专题07 定语从句（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义浙江专用）（原卷版及全解全析）

专题07定语从句目录学考要求速览目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲定语从句的类型定语从句的用法定语从句的引导词进阶分级练必备知识梳理 1点二：集合间的基本关系 4考点四：充分条件与必要条件 6考点五：全称量词与存在量词 7实战能力训练 定语从句作为高考英语语法的核心考点，其考查覆盖多题型且权重显著，是衡量考生语法应用能力的关键指标。从考查范围来看，它贯穿语法填空、短文改错、完形填空及阅读理解四大题型，占语法类试题的15%-20%，既涉及基础的引导词选择，也包含从句成分分析与特殊结构识别等综合能力的检测。掌握这一语法点不仅直接影响语法题得分，更能助力阅读理解中的长句拆解与书面表达中的句式丰富，是提升语言综合运用能力的重要基础。高考对定语从句的考查呈现出“基础为主、难点突出”的鲜明特征，核心聚焦于引导词的精准运用与特殊结构的辨析。基础题（约占70%）重点考查关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose）和关系副词（when/where/why）的基本用法，尤其以which/that/where的辨析频率最高，10年间分别考查58次和32次。难点则集中在非限制性定语从句（10年45考）、“介词+关系代词”结构（10年15考）及as的特殊用法，需考生精准区分关系词功能、识别从句与主句的逻辑关系。从考查逻辑与备考导向来看，高考定语从句始终围绕“成分分析”核心，强调语法规则与语境应用的结合。命题通过设置不同先行词（人/物/时间/地点/整句）和从句结构，检验考生“找先行词→析成分→选引导词”的三步解题能力。同时，考纲明确要求考生将定语从句与其他从句（名词性从句、状语从句）区分，并能在书面表达中灵活运用以丰富句式，这一能力导向贯穿整个考查体系。定语从句是高考英语语法的核心考点之一，主要用于修饰主句中的名词或代词（即先行词），分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。掌握关系代词、关系副词的用法及特殊规则，是应对高考真题的关键。一、定语从句的基本概念1.核心构成基本结构：先行词（被修饰的名词/代词）+关系词（连接主句与从句，在从句中充当成分）+从句主体关系词分为两类：关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that,as）和关系副词（when,where,why）关系词的作用：①指代先行词；②在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语；③连接主句与从句。2.两类定语从句的区别类型功能标点符号例句限制性定语从句修饰先行词，不可或缺，去掉后主句意思不完整无逗号ThisisthebookthatIboughtyesterday.（这是我昨天买的那本书。）非限制性定语从句补充说明先行词，去掉后主句意思仍完整有逗号Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcity.（北京，中国的首都，是一座美丽的城市。）二、关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，需根据先行词的“人/物属性”及“在从句中的成分”选择。1.who/whom（先行词指人）who：在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略，但介词后不能省）例句1：Thegirlwhoisstandingthereismysister.（站在那儿的女孩是我妹妹。）→作主语，不可省略例句2：TheteacherwhoyoumetyesterdaywillteachusEnglish.（你昨天见到的那位老师会教我们英语。）→作宾语，可省略例句3：Thisisthestudentwithwhomtheteachertalkedjustnow.（这就是刚才老师和他谈话的那个学生。）→介词后用whom，不可省略whom：仅作宾语（可省略，介词后必须用whom），高考中常与who的用法辨析结合考查。2.which（先行词指物）：在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略，介词后必须用which）例句1：Thepenwhichliesonthedeskismine.（放在桌子上的那支笔是我的。）→作主语，不可省略例句2：Thefilmwhichwewatchedlastnightwasveryinteresting.（我们昨晚看的那部电影很有趣。）→作宾语，可省略例句3：Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatherworks.（这就是我爸爸工作的那家工厂。）→介词后用which，不可省略3.that（先行词指人或物）：在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略），但不能用于非限制性定语从句，也不能用于介词后。指人时：可与who/whom互换（作主语用who/that，作宾语用whom/that）例句：Theboythat/whohelpedmeismyclassmate.（帮我的那个男孩是我的同学。）→指人，作主语指物时：可与which互换（作主语/宾语均可）例句：Thebookthat/whichIborrowedfromthelibraryislost.（我从图书馆借的那本书丢了。）→指物，作宾语【必记】只能用that的5种情况先行词被序数词（first,second）或形容词最高级（best,most）修饰时例句：ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentoBeijing.（这是我第一次去北京。）先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时例句：Heistheonlystudentthatpassedtheexam.（他是唯一通过考试的学生。）先行词既有人又有物时例句：Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandplacesthatwevisitedlastyear.（我们谈论了去年拜访的人和地方。）先行词是不定代词（all,something,nothing,anything,everything等）时例句：Thereisnothingthatcanstophim.（没有什么能阻止他。）主句以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时例句：Whoisthemanthatistalkingtoourteacher?（正在和我们老师说话的那个男人是谁？）4.whose（先行词指人或物，表“所属关系”）：在从句中作定语，意为“……的”，后接名词，不可省略。指人：whose=the+名词+ofwhom例句：Thegirlwhosehairisblackismycousin.（头发是黑色的那个女孩是我表妹。）=Thegirlthehairofwhomisblackismycousin.