureyeswerecaughtbyaverylargepicture35washungonthewallinfrontofus.Thehorse36wasdrawninthepicturewasexactlylikearealhorse.Theman37wasridingonitlookedlikealivingman.Itwasthebestpicture38Ihadeverseen,andIshouldsayMaryisthebestyoungpainter39Ihaveeverheardof.However,youwillbequitemistakenifyouthinkthatMarywasbornagoodpainter.OneofherteacherstoldmethatithadtakenMarythousandsofhourstolearnandpractisedrawingbeforeshebecamethebestyoungpainter40haseverbeenheardofinherhometown.Butifyousaythatshehaslearnedtobesogoodatdrawingonlybyworkinghardatit,Iwillcertainlyagreewithyou.5Differentcountrieshavewildlydifferentformsofgreeting.IntheUSA,whenyoupassbysomeoneyouknow,anodisacceptable,andyouusuallyshakehandswithsomeoneyoufirstmeet.ButinLatincountries,afirmhandshake41(consider)rude.Inmyhomecountry,Mauritius,whenpeoplemeet,theyusuallykisseachother42thecheeks.ThisisalsocommoninFrance,43theactiscalledfairelabise.However,thisisnot44universalrule.DuringmyfirstweekintheUSA,IkissedeverysinglegirlImet.Myfriendshadtotellmethatthatwasinappropriate,45(leave)meingreatembarrassment.Whatiscommonhere,however,isforfriends46(hug)eachother–somethingIwasnotusedto.Hugsalwaysmakeme47(frighten)becauseIdon’treallylikethat.Thismayseemstrangesinceevenkissing48(stranger)isnormalinmycountry.NowthatIthinkaboutit,Ihatecheek-kissingaswell.Wouldn’titbe49(enjoy)tohaveagreetingcodethatis50(wide)acceptable?I’mnotsayingweshouldstartdoingthat,butwecansurelydosomethingtoavoidmisunderstanding.6Redenvelopeshaveplayed51importantpartinChineseNewYearforaslongasanyonecanremember.Sowhat’sthestorybehindtheredenvelopesduringChineseNewYear?Onepopularstory52(date)backtotheQinDynasty,whentheelderlywouldthreadcoinsontoaredstring.Thismoney53(call)yasuiqianinChinese,meaning“moneyprotectingoneselffromevilspirits”,andwasbelievedtoprotectelderpeoplefromsicknessand54(die).Astheprintingpressbecamemorecommon,theyasuiqianwasreplaced55redenvelopes.Anotherlegendtellsofavillage56ademon(恶魔)wouldterrorizechildrenatnight.Itwasbelievedthatthedemonwouldtouchthechildren’sheadswhiletheywereasleep,57(cause)seriousillness.Fromthere,atheoryemergedthatwhentheyprayed,thegodwouldsendeightfairiestoprotectthechild.Thefairieswoulddisguise(伪装)58(they)aseightcoinsandhideunderthechild’spillow.Whenthedemongotclose,thecoinswouldbegintoshinevery59(bright),blindingthedemon.Wordbegantospreadandthevillagersstartedgivingredenvelopes60(fill)withcoinstoeachothertoputundertheirpillowsatnight.Astimepassed,redenvelopesbecameawaytobringgoodluckandprosperitytothereceiver.7Awomaninbluejeansstoodatthewindowof61expensiveshop.Thoughshehesitatedforamoment,shefinallywentinandaskedtoseeadress62wasinthewindow.Theassistantwhoservedherdidnotlikethewayshewasdressed.63(look)atherscornfully,hetoldherthatthedress64(sell).Thewomanwalked65oftheshopangrilyanddecidedtopunishtheassistantnextday.Shereturnedtotheshopthefollowingmorningdressedinafurcoat,66ahandbaginonehandandalongumbrellaintheother.67seekingouttherudeassistantsheaskedforthesamedress.Notrealizingwhoshewas,theassistantwaseagertoserveherthistime.Withgreat68(difficult),heclimbedintotheshopwindowtogetthedress.Assoonasshesawit,thewomansaidshe69(not)likeit.Sheenjoyed70（she）makingtheassistantbringalmosteverythinginthewindowbeforefinallybuyingthedressshehadfirstaskedfor.8Fido,alittledog,wasveryanxioustogetthefavoronhismaster.Hetookcare,however,

