专题03 冠词代词和介词（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义江苏专用）（原卷版及全解全析）

/专题03冠词,代词和介词目录目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练考点一不定冠词的用法a＋辅音音素；an＋元音音素Inauniversity，aEuropeanandaone-eyedmanwalkedalongaone-wayroadwithausefultool.Thisisausualthing.在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事。表示“一个”，与数词one相同Romewasnotbuiltinaday.罗马非一日建成。Abirdinhandisworthtwointhebush.双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。表示某个不确定的人和物，相当于acertain、some，常意为“某一个，一个叫……的人”Inasense,bothwereright.在某种意义上，两者都对。AMr.Whiteisaskingforyouonthephone.一个叫怀特的人打电话找你。表示“相同”，相当于thesameTheyarenearlyofaheight.他们几乎一样高。Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.物以类聚。表示“每一”，相当于per,用于表示时间、重量、长度等单位前800dollarsaton,threetimesaday,fouryuanadozen,90milesanhour,twiceaweek,60poundsakilometer用于固定词组中awasteof浪费……；allofasudden突然地；asarule通常。IthitmeallofasuddenthatIhadforgottenherbirthday.我突然想起，我把她的生日给忘了。a＋most表示“很，非常”Wespentamostagreeabledaytogether.我们一起度过了非常愉快的一天。“a(n)＋名词”作表语，表职业Greyisasurgeon.格雷是一名外科医生。Shebecamea(＝turned)violinistaftershegrewup.长大后，她成了一名小提琴家。用于某些物质名词前，表示“一种/一份/一阵/一场/一番”等意思Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetoughdays.在那些艰苦的日子里，能够买得起一杯饮料是一种安慰。用于首次提到的单数可数名词前Thereisabookonthedesk.桌子上有一本书。I'mgoingtobuyacomputer.我要买一台电脑。用于quite、rather、many、half、what、such之后Heisquiteaseriousperson.他是个相当严肃的人。Manyamothertriestoactouttheirunrealizeddreamsthroughtheirdaughters.许多母亲试图通过女儿实现她们未能实现的梦想。Shelivesjusthalfamileaway.她就住在半英里之外。Whatashametheycan'tcome.他们不能来了，真是遗憾。Itissuchanamazinglegend！多令人惊讶的传奇！用于“so/as/too/how/however＋形容词”之后Heissocapablealeaderthatweallsupporthim.他是一位很有能力的领导，我们都支持他。Howlovingandgraciousamothersheis!她是个多和蔼可亲的妈妈！Howeverhotadayitis,hewon'ttakeoffhishat.不管天气多热，他都不摘下帽子。用于抽象名词前，表示具体的人和物asuccess成功的人或事；ashame带来耻辱的人或事；apity可惜或遗憾的事；amust必需、必备的事；agoodeducation良好的教育；agreathelp巨大的帮助；anhonour一种荣幸；apleasure一种乐趣用在可数名词前泛指一类人或物Ahorseisausefulanimal.马是一种有用的动物。Anyone,whetherheisanofficialorabusdriver,shouldbeequallyrespected.任何人，无论是官员还是公交车司机，都应该得到同等的尊重。具有动作意义的名词在与have，take，make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，前面要加不定冠词。takealook看一看；haveatry试一试。Youhadbettergotothefactoryandhavealook.你最好到厂里去看一看。考点二定冠词的用法用于表示整个属类的单数可数名词前，表示一类事物Thewhaleisamammal.鲸鱼是一种哺乳动物。Theheartpumpsbloodaroundthebody.心脏把血液输送到全身。用于世上独一无二的事物名词前Doyouknowwhoinventedthetelephone?你知道是谁发明了电话吗？表示说话双方都了解的、上文提到过的人和事，或者是在表示特定的人和事物前Don'tworryifyoucan'tcometotheparty.I'llsavesomecakeforyou.你要是来不了派对，也别担心。我会给你留些蛋糕的。Lilyhasapetdog.Thedogislovely.莉莉有只宠物狗。这条狗很可爱。用于表示西洋乐器、文娱场所前playthepiano(theguitar,theviolin,theflute,thedrum)gotothetheater(theconcert,thecinema,theparty)★用汉语拼音表示的乐器前不用冠词：playerhu,playpipa用于形容词和分词前表示一类人theyoung,theliving,theevil,thewounded,thelost用在复数的姓氏前表示一家人或夫妇二人TheWhitessettleddowninCanadalastyear.去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。用于序数词、形容词和副词最高级前，在形容词和副词特定的比较级前He'dalwaysbethefirsttooffertohelp.他总是第一个主动提出帮忙。It'sthemostmarvellouspieceofmusic.这是最美妙的一篇乐章。★Doyouknowwhichstoryisthemoreinterestingofthetwo？