指物：whose=the+名词+ofwhich例句：Thisisthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.（这是一栋窗户朝南的房子。）=Thisisthehousethewindowsofwhichfacesouth.5.as（先行词指人或物，常用于固定结构）用于非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，意为“正如……”，可位于句首、句中或句末例句1：Asweallknow,theearthisround.（众所周知，地球是圆的。）→句首例句2：Heisverykind,aseveryonesays.（正如大家所说，他很善良。）→句末用于固定搭配：such...as（像……这样的）、thesame...as（和……一样的）例句1：ThisissuchabeautifulcityasIhaveeverseen.（这是我见过的最美丽的城市之一。）→as作宾语例句2：Iboughtthesamepenasyours.（我买了一支和你一样的笔。）→as作宾语【注意】as与which的区别（高考易错点）as引导非限制性定语从句时，可译为“正如”，从句可位于句首；which不可位于句首，常译为“这/那”例句1：Asisreported,theprojectwillbecompletednextyear.（正如报道的那样，这个项目将于明年完工。）→句首用as例句2：Hepassedtheexam,whichmadehisparentshappy.（他通过了考试，这让他的父母很高兴。）→句中用which三、关系副词的用法关系副词在从句中充当状语，分别对应“时间、地点、原因”，可转化为“介词+关系代词”结构。1.when（先行词指时间，在从句中作时间状语）=介词（in/on/at等）+which例句1：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.（我还记得第一次来这所学校的那一天。）=IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametothisschool.例句2：Therearetimeswhenwefeellonely.（有时候我们会感到孤独。）=Therearetimesatwhichwefeellonely.2.where（先行词指地点，在从句中作地点状语）=介词（in/at/on等）+which例句1：ThisistheschoolwhereIstudied10yearsago.（这是我10年前就读的学校。）=ThisistheschoolinwhichIstudied10yearsago.例句2：Ican’tfindtheshopwhereIboughtthisbook.（我找不到买这本书的那家商店了。）=Ican’tfindtheshopinwhichIboughtthisbook.【注意】where的特殊先行词（易忽略）先行词不是具体地点，而是“抽象地点”（如case,situation,point,condition等）时，也用where引导例句：Weareinasituationwherewehavetomakeadecisionimmediately.（我们处于必须立即做决定的局面。）3.why（先行词只能是reason，在从句中作原因状语）=forwhich（不可用that代替，且why在从句中不可省略）例句1：Couldyoutellmethereasonwhyyouwerelate?（你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗？）=Couldyoutellmethereasonforwhichyouwerelate?例句2：Thereasonwhyherefusedtheofferisstillunknown.（他拒绝这个提议的原因仍然不清楚。）四、易错点总结1.关系词的省略问题作主语的关系词（who,which,that,as）不可省略；作宾语的关系词（whom,which,that）可省略；关系副词（when,where,why）不可省略。2.介词+关系代词的搭配介词的选择取决于先行词的搭配（如thekeyto...用towhich）或从句中动词的搭配（如talkabout...用aboutwhich）例句：Thisisthekeytowhichyoucanopenthedoor.（这是你能打开这扇门的钥匙。）→先行词key与to搭配3.非限制性定语从句的“逗号”逗号是区分限制性和非限制性的关键，且非限制性定语从句中不能用that和why，指人用who/whom，指物用which。考点精讲讲练1．Thepoliceareinvestigatingthecompany,threeof________managershavealreadybeenarrested.A．that B．whose C．which D．where【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：警方正在对这家公司进行调查，该公司有三名管理人员已被逮捕。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词company，在从句中作定语，修饰名词managers，故应用关系代词whose。故选B。2．Mytwoadorablebrothers,bothof________displaypassionforcomicbooks,areoccupied________doinghomework.A．that;with B．who;on C．them,for D．whom,in【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句和固定短语。句意：我那两个可爱的弟弟，两人都对漫画书充满热情，此刻正忙着做作业。第一空引导非限制性定语从句，代替先行词brothers在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词whom，构成“介词+whom”结构引导的定语从句；beoccupiedindoing固定搭配，意为“忙于……”。故选D。3．________difficultataskitmaybe,wemustfinishitontime,becausewecan’tmeetsuchapreciousopportunity________wehaveexpected.A．However;as B．Whatever;that C．However;that D．Whatever;which【答案】A【解析】考查让步状语从句和定语从句。句意：无论任务多么艰巨，我们都必须按时完成，因为我们不能遇到我们所期望的这样一个宝贵的机会。由difficultataskitmaybe,wemustfinishitontime可知，第一空所在句子表示“无论任务多么艰巨，我们都必须按时完成”，第一空意为“无论多么”，用however，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写；第二空引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，空前有such，因此用as引导定语从句，such...as...是固定搭配，故选A。1．