neithertobetroublesome,71wouldhefollowhimintothelivingroomunlesshewasasked.Healsotriedtomake72(he)usefultohiskindmaster.Hewoulddriveawaystrangepigsandotheranimals73cameintotheyard．Oncewhenhismasterwassick,Fido74(lie)attheroomdooranddidnotleave,eventogethisfood．Whenhismasterwaswellenough,Fido75(admit)intotheroom,andshowedsomanysignsofjoythathismasterwasmorefond76himthanever．Fidoevenhadachanceof77(save)hismaster'slife．HismasterwassleepinginasummerhousewithFidoathisside．Suddenly78dogsawthewallshake,anddirtfallfromtheceiling．Fidoknewthattherewasdanger,andbeganbarking79(awake)hismaster．Asthisdidnotsucceed,hejumpedup,and80(gentle)bithisfinger．Hismasterhadjusttimetogetoutofthedoorwhenthewholebuildingfell．Fidowashurtbysomeoftherubbish．Andhismasterhadhimkindlytakencareoftillhegotwell．9Languageissometimeswrittenasacodesothatpeoplecancommunicatesecrets.During81SecondWorldWar,theGermanNavy（海军）usedacodetosendmessages.TheBritishbrokethecodeand82（learn）aboutmanyGermanplans.TheJapanesealsousedacodetotalkto83（they）shipsatsea.ItwascalledthePurpleCode.AlthoughtheAmericanssoonbrokethiscode,theJapanesedidn’tknowit84（break）.In1942,theAmericansbegantousetheirowncodetosend85（secret）.AfewNavajo（纳瓦在人）Indiansmadethiscode86（base）ontheirlanguage,whichonlysomeAmericanIndiansspoke.ThecodedescribedafewthingstheAmericanarmydid.Onlytheycouldunderstandthiscode,sotheywentwiththearmyasitfoughtagainsttheJapanese.TheseNavajosoldierspromised87（keep）thiscodeasecret,eventhoughthiscouldcausetheir88（die）.TheJapaneseneverbrokethecodebecausetheyknewnothing89theNavajolanguage.Andthecode,90connectedtwolanguages,helpedwinthewarinthePacific.10APu,acartoonimageofayoungmalepandawholovesplayingtabletennis,91(become)theofficialglobalrepresentativeofChina’sgiantpandassincethecompetition’sorganizersannouncedlastWednesday.APuwearsaredT-shirt92whichanimageofhisfavoritefood—bambooshoot—canbeseen.TheeyesofAPuareheartshaped,suggestingemotionsofloveandcaring.TheimageofAPu93(select)frommorethan2.023worksfrom22countries,wontheChinaGiantPandaGlobalImageDesignCompetition.TheimageofAPuwillbe94(wide)promotedastheofficialimageofChina’sgiantpandasandwillbeabridge95(connect)Chinawiththerestoftheworld,theorganizerssaid.“APu96(give)theidentityofayoungmalepandawhowillsoonbe97freshmanincollegeandlovesplayingtabletennis.”accordingtotheleaddesigneroftheteamcreatingAPu.TheimagerepresentsthenewgenerationofChinese98(youth)whoaremoreconnectedtotheinternationalcommunity,99alsoshowstheircharacteristics—energetic,positive,100(confidence),andwillingtoshare.