你知道这两个故事哪个更有趣吗？用于国家、党派、机构、公共建筑物、报纸、杂志、朝代、江河湖海、山川群岛的名词前theUnitedKingdom,theCommunistPartyofChina,theUnitedNations,theWTO,theSummerPalace,TheNewYorkTimes,theTangDynasty,theYangtzeRiver,theRedSea,theTaiwanStraits,theSaharaDesert用于表示发明物的单数名词前ThecompasswasinventedbytheChinese2，000yearsago.指南针是两千年以前中国人发明的。在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代inthe1870s19世纪70年代用于表示计量的名词前bytheyard(thepound,thekilo,theton)★byvolume(按体积),byweight(按重量)用于表示方位、方向的名词前intheeast(thewest,thenorth,thesouth)keeptotheright,turntotheleft,inthemiddle用于抓、打人体某个部位的名词前，常见的此类动词有take、catch、hold、seize、pull、hit、pat、lead、strike等等。常用的介词有in、on、by等等take(catch,seize)sb.bythearm(thehair,thehand)pat(hit,strike)sb.intheface(theeye,thestomach)leadsb.bythenose用于某些固定的短语中attheageof,atthefootof,bytheendof,intheday,tellthetruth,atthebeginningof,atthetopof,bytheway,atthesametime,intheend,onthecontrary,tothepoint,theotherday,ontheradio考点三零冠词的用法不可数名词、复数名词表泛指Teachersarebadlyneededintheremotedistricts.偏远地区非常需要教师。称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。Dr.PeterSpence，headmasteroftheschool，toldus，＂AfifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.＂这所学校的校长PeterSpence博士告诉我们，这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。月、季、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前Ayearcanbedividedintofourseasons—spring，summer，autumnandwinter.一年可以分为四季——春、夏、秋、冬。no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词。Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunchintheworld.天下没有免费的午餐。【易混提示】1.在turn(变成)作表语的名词前不用冠词，但become后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词。Hebecameadoctorwhilehisbrotherturnedteacher.他成了一名医生而他弟弟当了教师。2.不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意：a.位于下列形容词之后：such，what，many，half，Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.Manyamanisfitforthejob.b.当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,however,enough修饰时，不定冠词应放在形容词之后：ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.Soshortatime.Toolongadistance.c.quite，rather与单数名词连用，冠词放在其后。但当rather，quite前仍有形容词，不定冠词放其前后均可。如：quitealotd.在as，though引导的让步状语从句中，当标语为形容词修饰的名词时，不定冠词放形容词后：Braveamanthoughheis，hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。当名词被比较级形容词修饰时，不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。3.定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all，both，double，half，twice，threetimes等词之后，名词之前。Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.班里的所有学生都出去了。考点四代词的分类人称代词主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you(你们),they宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you(你们),them物主代词形容词性物主代词my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their名词性物主代词mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever关系代词/连接代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as不定代词one,some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/alittle,other/another,all/both,neither/either相互代词eachother,oneanother考点五几组不定代词的用法区别some和anysome可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议、请求等Wouldyoulikesomemorecoffee？