Weneedtoprotectthemountain______ecologicalsystemhasbeendamagedbyillegalloggingandover-tourisminrecentyears.A．where B．that C．which D．whose2．Manyparentswanttheirchildrentoparticipateinvariousactivities________theycanlearnamusicalinstrumentorballetorotherskillsthatwillgivethemaheadstartoverothers.A．where B．what C．which D．when3．Allinall,Imakegooduseofeveryminute_______mygoals._______thepopularsayinggoes,“Everyminutecounts”A．toachieve;Which B．achieving;ThatC．toachieve;As D．achieve;As4．Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%________aresoldabroad.A．which B．ofthat C．whichof D．ofwhich5．Therewasn’tanythinginhislengthyexplanation________couldhelptoclearuptheconfusion.A．which B．that C．all D．as6．Thecompanyisupgradingitsinternalmanagementsystem________employees’workprogressistrackedtransparentlytoimproveefficiency.A．whose B．onwhich C．towhich D．where7．WutheringHeightsisthenameofMr.Heathcliff’sdwelling,with“Wuthering”beingasignificantprovincialadjective,descriptiveoftheatmospherictumult(混乱)________itsstationisexposedinstormyweather.A．/ B．inwhich C．towhich D．that8．________breakstherulesofthedormitorywillbepunished.A．Anyonewhich B．Thosewho C．Nomatterwho D．Anyonewho9．Iaskedhimtoquitsmoking.Hepromisedfair,butinsuchamanner________weadopttosootheachild.A．that B．how C．where D．as10．Thisistheonlycafé________we’vetried________offershomemadedessertswithnoaddedsugarA．that;/ B．which;that C．/;that D．where;and训练一、单项选择1．Antsliveandworktogether.Theindividualanthasitsresponsibilities,________isnecessaryforthecommunitytofunction.A．eachofthem B．eachofwhichC．allofwhich D．allofthem2．Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.A．which B．those C．whose D．what3．Therewasatime______peopleweredividedgeographically.A．that B．where C．when D．as4．Thevillage______westayedlastsummeristhemostbeautifulplace______Ihaveevervisited.A．where;that B．which;where C．where;which D．that;that5．—Ithinkwehavemettheidiombefore.—Yes.Itwasinthereadingmaterial_________wereadyesterday_________wemetit.A．where;when B．that;when C．/;that D．/;/6．Theairqualityintheeasterncities,____isshowninthesereports,_____improvedoverthepasttwomonths.A．that,have B．it,has C．as,has D．what,have7．Weallbelievethatpeople________interestisexploringtherelationshipbetweenartandsciencewillenjoythisexhibition.A．what B．whose C．who D．which8．Thereareseveralthemes________inCharlotteBronte’snovels,in________theheroinesoftenstruggleagainstsocialconstraints.A．explored;their B．toexplore;whom C．explored;which D．exploring;whose9．DuringtheintensefightinWorldWarI,SurgentPresleyledhisunitthroughcountlessterrifyingingexperiencesandescapeddeathonanumberofoccasions________asplit-seconddecisioncouldhavemeantlifeordeath.A．when B．where C．which D．that10．Youwilleventuallyfindfriendsinyournewtown_______canhelpyoufitin.A．who B．which C．where D．whom11．Noamountoftoyscanmakeupfortheloveandattention____________everychildneeds.A．what B．that C．where D．whether12．Theman________youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather’sneighbour.A．withwhom B．when C．towhom D．which13．Theorganization,______missionistoprovideaidtounderprivilegedchildren,isbelievedtohavemadeasubstantialimpactonthelivesofthousandsofyoungpeoplethroughitsvariousprograms.A．where B．that C．which D．whose14．Ishallneverforgetthedays________IspentinBeijingUniversity,________hasagreateffectonmylife.A．