专题02语法填空目录TOC\o"1-2"\h\u明晰学考要求 1基础知识梳理 1考点精讲讲练 2考点一：动词形式填空 2考点二：词性转换填空 2考点三：从句连接词填空 2考点四：冠词介词填空 2实战能力训练 61.掌握基础语法规则2.理解句子结构和语境3.准确判断所需词性和形式4.规范书写答案（一）考查内容全面性学考语法填空题考查的内容相当全面，涵盖了英语语法学习的多个重要方面。时态语态：考查学生对各种时态和语态的掌握情况，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等，以及主动语态和被动语态的正确运用。例如："Lastyear,anewbridge______(build)overtheriver."这里考查一般过去时的被动语态，正确答案是"wasbuilt"，学生需要根据时间状语"lastyear"判断时态，根据主语和动词的关系判断语态。非谓语动词：考查动词不定式、动名词和分词的正确使用。例如："______(see)fromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful."这里考查现在分词作状语，正确答案是"Seen"，表示被动关系。词性转换：考查根据句子成分需要进行的词性转换能力。例如："The______(important)oflearningEnglishisobvious."这里考查形容词转换为名词，正确答案是"importance"。从句连接：考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等的连接词使用。例如："Thisistheschool______Istudiedfiveyearsago."这里考查定语从句关系词，正确答案是"where"。冠词介词：考查冠词a,an,the的正确使用以及常用介词的搭配。例如："Hegoesto______schoolbybuseveryday."这里考查零冠词的用法，正确答案是不填冠词。（一）动词形式填空考查形式及示例：学考会考查动词在不同时态、语态和非谓语形式下的正确变形。例如："Sofar,we______(learn)over2,000Englishwords."这里考查现在完成时，正确答案是"havelearned"，学生需要根据时间状语"sofar"判断使用现在完成时。解题技巧：首先分析句子结构，判断空白处需要谓语动词还是非谓语动词。如果是谓语动词，就要根据时间状语、主语单复数等确定时态和语态。如果是非谓语动词，就要分析其在句中的成分，确定使用不定式、动名词还是分词形式。答题注意事项：注意主谓一致，特别是第三人称单数形式。注意不规则动词的变化形式，如go-went-gone,write-wrote-written等。注意被动语态的构成形式be+过去分词。（二）词性转换填空考查形式及示例：学考会考查根据句子成分需要进行词性转换的能力。例如："Thechildrenareplaying______(happy)inthegarden."这里考查形容词转换为副词，正确答案是"happily"，因为需要副词修饰动词。解题技巧：分析空白处在句中的成分，确定所需词性。如果修饰名词，通常需要形容词；如果修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，通常需要副词。注意一些常见的词缀，如-tion,-ment,-ness构成名词，-ful,-able构成形容词，-ly构成副词等。答题注意事项：注意拼写变化，如happy→happily,true→truly等特殊变化。注意一些容易混淆的词性，如hard既是形容词又是副词，而hardly却是"几乎不"的意思。（三）从句连接词填空考查形式及示例：学考会考查各类从句连接词的正确使用。例如："Iwillwaithere______youcomeback."这里考查时间状语从句连接词，正确答案是"until"。解题技巧：分析从句类型，如果是定语从句，要看先行词在从句中充当什么成分；如果是状语从句，要根据逻辑关系选择连接词；如果是名词性从句，要注意连接词在从句中是否充当成分。答题注意事项：注意that在定语从句和名词性从句中的不同用法。注意what不能引导定语从句。注意状语从句中连接词的词义区别，如because,since,as都表示原因，但语气不同。（四）冠词介词填空考查形式及示例：学考会考查冠词和介词的基本用法和固定搭配。例如："Heisgood______playingbasketball."这里考查介词固定搭配，正确答案是"at"。解题技巧：对于冠词，要区分特指和泛指，注意单数可数名词前必须加冠词。对于介词，要掌握常见介词的基本含义，更要记忆固定搭配。答题注意事项：注意零冠词的使用情况，如三餐、球类运动、学科名称前通常不用冠词。注意一些容易混淆的介词，如in,on,at表示时间的区别。例题精练，举一反三1.Sofar,we______(learn)over3,000Englishwords.【答案】havelearned【解析】本题考查现在完成时。句意：到目前为止，我们已经学习了超过3000个英语单词。时间状语"sofar"表示"到目前为止"，常与现在完成时连用，主语是we，故填havelearned。2.Thebook______(write)byafamousauthorlastyearisverypopular.【答案】written【解析】本题考查过去分词作定语。句意：去年由一位著名作家写的那本书非常受欢迎。book与write之间是被动关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词written作后置定语。3.IfI______(be)you,Iwouldacceptthatjoboffer.【答案】were【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是你，我会接受那份工作。在if引导的虚拟条件句中，表示与现在事实相反时，be动词用were。4.Hemadeasuggestionthatwe______(hold)ameetingtodiscusstheproblem.【答案】(should)hold【解析】本题考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法。句意：他建议我们开个会来讨论这个问题。suggestion后面的同位语从句中，谓语要用"(should)+动词原形"的虚拟语气形式。5.Bythetimewearrived,thefilm______already______(begin).【答案】had,begun【解析】本题考查过去完成时。句意：我们到达时，电影已经开始了。"bythetime+过去时间"引导的时间状语从句，主句要用过去完成时。6.Itisimportantforus______(protect)theenvironment.【答案】toprotect【解析】本题考查动词不定式。