some和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示“某个”，any表示“任何一个”Go,andsaysomepersonfromNewYorkdesirestoseeher.Anycolourwilldo.some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句Heofferedsomeusefuladvice.Doyouhaveanysuggestions?I'mnotmakinganypromises.each和everyeach强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上；而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上Each(ofus)hasourowncar.＝Weeachhaveourowncar.Everystudentiscapableofpassingtheexam./Everyoneofusiscapableofpassingtheexam.none和nonone作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数形式；代替可数名词，谓语单复数形式皆可；no等于notany，作定语—Howmuchbreadisthereinthekitchen?—None.Noneofthepassengerswas/wereinjured.Shehasnomoneycominginandnofunds.other、theother和anotherother泛指“另外的，别的”，常与其他词连用，如：everyotherweek、theotherday、nootherway;theother特指两者中的另外一个，复数为theothersHehasdoctor'sappointmentjustaboutevery__otherweek.Hecrashedintoacarcomingthe__otherway.Heraisedonearmandthenthe__other.Canyoustaybehindafterthe__othershavegoneandhelpmeclearup？another指“又一个，另一个”，无特定所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”Hegavethebellanotherpress.Anumberoffeaturesdiscriminatethisspeciesfromothers(＝otherspecies).either和neithereither指“两者(中任何一方)都”；neither指“两者(中任何一方)都不”Youcanparkoneithersideoftheroad.Neitherofushaseverskied.考点六one,theone,that,it代词用法所替代的名词的单复数one替代上文出现的“同类”人或事物的一个，表示泛指必须是可数名词单数表示复数时用onestheone替代上文出现的“同类”人或事物的一个，表示特指必须是可数名词单数表示复数用theonesthat替代上文出现的“同类”人或事物的一个，表示特指，其后常跟介词短语作后置定语可数名词单数/不可数名词表示复数时用thoseit替代上文出现的“同一”事物可数名词单数/不可数名词表示复数用they考点七it的常考用法形式常用句型it作形式主语①It+be+adj.+(forsb./ofsb.)todosth.②It+be+n.+(forsb./sth.)todosth.③Ittakes/tooksb.+一段时间+todosth.做某事花费某人多长时间。④Itisuseless/nouse/nogooddoingsth.做某事没用。⑤Itisapity/shamethat...真可惜……⑥Itisnowonderthat...难怪……⑦Itisobvious/clear/evidentthat...显然……⑧Itissaid/reported/believedthat...据说/据报道/人们相信……it作形式主语相关短语和句型①Makeit成功,做到②Takeiteasy.别紧张。③Don’tmentionit.不客气。④assb.putsit正如某人所说⑤believeitornot信不信由你⑥takeitforgrantedthat...认为……是理所当然的⑦Whenitcomesto...当涉及/谈及……(to为介词)⑧Itis/was...that/who...强调句型考点八介词表示方位的介词across指从较为平坦的表面穿过。through指从立体的事物中间穿过。to指到某处,去某处。under在……下面,无接触面。in在……里面。into到……里面。over在……正上方无接触面；on在……上面有接触面。around在/向……周围。beneath在……下面有接触面。beside在……旁边。outof在……外面。from从……。beyond在/向……较远的一边,超出。表示时间的介词on指在具体的某一天。in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前,或者指上/下午或晚上。at用在几点钟或night/noon之前。in也可用在表示一段时间的词之前,表示“多久之后”。before在……之前。until直到……时候。during在……期间。for表示延续一段时间。over表示“在……期间”,表延续。表示工具、手段、方式的介词by,on,over,with,in表示原因的介词for表示原因,后面可以加名词(词组)或句子。at/over用在表示情绪的形容词之后,后面加名词(词组)。with用在表示情绪的名词之前。becauseof/owingto/dueto/thanksto之后不加陈述句,加名词(短语)/名词性从句。表示支持、反对的介词For,against其他常用介词besides,except,but,without,beyond,about考点九介词短语介词和动词搭配callfor需要；要求 passby经过payfor为……付款 figureout弄清楚applyfor申请 dreamof梦想searchfor寻找，搜索 referto提及；参考beginwith以……开始contributeto贡献；有助于；促成playwith同……一起玩；玩弄 laughat嘲笑careabout关心；介意 focuson集中于feellike想要 charge...for...索费holdup举起exchange...for...