that;which B．when;which C．when;that D．that;that15．Finningisatypeoffishing_____sharksarecaughtandtheirfinscutoff.A．which B．as C．whose D．where16．Iwasnearlyasexcitedaboutthesnowthismorningasthechildren,______Ifoundalllookingthroughthewindowatthemagicoutside.A．that B．when C．which D．whom17．Itwasthemoment________shearrivedattheUK________signalledthebeginningofajourneyfilledwithunknownadventuresandunforgettableexperiences.A．/,that B．when,that C．that,when D．when,which18．Theway________hepresentedhisideasinthespeechimpressedallthejudges.A．which B．that C．where D．how19．Theengineer________myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A．towhom B．onwhich C．withwhich D．withwhom20．Thisisthebestfilm________inrecentyears,winningnumerousawardsatinternationalfilmfestivals.A．whichthestudiohasreleased B．thestudiohasreleasedC．thatthestudiohasreleasedit D．wherethestudiohasreleased21．—Whatdoyouthinkofhistory,Tom?—Ifinditinspiringandeye-opening.Itisasubject______youcanunderstandthedevelopmentofsocietiesandthelessonsfromthepast.A．which B．when C．where D．that22．Regulationsoftenmeetresistanceintherigidsystem,______bossyemployersmaybechallengedbyemployees.A．which B．where C．whose D．that23．Atourbus,______bodyhugeflowerswerepainted,appearedinTianjinduringtheBegoniaFestival.A．ofwhich B．acrosswhoseC．acrosswhich D．ofwhose24．Althoughmoderntechnologycouldhelpproducemorecrops,theseterracesstillmeanalottolocalpeople________traditionsholdmuchvalue.A．onwhich B．withwhom C．inwhich D．forwhom25．Thebrain-computerinterfacetechnology,______developmentisfundedbythegovernment,hasenteredclinicaltrials.A．which B．whose C．when D．where26．5Gcommercialservicehasopenedanewdigitalage,________notonlytechnologybutalsopeople’sworkcapacityandlifestylewillbeupgraded.A．as B．where C．when D．which27．Theteacherdesignedspecialexercises_______students’weakpoints,whicharetheareas_______moststudentsneedimprovement.A．todealwith;that B．todealwith;whereC．dealingwith;what D．dealingwith;when28．Wasitthereason_______hegaveatthemeeting_______madeeveryonepresentdissatisfied?A．that;what B．which;asC．why;that D．that;that29．Severalguestlecturesarescheduledthissemester,______thetalkonclimateinnovationbyDr.Chenisthemostanticipated.A．withwhich B．amongwhich C．ofwhich D．bywhich30．Iwanttoputthephoto______IcanseeiteverydaybecauseitcanremindmeofthehappydaysIspentinTianjinNo.47highschool.A．where;which B．where;when C．inwhich;which D．inwhich;when二、语法填空1阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。APu,acartoonimageofayoungmalepandawholovesplayingtabletennis,31(become)theofficialglobalrepresentativeofChina’sgiantpandassincethecompetition’sorganizersannouncedlastWednesday.APuwearsaredT-shirt32whichanimageofhisfavoritefood—bambooshoot—canbeseen.TheeyesofAPuareheartshaped,suggestingemotionsofloveandcaring.TheimageofAPu33(select)frommorethan2.023worksfrom22countries,wontheChinaGiantPandaGlobalImageDesignCompetition.TheimageofAPuwillbe34(wide)promotedastheofficialimageofChina’sgiantpandasandwillbeabridge35(connect)Chinawiththerestoftheworld,theorganizerssaid.“APu36(give)theidentityofayoungmalepandawhowillsoonbe37freshmanincollegeandlovesplayingtabletennis.”accordingtotheleaddesigneroftheteamcreatingAPu.TheimagerepresentsthenewgenerationofChinese38(youth)whoaremoreconnectedtotheinternationalcommunity,39alsoshowstheircharacteristics—energetic,positive,40(confidence),andwillingtoshare.2阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。