句意：保护环境对我们来说很重要。在"Itis+形容词+forsb.+todosth."句型中，用动词不定式作真正的主语。7.Themoreyoupractice,the______(good)yourEnglishwillbe.【答案】better【解析】本题考查比较级句型。句意：你练习得越多，你的英语就会越好。"the+比较级，the+比较级"表示"越...越..."，good的比较级是better。8.I'llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogetherinthecountryside.【答案】that/which【解析】本题考查定语从句关系代词。句意：我永远不会忘记我们在乡下一起度过的那些日子。先行词thedays在定语从句中作spent的宾语，故用that或which。9.Notonly______helikeEnglish,buthealsospeaksitverywell.【答案】does【解析】本题考查倒装句。句意：他不仅喜欢英语，而且说得很好。notonly位于句首时，其后的句子要用部分倒装。10.Theteachertoldusthatlight______(travel)fasterthansound.【答案】travels【解析】本题考查客观真理的时态。句意：老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。虽然主句是过去时，但宾语从句表达的是客观真理，故用一般现在时。11.______(see)fromthetopofthemountain,thecitylookslikeagarden.【答案】Seen【解析】本题考查过去分词作状语。句意：从山顶上看，这个城市像一个花园。city与see之间是被动关系，故用过去分词seen。12.ThisisthemostinterestingnovelthatI______ever______(read).【答案】have,read【解析】本题考查现在完成时。句意：这是我看过的最有趣的小说。在最高级修饰的名词后的定语从句中，常用现在完成时。13.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepassoonashe______(lie)down.【答案】lay【解析】本题考查一般过去时。句意：他太累了，一躺下就睡着了。主句是一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态，lie的过去式是lay。14.I'mlookingforwardto______(receive)yourletter.【答案】receiving【解析】本题考查动名词。句意：我期待着收到你的来信。lookforwardto中的to是介词，后面要接动名词。15.Itwasinthispark______wefirstmeteachother.【答案】that【解析】本题考查强调句型。句意：就是在这个公园里我们第一次见面。强调句型"Itis/was+被强调部分+that+其他"，这里强调地点状语inthispark。16.Theproblemrequires______(deal)withimmediately.【答案】dealing【解析】本题考查动名词。句意：这个问题需要立即处理。requiredoingsth.相当于requiretobedone，用主动形式表示被动含义。17.Hardly______hearrivedhomewhenitbegantorain.【答案】had【解析】本题考查倒装句。句意：他刚到家就开始下雨了。hardly...when...结构中，hardly位于句首时，其后的句子要用部分倒装，且主句用过去完成时。18.Thechildrenareplaying______(happy)inthegarden.【答案】happily【解析】本题考查副词。句意：孩子们在花园里快乐地玩耍。修饰动词play要用副词形式，happy的副词是happily。19.Itisnouse______(cry)overspiltmilk.【答案】crying【解析】本题考查动名词。句意：为洒了的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。Itisnousedoingsth.是固定句型，表示"做某事没有用"。20.Shesuggestedthatwe______(start)earlythenextday.【答案】(should)start【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。句意：她建议我们第二天早点出发。suggest表示"建议"时，后面的宾语从句要用"(should)+动词原形"的虚拟语气形式。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。1Thefirststepofice1(fish)isgettingthenet,whichisusuallyovertwokilometerslong,readytoputundertheice.Thentheworkerswillputthenetdownata2(choose)spot,andtakeitupinthedistanceofthevastlake.3thisisactuallyachievedisaninterestingprocess.First,aseriesofholesaredrilledintotheiceaboutameterandahalfthick.Theydrillaholeevery50metersorsoandthey’llkeepdoingthatuntilthey’vedrilledtheholestheentirewayaroundacirclewithadiameter(直径)oftwokilometers.Meanwhile,anotherteamgetstowork,4(extend)themainholeusinga(n)5(convention)icepick.Eventually,alongpieceofbamboowill6(employ)tothreadtheropeofthenetintothenextholetheyhavedrilled50metersaway.Andtheseguyswillcontinuelikethataroundtheentireoutsideofthecircleuntiltherope7(reach)theothersideofthecircletwokilometersaway.Atthesametime,backatthemainhole,thenetisbeingloweredslowly8surely,meterbymeteruntilit’s9(complete)submergedundertheice.Inthedistance,thediggershavereachedtheothersideofthecircleandarenowworkingondiggingtheholethatthenetwilleventuallycomeout10.