用……来交换……relyon依靠 gobackto追溯到介词与名词构成的搭配①at开头的介词短语ataloss不知所措 atthecostof以……的代价atpeace处于和平状态 attheriskof冒……的危险atwar处于战争状态atthemercyof在……支配下；由……摆布atthesametime同时②on开头的介词短语onexhibition/show在展出 onaccountof因为onfire着火 onaverage平均；一般地onsale出售，打折 onbehalfof代表onnoaccount/condition决不onthedecrease/increase在减少/在增加onholiday/vacation在度假③by开头的介词短语byaccident偶然地 byhand手工bymistake错误地 bychance偶然bytheday按天算 bycoincidence碰巧bynature天生地④in开头的介词短语incash用现金付款 inchargeof掌管……indepth在深度上 inreturn作为回报indetail详细地 indanger(of)在危险中，垂危inheight在高度上 inspiteof尽管inlength在长度上 inexchangefor作为交换infavorof支持，赞成 innotime立刻incaseof万一；如果；假使innoway决不insupportof为支持……inplaceof代替inhonourof为向……表示敬意inpossessionof拥有，占有inmemoryof为了纪念……inadditionto另外inthemiddleof在……中间⑤of+n.表示特征(等于相应的形容词)ofbenefit有益处的 ofsignificance有意义的ofhelp有帮助的 ofuse有用的ofimportance重要的 ofvalue有价值的⑥outof+n.表示状态outofbalance失去平衡 outoforder发生故障outofbreath上气不接下气 outofsight看不见outofcontrol失去控制 outofthequestion不可能outofdate过期 outofwork失业⑦under+n.表示被动underattack遭到袭击 undertreatment在治疗中underpressure在压力下 undercontrol处于控制之中⑧with+n.表示方式withdelight/joy高兴地 withfear害怕地withdifficulty困难地 withpleasure乐意地withease轻而易举地⑨beyond+n.表示“超出……，难以……”beyondcompare无与伦比beyonddescription难以描述beyondreach够不到beyondexpression/words难以表达介词和形容词,过去分词搭配(1)be＋adj.＋aboutbeanxiousabout忧虑becuriousabout对……好奇(2)be＋adj.＋atbeangryat对……生气begoodat擅长(3)be＋adj.＋inbeabsorbedin专注于bedressedin穿着beengagedin忙于(4)be＋adj.＋forbeeagerfor渴望befamousfor以……著名befitfor适合，胜任(5)be＋adj.＋frombeabsentfrom缺席bedifferentfrom不同于(6)be＋adj.＋tobecloseto接近beequalto等于befamiliarto对……来说熟悉(7)be＋adj.＋ofbeawareof意识到befondof喜欢(8)be＋adj.＋withbebusywith忙于befamiliarwith对……熟悉bepatientwith对……有耐心考点一：不定冠词例1.Ourteamtriedhardandas________result,wewonthegame.例2.Momoftentellsme________appleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.A.a B.an C.不填 D.the例3.NowadaystheInternetplays________veryimportantroleinourdailylife.A.a B.an C.the D.\1.-MayIhave________lookatthenewskirtyouboughtyesterday?-Ofcourse.A.a B.an C.the D./2.Iamgoingtomake________specialhouseformypetpigthisweekend.A.an B.a C.the3.Amyonlyhadeggandsomemilkforbreakfasttoday.A.a B.an C.the D.不填4.LiHuahas________goodknowledgeofmanyforeignlanguages,andoneofthemisEnglishwhichis________languagespokenbymanypeopleintheworld.A.the;a B.a;the C.a;a D.the;the5.HanHongis________kindsingerandshedoesalottohelpthepoor.A.a B.an C.the D./考点二：定冠词例1.Iwas________onlygirlinarugbyclubof250boys.例2.InnerMongoliaisoneof________mostbeautifulplacesin________China.A.the;the B.a;/ C.a;the D.the;/例3.—Whatdoyouthinkof________Christmasparty?—Itwasgreat.A.a B.the C.不填 D.an1.Afterfinishingherhomework,Sherryplayed________pianoforhalfanhour.A.不填 B.an C.a D.the2.China’sChang’e4landedonthefarsideof________moonsuccessfully.A.the B.a C.an D.不填3.—Whois________girlinred?—SheisMr.Smith'sdaughter.A.an B.the C.a D.不填4.In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistsandTuYouyouwasamong________firstresearcherschosen.5.Withtheexamaround________corner,we’reburningthemidnightoiltoprepareforit.