November11,knownas“SinglesDay”,hasgrownintoChina’sandpossiblytheworld’s41(busy)onlineshoppingday.SinglesDay42(create)byChinesecollegestudentsinthe1990sas43versionofValentine’sDayforpeoplewithoutromanticpartners.Onthatday,unattachedyoungpeoplewouldtreateachothertodinnerorgivegiftstochasethatspecialsomeone44(end)theirsinglestatus.Thatgift-givinghelpedtoturn45intoamajorshoppingeventassellerssawamarketingopportunityandlaunchedSinglesDaysales.ItisChina’s46(respond)toCyberMondayintheUS,thedayafterThanksgivingweekend,

47onlineshoppingforChristmasbegins.Lastyear,48(businessman)onTaobaoandTtookinabout$3billiononSinglesDay.Thisfigureexceededthetotalof$1.25billionthatU.S.onlinebusinessearnedonCyberMonday,49(make)SinglesDaythebiggeste­commercesalesdayonrecord.Chinahasthebiggestpopulationofonlineusersintheworld,50about538millionpeopleonline.Now,itfollowstheU.S.andJapaninonlinespendingandisforecastedtorisetofirstplaceasearlyasthisyear.3阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。WhenIwasakid,onedayIfoundalittlesheepdogonmywayhomefromschool.Theownerwasthegrandmotherofmyfriend,51toldmethattheyweregivingthedogaway,andIcouldhaveher52Iwantedher.Well,needlesstosay,Iwantedher!WhenIbroughtherhomewithdelight,I53(tell)wecouldnothavethatdoginthehouse.Myfathertoldmewecouldtakecareofher54wefoundanotherhomeforher.Myfatherdidallhecouldtoavoid55(stay)withthedog,givinghernoattention.Occasionally,heurgedmetofindthenewowner56thedog.Oneday,whenmymotherandIcamehomefromthegrocerystore,mymomstoppedmeatthefrontwindow.Mydadwasonthefloor,57(play)withthatpreciouslittlesheepdog.58(instant)heheardusatthedoor,hequicklyjumpedup,59wentabouthisbusiness,butIwillneverforget60Isawthatday!Whenthatdogdied,myfatherevencried!Thesheepdoghasbroughtwonderfulmemoriestomeandmyfamily.4阅读下面材料,在题后空白处填入适当的内容（每空一词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Inmanyfilms,wheneverEarthfacesadisaster,the61（solve）isalwaysfleeingtheplanet62spaceship.ButnowtheChinesesci-fimovie,TheWanderingEarth

63（offer）adifferentand64（encourage）idea.Inthefilm,Earthisbeingdestroyedbythedyingsun.Inresponse,humansaroundtheworldworktogether65(build)agiantenginesystem,66willpushEarthawayfromthesun.This"ambition"didn'tcomefromnowhere.Uptonow“homeland”67(have)asoftspotintheheartsandmindsofChinesepeople.Thisspecialculturalbackground68(probable)makesTheWanderingEarthdifferentfromotherfilms.ThefilmwasreleasedonFeb5,thefirstdayofChineseNewYear.Itwas69timewhenmanypeoplehadjustmadethehardjourneybackto70(they)hometowns.Sothereisonlyonepossiblewaytotellthestory：Earthgoeswhereverhumansgo,becauseit'sourhome.

专题07定语从句目录学考要求目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲定语从句的类型定语从句的用法定语从句的引导词进阶分级练必备知识梳理 1点二：集合间的基本关系 4考点四：充分条件与必要条件 6考点五：全称量词与存在量词 7实战能力训练 定语从句作为高考英语语法的核心考点，其考查覆盖多题型且权重显著，是衡量考生语法应用能力的关键指标。从考查范围来看，它贯穿语法填空、短文改错、完形填空及阅读理解四大题型，占语法类试题的15%-20%，既涉及基础的引导词选择，也包含从句成分分析与特殊结构识别等综合能力的检测。掌握这一语法点不仅直接影响语法题得分，更能助力阅读理解中的长句拆解与书面表达中的句式丰富，是提升语言综合运用能力的重要基础。高考对定语从句的考查呈现出“基础为主、难点突出”的鲜明特征，核心聚焦于引导词的精准运用与特殊结构的辨析。基础题（约占70%）重点考查关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose）和关系副词（when/where/why）的基本用法，尤其以which/that/where的辨析频率最高，10年间分别考查58次和32次。