专题09 特殊句式（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义浙江专用）（原卷版及全解全析）

专题09特殊句式目录目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句、therebe句型进阶分级练必备知识梳理 1点二：集合间的基本关系 4考点四：充分条件与必要条件 6考点五：全称量词与存在量词 7实战能力训练 高考学考英语对特殊句式的考查聚焦核心语法规则与语境应用能力，以倒装句、强调句、省略句和祈使句为核心考点，强调对句式结构的精准识别与规范运用。命题依托考纲要求，既覆盖基础规则记忆，如倒装句中否定词前置、only修饰状语从句时的部分倒装规则，也注重语法知识在语境中的灵活迁移，要求考生能结合句子逻辑判断句式类型并补充正确成分。从考查价值看，这一板块既检测基础语法功底，也为写作中的句式优化提供支撑，恰当运用倒装、强调等句式可提升表达的精准度与层次感。在考查形式与命题趋势上，特殊句式多渗透于语篇型填空、阅读理解等题型中，近年全国卷更倾向于在语篇语境中设置考点。语篇型填空中常考查倒装句的助动词补充、强调句中that的运用等显性考点。从考频看，祈使句、省略句在近三年真题中出现频次较高，倒装句和强调句虽偶有间断，但始终是备考重点，且命题逐渐弱化孤立语法考查，更强调与语篇意义的结合。备考要求上，考生需构建清晰的句式知识体系，明确不同句式的核心特征与适用场景：倒装句需区分完全倒装（如therebe句型、地点状语前置）与部分倒装（如否定词前置、so/such...that...结构）的规则边界，强调句要掌握被强调成分的判断方法及疑问句式变式，省略句则需精准识别状语从句中主语和be动词的省略条件。同时需结合真题强化应用训练，针对易错点重点突破——如倒装句中助动词的时态匹配、强调句与定语从句的辨析、省略成分的逻辑补充等。通过"规则记忆+语境分析+错题复盘"的路径，既能应对客观题中的语法检测，也能在写作中灵活运用特殊句式增强表达效果。特殊句式是高考英语语法的核心考点之一，主要包括倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句、therebe句型等的特殊情况。以下针对每种句式进行详细拆解，结合高考学考高频考法举例说明，帮助同学们精准掌握。一、倒装句（Inversion）倒装句指将句子的部分或全部谓语提到主语之前，分为完全倒装和部分倒装，常考语境包括否定词开头、“only+状语”开头、so/neither/nor表指代等。1.完全倒装（主谓完全颠倒）适用情况：表示地点、方位的副词（here,there,up,down,in,out等）或介词短语（onthewall,underthetree等）置于句首，且主语为名词（非代词）。例句1：Herecomestheschoolbus.（校车来了。）（正常语序：Theschoolbuscomeshere.主语“theschoolbus”是名词，here置于句首引发完全倒装）例句2：Onthetopofthemountainstandsanoldtemple.（山顶上矗立着一座古老的寺庙。）（正常语序：Anoldtemplestandsonthetopofthemountain.介词短语作状语置于句首，主语为名词，用完全倒装）2.部分倒装（助动词/情态动词提到主语前）(1)否定词及否定短语开头常见否定词：never,hardly,seldom,rarely,little,nowhere等；否定短语：atnotime,innoway,bynomeans,undernocircumstances等。例句：NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulsunset.（我从未见过如此美丽的日落。）（正常语序：Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulsunset.never置于句首，助动词have提到主语I前，部分倒装）(2)“only+状语”开头状语可为副词、介词短语或状语从句，注意：only修饰主语时不倒装。例句1：Onlybyworkinghardcanweachieveourgoals.（只有努力工作，我们才能实现目标。）（only+介词短语作状语，助动词can提到主语we前）例句2：Onlywhenhereturneddidweknowthetruth.（直到他回来，我们才知道真相。）（only+状语从句，助动词did提到主语we前）(3)so/neither/nor表“也（不）”so用于肯定句，neither/nor用于否定句，需部分倒装。例句1：Shelikesreadingnovels,sodoI.（她喜欢读小说，我也喜欢。）（正常语序：Ialsolikereadingnovels.so表“也”，助动词do提到主语I前）例句2：Hedidn’tfinishhishomework,nordidhissister.（他没完成作业，他妹妹也没完成。）（nor表“也不”，助动词did提到主语hissister前）二、强调句（EmphaticSentence）高考高频考点为Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分，被强调部分可为主语、宾语、状语（时间、地点、原因等），需注意时态一致和连接词选择。