考点三：零冠词例1.Keepin________mindthatpeoplemayhavedifferentopinionsastowhattheartistislike,sotheyshouldfeelfreetodiscuss.A.the B.an C.a D./例2.Ifyouwanttogetanywherein________chess,youhavetostudythevariousopenings.A.an B.the C./ D.a例3.At________night,wecanseethesplendidJourneyofLightsParade.A.a B.the C.an D./1.Thetwocultureshavealotin________common.A.a B./ C.the D.an2.Sheoftenplays________chessonweekends.A.an B.a C.the D./3.________Time/timeismoney.A.The B.An C./ D.A4.PhilipBeadleisateacher,speaker,and________educationaladviserintheUK.A.a B.an C.the D./5.—Whatwereyoudoingat2o'clockyesterdayafternoon?—Iwasplaying________football.A.a B.the C.an D./考点四：代词分类例1.—Can________drive?—Yes,Ican.Iusuallydrivetowork.A.you B.your C.yours D.yourself例2.Hesoonrecovered(恢复)________(he)andstoppedcrying.例3.Ontheirarrival,theyfoundLuo’sparentseagerlywaitingfor________(they).1.Heamazed________allwithhiskindnessandhisbeautiful,gentle,caringspirit.A.our B.we C.us D.ours2.Mr.Wangisoverthere.Whynotgoandsayhelloto________?A.he B.him C.it D.its3.—Whosecameraisthis?Isit________?—No,it’snotmine.It’s________.A.you;him B.yours;him C.yours;his D.you;his4.Jackwantedtolearntoplaythepianoby________afteraliveconcert.A.him B.his C.he D.himself5.Thelonelyboyoftenplaysfootballwith________.A.he B.his C.him D.himself考点五：不定代词例1.Therearetwotreesinmybackyard.OneisaChinesedatetree.________isalsoaChinesedatetree.A.Theother B.Other C.Another例2.Therearesometalltreeson________sideofthestreet.Soyouwillfeelcool.A.both B.all C.neither D.either例3.—CanIcometodayortomorrow?—________isOK.I’mbusytodayandtomorrow.A.Either B.Neither C.Each D.None1.Myunclepromisedtobuyanicegiftformybirthday,________beyondmyimagination.A.which B.that C.something D.theone2.Beijingisreallyawonderfulcityandwe’vedecidedtostayfor_________week.A.any B.other C.another D.some3.Ihavedonemostofthehousework.Wouldyoupleasefinish________?A.theother B.theothers C.therest D.another4.Thetwosistersweresobusylastnightthat________ofthemhadtimetolookafterthebaby.A.either B.neither C.any D.none5.IinvitedTom,JackandLucytodinner,but________ofthemcame.A.none B.either C.neither D.both考点六：指示代词例1.Dadtoldusthepriceherewasmuchlowerthan________inLondon.A.it B.that C.this D.one例2.Thegoods________ontheInternetarecheaperthan________webuyinshops.A.beingbought;that B.bought;thoseC.bought;that D.bebought;those例3.Themachinesmadeinourfactoryareasgoodas________madeinJapan.A.that B.ones C.them D.those1.—Oh,dear!Weonlyhave15minutestogettothestation.—Soterrible!Thereisn’tanytaxiaroundwhenyouwant________.A.it B.that C.one D.this2.Ireallywanttogotoaplaceforthesummervacation,especially________withbeautifulsceneryanduniqueculture.A.that B.this C.one D.it3.Tohelpusbetterunderstandliteraryworks,ourteachercomparedthewritingstyleofMarkTwainwith________ofLinYutang.A.those B.that C.ones D.One4.Intheeraofartificialintelligence,thecapabilitiesofmodernrobotsarefarmoreadvancedthan________ofthefirst-generationindustrialmachines.A.that B.ones C.one D.those5.—Oh,dear!Weonlyhave15minutestogettothestation.