【答案】1．fishing2．chosen3．How4．extending5．conventional6．beemployed7．reaches/hasreached8．but9．completely10．of【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了冰下捕鱼的具体操作步骤。1．考查名词。句意：冰下捕鱼的第一步是准备好放到冰下的渔网，这张网通常超过两千米长。设空处作介词of的宾语，其前有ice修饰，应用名词fishing，意为“捕鱼”，是不可数名词。icefishing表示“冰下捕鱼”，为固定短语。故填fishing。2．考查非谓语动词。句意：然后渔工们要在选定的地方撒网，并在广阔的湖泊远处把它收上来。分析句子结构可知，设空处作定语，修饰名词spot，choose和spot之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式。此处为过去分词化的形容词，意为“被选出来的”。故填chosen。3．考查主语从句。句意：实际上如何实现这一点是一个有趣的过程。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，并在从句中作方式状语，表示“如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词，句首单词的首字母应大写。故填How。4．考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，另一支队伍开始工作，用传统的碎冰锥扩大主洞。句中已有谓语动词gets，其与设空处之间无连词连接，设空处应用非谓语动词，extend和anotherteam之间构成逻辑.上的主动关系，应用extend的现在分词形式作状语。故填extending。5．考查形容词。句意见上一题解析。设空处作定语，修饰名词短语icepick，应用形容词，结合句意可知，此处意为“传统的”。故填conventional。6．考查语态。句意：最后他们会用一根长长的竹竿将网绳穿进50米外他们钻的下一个洞孔里。设空处和will构成主句的谓语，employ和主句主语alongpieceofbamboo之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且空前有will，动词be应用原形。故填beemployed。7．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：这些人会沿着圆圈的整个外围一直这样做，直到绳子到达两千米外圆圈的另一边。设空处作until引导的时间状语从句的谓语，此处可理解为描述经常发生的动作，时态用一般现在时，或理解为从句的行为完成后，主句的行为才结束，时态用现在完成时；从句主语therope为单数，从句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填reaches/hasreached。8．考查固定搭配。句意：与此同时，在主洞那边网正在缓慢而稳定地下降，一米一米地下降，直到完全淹没在冰下。slowlybutsurely为固定短语，意为“缓慢而稳步地”。故填but。9．考查副词。句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰动词submerged，应用副词completely，意为“完全地”，作状语。故填completely。10．考查介词。句意：在远处，挖掘者已经到达了圆圈的另一边，现在正在努力挖洞，最终网将从这个洞里出来。that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词hole，此处表示“网将从这个洞里出来”，应用固定短语comeoutof，意为“从……中出来”，关系词that作介词of的宾语。故填of。2Asthecountdowntothe2022BeijingWinterOlympicscontinues,thenewhigh-speedrailwayline11（connect）thecapitalwithOlympichostcityZhangjiakouhasjustenteredservice.Itcutsthetraveltime12thetwofromthreehoursto47minutes.Butthisisn’tjustanotherbullettrain.Thisbeauty,partofChina’sFuxingseries,canrunupto350kilometersperhourwithoutadriver,13（say）tobetheworld’sfirstsmarthigh-speedrailway.Sowhatmakesthem“smart”?Well,thecarriages14（equip）with5Gsignals,intelligentlightingandsensorstocollectreal-timedataanddetectanyoperationalabnormalities.Meanwhile,eachindividualseathas15（it）owntouch-screencontrolpanelandwirelesschargingdocks.Thoughthehigh-speedtrainsontherouteareautonomous,16monitoringdriverwillbeonboardatalltimes.Thetrainscan17（automatic）start,stopandadjusttothedifferentspeed18（limit）betweenstations.Backatthestation,robotsandfacialrecognitiontechnologiescanhelppassengerswithdirections,luggageandpaperlesscheck-ins.Today,Chinaishometotheworld’slargesthigh-speedrailnetwork,andthe19（fast）commerciallyoperatingtrain—theShanghaimaglev.AccordingtotheChinaStateRailwayGroup,1,036Fuxingbullettrainshavebeenputintooperationsince2017,20theserieswerefirstlaunched.