难点则集中在非限制性定语从句（10年45考）、“介词+关系代词”结构（10年15考）及as的特殊用法，需考生精准区分关系词功能、识别从句与主句的逻辑关系。从考查逻辑与备考导向来看，高考定语从句始终围绕“成分分析”核心，强调语法规则与语境应用的结合。命题通过设置不同先行词（人/物/时间/地点/整句）和从句结构，检验考生“找先行词→析成分→选引导词”的三步解题能力。同时，考纲明确要求考生将定语从句与其他从句（名词性从句、状语从句）区分，并能在书面表达中灵活运用以丰富句式，这一能力导向贯穿整个考查体系。定语从句是高考英语语法的核心考点之一，主要用于修饰主句中的名词或代词（即先行词），分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。掌握关系代词、关系副词的用法及特殊规则，是应对高考真题的关键。一、定语从句的基本概念1.核心构成基本结构：先行词（被修饰的名词/代词）+关系词（连接主句与从句，在从句中充当成分）+从句主体关系词分为两类：关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that,as）和关系副词（when,where,why）关系词的作用：①指代先行词；②在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语；③连接主句与从句。2.两类定语从句的区别类型功能标点符号例句限制性定语从句修饰先行词，不可或缺，去掉后主句意思不完整无逗号ThisisthebookthatIboughtyesterday.（这是我昨天买的那本书。）非限制性定语从句补充说明先行词，去掉后主句意思仍完整有逗号Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcity.（北京，中国的首都，是一座美丽的城市。）二、关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，需根据先行词的“人/物属性”及“在从句中的成分”选择。1.who/whom（先行词指人）who：在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略，但介词后不能省）例句1：Thegirlwhoisstandingthereismysister.（站在那儿的女孩是我妹妹。）→作主语，不可省略例句2：TheteacherwhoyoumetyesterdaywillteachusEnglish.（你昨天见到的那位老师会教我们英语。）→作宾语，可省略例句3：Thisisthestudentwithwhomtheteachertalkedjustnow.（这就是刚才老师和他谈话的那个学生。）→介词后用whom，不可省略whom：仅作宾语（可省略，介词后必须用whom），高考中常与who的用法辨析结合考查。2.which（先行词指物）：在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略，介词后必须用which）例句1：Thepenwhichliesonthedeskismine.（放在桌子上的那支笔是我的。）→作主语，不可省略例句2：Thefilmwhichwewatchedlastnightwasveryinteresting.（我们昨晚看的那部电影很有趣。）→作宾语，可省略例句3：Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatherworks.（这就是我爸爸工作的那家工厂。）→介词后用which，不可省略3.that（先行词指人或物）：在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略），但不能用于非限制性定语从句，也不能用于介词后。指人时：可与who/whom互换（作主语用who/that，作宾语用whom/that）例句：Theboythat/whohelpedmeismyclassmate.（帮我的那个男孩是我的同学。）→指人，作主语指物时：可与which互换（作主语/宾语均可）例句：Thebookthat/whichIborrowedfromthelibraryislost.（我从图书馆借的那本书丢了。）→指物，作宾语【必记】只能用that的5种情况先行词被序数词（first,second）或形容词最高级（best,most）修饰时例句：ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentoBeijing.（这是我第一次去北京。）先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时例句：Heistheonlystudentthatpassedtheexam.（他是唯一通过考试的学生。）先行词既有人又有物时例句：Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandplacesthatwevisitedlastyear.（我们谈论了去年拜访的人和地方。）先行词是不定代词（all,something,nothing,anything,everything等）时例句：Thereisnothingthatcanstophim.（没有什么能阻止他。）主句以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时例句：Whoisthemanthatistalkingtoourteacher?（正在和我们老师说话的那个男人是谁？）4.whose（先行词指人或物，表“所属关系”）：在从句中作定语，意为“……的”，后接名词，不可省略。指人：whose=the+名词+ofwhom例句：Thegirlwhosehairisblackismycousin.（头发是黑色的那个女孩是我表妹。）=Thegirlthehairofwhomisblackismycousin.指物：whose=the+名词+ofwhich例句：Thisisthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.（这是一栋窗户朝南的房子。）=Thisisthehousethewindowsofwhichfacesouth.5.as（先行词指人或物，常用于固定结构）用于非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，意为“正如……”，可位于句首、句中或句末例句1：Asweallknow,theearthisround.（众所周知，地球是圆的。）→句首例句2：Heisverykind,aseveryonesays.（正如大家所说，他很善良。）→句末用于固定搭配：such...as（像……这样的）、thesame...as（和……一样的）例句1：ThisissuchabeautifulcityasIhaveeverseen.（这是我见过的最美丽的城市之一。）→as作宾语例句2：Iboughtthesamepenasyours.（我买了一支和你一样的笔。）→as作宾语【注意】as与which的区别（高考易错点）as引导非限制性定语从句时，可译为“正如”，从句可位于句首；which不可位于句首，常译为“这/那”例句1：Asisreported,theprojectwillbecompletednextyear.（正如报道的那样，这个项目将于明年完工。）