—Soterrible!Thereisn’tanytaxiaroundwhenyouwant________.A.it B.that C.this D.one考点七：it的用法例1.Communicatingthroughascreenmakes________moredifficultforchildrentoconcentrate.例2.________ismydutytodosomethingforstudentsinpoorareas.例3.Ithought________strangethatmyteachercouldnotshowmelove.1.—Mum,whereismyfootball?Haveyouseen________?—Football?Oh,it’sinmycar.A.one B.them C.it D.any2.________wasdifficultforthemtotaketimeofftocelebratethefestival.A.It B.That C.This D.What3.________isreallyeasytogetlostamongthetwistingandturningHutongsnearthePalaceMuseuminBeijing.A.It B.That C.This D.What4.________isgenerallyagreedthatnoonecanlearnalltheknowledgeallhislife.A.What B.As C.Which D.It考点八：介词和介词短语例1.XuYiwaslearningEnglish________anexchangestudentintheUK.例2.Whynotgoandborrowsomemoney________her?例3.Thereisnobetterwaytoseewhatyouarecapable________.1.Ialsoplaycomputergamesfromtime________timeandIevenplaytennisonmytelevisionscreeninmylivingroom!2.Hefrozein________(amaze)atthepoeticlandscape.3.WhenthegameendedourcoachhitPaul________theshoulder,saying,“you’vejustearnedyourplaceontheteam,bigguy!”4.Formorethan50years,hehasdevotedhislife________riceproduction.5.Thenovelismadeup________tenstories.训练一、单项选择1.Wethought________necessarytoinviteProfessorSmithtogiveusalectureonhowtolearnEnglish.A.thatB.itC.thisD.him2.Peoplefelt________impossibleformantoflyintoouterspacesomeyearsago.A.that B.what C.it D.this3.I’dappreciate________ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethiscomputer.A.that B.thisC.you D.it4.Themachinesmadeinourfactoryareasgoodas________madeinJapan.A.that B.ones C.them D.those5.IinvitedJoeandLindatodinner,but________ofthemcame.A.neither B.either C.none D.both6.Headvisedfarmerstochoosethebestseed-heads,________thathadthebestcolor.A.不填 B.ones C.this D.theones7.Thestreetisbeautiful,fortherearetreeson________.A.neitherside B.eithersideC.bothside D.allsides8.TheYangtzeRiver,China’slongest,hasbeenaffectedbyaseveredrought,________thelowestlevelofrainfallthisyearsince1961.A.with B.for C.beyond D.besides9.________thecost,theprojectwilltakealotoftimeaswell.A.Otherthan B.Exceptfor C.Inaddition D.Apartfrom10.Whenaskedabouttheiropinionabouttheschoolmaster,manyteacherswouldprefertoseehimstepaside________youngermen.A.intermsof B.inneedof C.infavorof D.inpraiseof二、单句语法填空1.________isimportanttoprotectourenvironment.2.Ihopetohave________happier,morefruitfulandsatisfyinglifeinmynewschool.3.Heisin________possessionofthatbeautifulgardenandtheshopisin________possessionofhisbrother.4.By________nature,youareanadventurer,fullofamazementandcuriosityabout________worldbiggerthanlifeitself.5.Emilyfeltcompletelyat________losswhen________wordcamethathersonfinallylefthome.