【答案】11．connecting12．between13．said14．areequipped15．its16．a17．automatically18．limits19．fastest20．when【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着2022年北京奥运会倒计时的继续，连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的新高速铁路刚刚投入使用。文章介绍了高铁的情况。11．考查现在分词。句意：随着2022年北京冬奥会倒计时的继续，连接首都和奥运会主办城市张家口的新高速铁路刚刚投入使用。connect和它所修饰的词line之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填connecting。12．考查介词。句意：它将两辆车之间的旅行时间从3小时缩短到47分钟。根据句意则指，空格处填介词，指“两个城市之间”；between意为“两者之间”，故填between。13．考查过去分词。句意：这条美丽的高速铁路是中国复兴系列的一部分，在没有司机的情况下时速可达350公里，据说是世界上第一条智能高铁。分析句子可知，say和句子主语Thisbeauty,partofChina'sFuxingseries之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填said。14．考查时态语态。句意：车厢配备了5G信号、智能照明和传感器，以收集实时数据，并检测任何运行异常。根据固定搭配beequippedwith意为“配备着”，可知用被动语态，描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语为复数名词。故填areequipped。15．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：同时，每个座位都有自己的触摸屏控制面板和无线充电座。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词。故填its。16．考查冠词。句意：虽然这条线路上的高速列车是自动驾驶的，但司机会一直在车上监控。分析句子可知，主句中dirver是可数名词且为单数形式，空格处需填冠词，此处是泛指，故填a。17．考查副词。句意：列车可自动启动、停车和调整，以适应车站之间不同的速度限制。修饰动词，所以用副词。空后是动词start，故填automatically。18．考查名词的数。句意：列车可自动启动、停车和调整，以适应车站之间不同的速度限制。作介词的宾语，所以用名词；空格处前有different修饰，需用名词复数。故填limits。19．考查形容词最高级。句意：如今，中国拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网络和最快的商业运营列车——上海磁悬浮列车。和前面的largest一样，表示“最快的”，所以用形容词最高级作定语。故填fastest。20．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：据中国国家铁路集团称，自2017年复兴号动车组首次推出以来，已有1036列复兴号动车组投入运行。分析可知，空白处及之后内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为时间名词2017，在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。3Therearemomentsinlife21youmisssomepeoplesomuchthatyoujustwanttopickthemfromyourdreamsandhugthemforreal!Whenonedoorofhappinesscloses,22opens,butoftenwelooksolongatthecloseddoorthatwedon'tseetheonewhich23(open)forus.Don'tgoforlooks;theycandeceive(欺骗).Don'tgoforwealth;eventhatfadesaway.Goforsomeone24makesyousmilebecauseittakesonlyasmiletomakeadarkdayseembright.Dreamwhatyouwant25(dream);gowhereyouwanttogo;bewhatyouwanttobe.The26(happy)peopledon't27(necessary)havethebestofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthat28(come)alongtheirway.Thebrightestfuturewillalwaysbebasedona29(forget)past.Whenyouwereborn,youwerecryingandeveryone30youwassmiling.Liveyourlifesothatwhenyoudie,you'retheonewhoissmilingandeveryonearoundyouiscrying.【答案】21．when22．another23．hasbeenopened24．who25．todream26．happiest27．necessarily28．comes29．forgotten30．around【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在生活中的一些体会：快乐的人不一定拥有最好的东西，他们只是珍惜人生中的一切，善于抓住生活中美好的一面，时刻对未来充满期许。21．考查定语从句。句意：生命中很多时候你会特别想念一些人以至于你想把他们从梦中拉出来，紧紧地拥抱他们。在先行词为时间名词moments，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。22．考查形容词。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。another意为“另一，又一”，符合语境，故填another。23．考查时态和语态。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。根据语境，从句中的谓语应为现在完成时的被动语态，故填hasbeenopened。24．考查定语从句的先行词。