→句首用as例句2：Hepassedtheexam,whichmadehisparentshappy.（他通过了考试，这让他的父母很高兴。）→句中用which三、关系副词的用法关系副词在从句中充当状语，分别对应“时间、地点、原因”，可转化为“介词+关系代词”结构。1.when（先行词指时间，在从句中作时间状语）=介词（in/on/at等）+which例句1：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.（我还记得第一次来这所学校的那一天。）=IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametothisschool.例句2：Therearetimeswhenwefeellonely.（有时候我们会感到孤独。）=Therearetimesatwhichwefeellonely.2.where（先行词指地点，在从句中作地点状语）=介词（in/at/on等）+which例句1：ThisistheschoolwhereIstudied10yearsago.（这是我10年前就读的学校。）=ThisistheschoolinwhichIstudied10yearsago.例句2：Ican’tfindtheshopwhereIboughtthisbook.（我找不到买这本书的那家商店了。）=Ican’tfindtheshopinwhichIboughtthisbook.【注意】where的特殊先行词（易忽略）先行词不是具体地点，而是“抽象地点”（如case,situation,point,condition等）时，也用where引导例句：Weareinasituationwherewehavetomakeadecisionimmediately.（我们处于必须立即做决定的局面。）3.why（先行词只能是reason，在从句中作原因状语）=forwhich（不可用that代替，且why在从句中不可省略）例句1：Couldyoutellmethereasonwhyyouwerelate?（你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗？）=Couldyoutellmethereasonforwhichyouwerelate?例句2：Thereasonwhyherefusedtheofferisstillunknown.（他拒绝这个提议的原因仍然不清楚。）四、易错点总结1.关系词的省略问题作主语的关系词（who,which,that,as）不可省略；作宾语的关系词（whom,which,that）可省略；关系副词（when,where,why）不可省略。2.介词+关系代词的搭配介词的选择取决于先行词的搭配（如thekeyto...用towhich）或从句中动词的搭配（如talkabout...用aboutwhich）例句：Thisisthekeytowhichyoucanopenthedoor.（这是你能打开这扇门的钥匙。）→先行词key与to搭配3.非限制性定语从句的“逗号”逗号是区分限制性和非限制性的关键，且非限制性定语从句中不能用that和why，指人用who/whom，指物用which。考点精讲讲练1．Thepoliceareinvestigatingthecompany,threeof________managershavealreadybeenarrested.A．that B．whose C．which D．where【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：警方正在对这家公司进行调查，该公司有三名管理人员已被逮捕。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词company，在从句中作定语，修饰名词managers，故应用关系代词whose。故选B。2．Mytwoadorablebrothers,bothof________displaypassionforcomicbooks,areoccupied________doinghomework.A．that;with B．who;on C．them,for D．whom,in【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句和固定短语。句意：我那两个可爱的弟弟，两人都对漫画书充满热情，此刻正忙着做作业。第一空引导非限制性定语从句，代替先行词brothers在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词whom，构成“介词+whom”结构引导的定语从句；beoccupiedindoing固定搭配，意为“忙于……”。故选D。3．________difficultataskitmaybe,wemustfinishitontime,becausewecan’tmeetsuchapreciousopportunity________wehaveexpected.A．However;as B．Whatever;that C．However;that D．Whatever;which【答案】A【解析】考查让步状语从句和定语从句。句意：无论任务多么艰巨，我们都必须按时完成，因为我们不能遇到我们所期望的这样一个宝贵的机会。由difficultataskitmaybe,wemustfinishitontime可知，第一空所在句子表示“无论任务多么艰巨，我们都必须按时完成”，第一空意为“无论多么”，用however，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写；第二空引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，空前有such，因此用as引导定语从句，such...as...是固定搭配，故选A。1．Weneedtoprotectthemountain______ecologicalsystemhasbeendamagedbyillegalloggingandover-tourisminrecentyears.A．where B．that C．which D．whose【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们需要保护这座山，它的生态系统近年来因非法伐木和过度旅游而遭到破坏。“______ecologicalsystemhasbeendamagedbyillegalloggingandover-tourisminrecentyears”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词themountain，关系词将其代入从句中作定语，即“这座山的生态系统”，应用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导定语从句。故选D项。2．Manyparentswanttheirchildrentoparticipateinvariousactivities________theycanlearnamusicalinstrumentorballetorotherskillsthatwillgivethemaheadstartoverothers.A．where B．what C．which D．