一、阅读理解AImaginepickingupanicejuicyapple—butinsteadofbitingintoit,youkeeptheseedsandthrowtherestaway.That’swhatchocolateproducershavetraditionallydonewiththecocoafruit—usedthebeansandthrewawaytherest.Traditionalchocolateproduction,usingonlythebeans,involvesleavingtherestofthecocoafruit—thesizeofapumpkinandfullofnutritiousvalue—torotinthefields.ButnowfoodscientistsinSwitzerlandhavecomeupwithawaytomakechocolateusingtheentirecocoafruitandwithoutusingsugar.Thechocolate,developedbyscientistKimMishraandhisteam,includesthecocoafruit,thejuice,andtheshell.Thekeytothenewchocolateliesintheverysweetjuice,whichtastesabitlikepineapple.Thisjuice,whichis14%sugar,ismadetoformahighlyconcentratedsyrup(高浓度糖浆).RogerWehrli,directoroftheassociationofSwisschocolateproducers,seesthenewchocolateas“verypromising...Ifyouusethewholecocoafruit,youcangetbetterprices.Soit’seconomicallyinterestingforthefarmers.”Foodproductioninvolveslettingoutsignificantgreenhousegas,soreducingfoodwastecouldalsohelptodealwithclimatechange.Chocolate,maynotbyitselfbeahugefactor,butitcouldbeastart.InSwitzerland,someofthebiggerproducersarestartingtousethecocoafruitaswellasthebeans,butnone,sofar,hastakenthestepofnotusingextrasugarcompletely.“Wehavetofindbravechocolateproducerswhowanttotestthemarket,”saysMr.Mishra.1.Whichofthefollowingisthenewwayofdealingwithcocoa?A.Onlyusingtheseeds. B.Onlyusingtheleaves.C.Usingtheentireplant. D.Usingtheentirefruit.2.Wheredoesthesugarofthenewchocolatecomesfrom?A.apple B.pineapple C.thejuice D.theshell3.IntheopinionofRoger,whowillbemostsatisfiedwiththenewchocolate?A.thefarmers B.thescientists C.theproducers D.thebuyers4.Inwhichaspectwillthenewchocolateleadthewayinfoodproduction?A.Gettingbetterprice. B.Protectingtheenvironment.C.Testingthemarket. D.Addingsomeextrasugar.B(2024-2025学年安徽师范大学附属中学高中自主招生考试英语)Jimwasayoungmaninhisearlytwentieswhowasstudyingtobeacarpenter.Hewasagoodworker,honestandworthyoftrust,sohisbosswaspleasedwithhim.Ashewassuchalikablemanandeasytodealwith,hewaspopularwithhisworkmates,too.Theyalsomadefunofhimagreatdealbuthenevergotangrywiththemandwouldonlylaugh.ButJim’sonegreatshortcoming(缺点)wasthathecouldnevertellalie,nomatterhowhardhetried,notevenalittleone.Infact,hewassohonestandshythathewouldblushevenwhenhewastellingthetruth.Heusedtostandinfrontofthemirrorandpractiselyingwhilelookinghimselfintheeyesatthesametime.Butassoonashesawhisfacestartingtogoredhehadtolookaway.Onemorning,however,hedidn’tfeellikegoingtoworkbecausehehadbeentoapartythenightbeforeandithadn’tendedtilltheearlyhoursofthemorning.Andsofarthefirsttimeinhislifehedecidedtotakethedayoff.Heranghisboss,pretendingtobeawoman.“I’mafraidJimcan’tcometoworktoday.Heisn’tfeelingverywell.”PoorJimwasthankfulthathisbosscouldn’tseehimjustatthatmomentbecausehishandsweretrembling(发抖)andhisfacewasbrightred.“Thankyouforlettingmeknow,”saidMr.Woods,hisboss,andthenjustashewasabouttohangup,hesaid,“justamoment,madam,who’sspeaking.”“Oh!”hestammered(口吃的说),andgoingalloutformakingavoicelikeawoman,hecriedinavoice:“Thisismymotherspeaking!”5.WhatdoweknowaboutJim?A.Hetrustedpeopleeasily.B.Hegotalongwellwithpeople.C.Hewasonlypopularwithhisboss.D.Helikedtomakefunofhisworkmates.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blush”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Stammer. B.Lookaway C.Gored. D.Feelcold7.WhydidJimtrytopractiselying?A.Toavoidbeinglaughedatbyhisworkmates.B.Toovercomehisshortcoming.C.Togethisbosspleasedwithhim.D.Togetreadyforgettingadayoff.8.Attheendofthestorywecanlearnthat________.A.Jimsuccessfullytoldalie. B.Jim’smothertoldalie.C.Jim’sbosscouldtellthatJimlied D.JimhadawomaninhishouseCInabreakthroughthatcouldrevolutionizeenergytransmissionandcomputing,scientistsannouncedthedevelopmentoftheworld’sfirstroom-temperaturesuperconductor.Thisachievementpromisestoeliminateelectricalresistanceentirely,makingpowergrids(电网)100%efficientandenablingquantum(量子)computerstooperateatscale.Superconductivity,theabilitytoconductelectricitywithzeroresistance,wasfirstobservedin1911.However,allknownsuperconductorsrequiredextremelylowtemperaturesorhighpressurestofunction,limitingtheirpracticaluse.Thenewmaterial,acompoundofhydrogen,sulfur,andcarbon,achievessuperconductivityatamild21℃andambient(环境的)pressure,anachievementoncethoughtimpossible.Theimplicationsareprofound.Forenergysystems,room-temperaturesuperconductorscoulddrasticallyreduceglobalenergywaste.Currently,upto10%ofelectricityislostasheatduringtransmission.Withsuperconductors,thislosswoulddisappear,loweringenergydemandandcarbonemissions.Incomputing,thematerialcouldsolveamajorbottleneckinquantumcomputing:decoherence(退相干).Quantumbitslosetheirstaterapidlyatroomtemperature,butsuperconductorscouldstabilizethem,leadingtomuchfasterquantumcomputers.Theresearchteamspentfiveyearsexperimentingwithdifferentcompositions.Theyusedahigh-pressurediamondanvilcelltosynthesize(合成)thecompound,thengraduallyreducedthepressure.Totheirsurprise,thematerialmaintaineditssuperconductingcapabilitiesatnormalatmosphericpressure.“Thischangeseverything,”saidleadresearcherDr.ElenaRodriguez.“Superconductivitycannowbeintegratedintoeverydaytechnology.”Despitetheexcitement,challengesremain.Thenewmaterialiscurrentlyonlyproducedinsmall,fragilesamples,andscalingupproductionwillrequirefurtherinnovation.Additionally,thecompoundcontainshighlyreactivehydrogen,posingstabilitychallenges.Researchersareworkingonmodifyingthematerial’sstructuretoaddresstheseissues,aimingtocommercializeitwithinadecade.Asthescientificcommunitybuildsonthisdiscovery,theworldwatchesclosely.Aroom-temperaturesuperconductorisnotjustascientificachievement—itisagatewaytoamoreefficient,sustainablefuture.9.Whatisthemainadvantageofthenewsuperconductor?A.Itcanoperateinnormalconditions.B.Itismadeofmorecommonelements.C.Itisthefirstsuperconductoreverdiscovered.D.Itcanconductelectricitywithzeroresistance.10.Howcanthenewsuperconductorbenefittheenvironment?A.Byreducingtheneedforquantumcomputers.B.Bymakingfossilfuelpowerplantsoutofdate.C.Byreducingenergywasteandcarbonemissions.D.Byenablingmoreefficientrecyclingofmaterials.11.Whatwasakeystepintheresearch?A.Usinganewapproachtocreatethecompound.B.Replacinghydrogenwithamorestableelement.C.Coolingthematerialatextremelylowtemperatures.D.Developingacost-efficienttypeofquantumcomputer.1