when【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多父母希望他们的孩子参加各种活动，在这些活动中他们可以学习乐器、芭蕾或其他技能，这些技能将使他们比其他人领先一步。“________theycanlearnamusicalinstrumentorballetorotherskills”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词activities，关系词将其代入从句中作地点状语，表示“在这些活动中”，是模糊地点，应用关系副词where从句。故选A项。3．Allinall,Imakegooduseofeveryminute_______mygoals._______thepopularsayinggoes,“Everyminutecounts”A．toachieve;Which B．achieving;ThatC．toachieve;As D．achieve;As【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词和定语从句关系词。句意：总之，我充分利用每一分钟来实现我的目标。正如俗话所说，“每一分钟都很重要”。第一空处使用不定式作目的状语，故填toachieve；第二空处使用as引导非限制性定语从句，asthepopularsayinggoes为固定句型，意为“正如俗话所说”，as在从句中作宾语，指代整个主句的内容，且位于句首，首字母大写。故选C。4．Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%________aresoldabroad.A．which B．ofthat C．whichof D．ofwhich【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋，其中80%销往国外。句中使用了“分数/百分数+of+which/whom”结构引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“halfamillionpairofshoes”，指物，应用关系代词which，作介词of的宾语。故选D项。5．Therewasn’tanythinginhislengthyexplanation________couldhelptoclearuptheconfusion.A．which B．that C．all D．as【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他冗长的解释中没有任何能帮助消除困惑的东西。“____couldhelptoclearuptheconfusion”是定语从句，修饰先行词anything，先行词是不定代词，且在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词that引导定语从句，不能用which。故选B项。6．Thecompanyisupgradingitsinternalmanagementsystem________employees’workprogressistrackedtransparentlytoimproveefficiency.A．whose B．onwhich C．towhich D．where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：该公司正在升级其内部管理系统，在这个系统中，员工的工作进度可以被透明地追踪，以提高效率。先行词是“internalmanagementsystem”，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故选D项。7．WutheringHeightsisthenameofMr.Heathcliff’sdwelling,with“Wuthering”beingasignificantprovincialadjective,descriptiveoftheatmospherictumult(混乱)________itsstationisexposedinstormyweather.A．/ B．inwhich C．towhich D．that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：《呼啸山庄》是希斯克利夫先生住所的名字，“呼啸”是一个重要的地方性形容词，用来描述该住所所在位置在暴风雨天气中所经受的大气混乱。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词theatmospherictumult，从句主干为“itsstationisexposed...”，其中动词expose常与介词to连用，构成“beexposedto...”意为“暴露于……”，因此，从句完整表达应为“itsstationisexposedtotheatmospherictumult”，将theatmospherictumult提前作先行词后，介词to提前，关系代词which指代tumult，构成“towhichitsstationisexposed”。故选C项。8．________breakstherulesofthedormitorywillbepunished.A．Anyonewhich B．Thosewho C．Nomatterwho D．Anyonewho【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：任何违反宿舍规定的人都会受到惩罚。此处表示“任何人”用anyone，作先行词，后跟定语从句，在从句作主语，指人，故用who引导，故选D。9．Iaskedhimtoquitsmoking.Hepromisedfair,butinsuchamanner________weadopttosootheachild.A．that B．how C．where D．as【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我让他戒烟。他答应得好好的，但那态度就像我们哄小孩时用的那种敷衍的态度。此处为定语从句，先行词为manner，表示“方式”，本句中从句部分为“weadopttosootheachild”，其中adopt后缺少宾语，因此需要一个能作宾语的关系代词，先行词前有such修饰，所以此处使用关系代词as。故选D项。10．Thisistheonlycafé________we’vetried________offershomemadedessertswithnoaddedsugarA．that;/ B．which;that C．/;that D．where;and【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：这是我们尝试过的唯一一家提供无添加糖自制甜点的咖啡馆。第一个空，先行词为café。因先行词被theonly修饰，关系代词只能用that，且作宾语时that可省略，因此第一个空可填that或不填。第二个空，同样因先行词被theonly修饰，关系代词只能用that，且作主语时that不可省略，因此第二个空必须填that。故选C项。训练一、单项选择1．Antsliveandworktogether.Theindividualanthasitsresponsibilities,________isnecessaryfort