1.基本结构(1)强调主语（人）：Itis/was+人+who/that+其他例句：ItwasTomwhohelpedmewithmyEnglishyesterday.（昨天是汤姆帮我学英语的。）（被强调部分“Tom”是人，可用who或that，原句：TomhelpedmewithmyEnglishyesterday.）(2)强调宾语/状语（物/时间/地点等）：Itis/was+被强调部分+that+其他例句1：ItisthisbookthatIwanttobuy.（我想买的就是这本书。）（强调宾语“thisbook”，原句：Iwanttobuythisbook.）例句2：Itwasin2020thathestartedhiscollegelife.（他是在2020年开始大学生活的。）（强调时间状语“in2020”，原句：Hestartedhiscollegelifein2020.）2.易错点：与定语从句的区别强调句中，去掉“Itis/was...that/who”后，句子仍完整；定语从句中，关系词在句中作成分，去掉后句子不完整。例句1（强调句）：Itistheparkthatwevisitedlastweek.（我们上周去的就是这个公园。）（去掉Itis...that：Wevisitedtheparklastweek.句子完整，是强调句）例句2（定语从句）：Thisistheparkthatwevisitedlastweek.（这是我们上周去的公园。）（去掉that：Thisistheparkwevisitedlastweek.虽可省略关系词，但原句中that作宾语，是定语从句）三、省略句（Ellipsis）为避免重复、使句子简洁，常省略句子中已知或不必要的成分，高考常考状语从句省略、不定式省略、对话中的省略。1.状语从句省略（主从句主语一致，且从句含be动词）省略“主语+be动词”，保留“连词+分词/形容词/介词短语”。例句1：While(hewas)waitingforthebus,hereadanewspaper.（等公交车时，他看了一份报纸。）（主从句主语均为“he”，从句含was，省略“hewas”）例句2：If(itis)necessary,youcancallmeatanytime.（如果有必要，你可以随时给我打电话。）（从句主语“it”与主句主语“you”不一致，但从句含is，可省略“itis”，属于固定省略）2.不定式省略（保留to，省略后面的动词）当不定式短语再次出现，且动词与前文一致时，可省略动词，保留to。例句：—Willyougotothepartywithme?（你愿意和我一起去派对吗？）—Yes,I’dloveto(gotothepartywithyou).（愿意，我很乐意去。）（省略“gotothepartywithyou”，保留to）四、祈使句（ImperativeSentence）表示命令、请求、建议或警告，主语常为you（省略），谓语用动词原形，否定式在动词前加don’t。1.肯定式例句1：Openthewindow,please.（请打开窗户。）（表请求）例句2：Studyhardfortheexam.（为考试努力学习。）（表建议）2.否定式例句1：Don’ttalkinthelibrary.（不要在图书馆里说话。）（表警告）例句2：Don’tforgettotakeyourumbrella.（别忘了带伞。）（表提醒）3.特殊形式：let开头结构：Let+宾语+动词原形（+其他），表“让某人做某事”。例句：Let’sgoforawalkafterdinner.（晚饭后我们去散步吧。）（let’s=letus，表提议）五、感叹句（ExclamatorySentence）表达强烈的情感（喜悦、惊讶、愤怒等），高考常考两种结构：What引导和How引导。1.What引导（修饰名词）结构：What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语！例句1：Whatabeautifulfloweritis!（这是一朵多么漂亮的花啊！）（修饰可数名词单数“flower”）例句2：Whatdeliciousfooditis!（这是多么美味的食物啊！）（修饰不可数名词“food”）2.How引导（修饰形容词、副词或动词）结构：How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！How+主语+谓语！（修饰动词）例句1：Howfastheruns!（他跑得真快啊！）（修饰副词“fast”）例句2：Howhappytheyare!（他们多开心啊！）（修饰形容词“happy”）例句3：Howwemissourhometown!（我们多么想念家乡啊！）（修饰动词“miss”）六、Therebe句型表示“某地有某物”，核心是“存在有”，区别于“have/has”（表“所属有”），常考时态变化、主谓一致及“therebe+非谓语”结构。1.基本结构：Therebe+主语+地点状语be动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定（就近原则）。例句1：Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.（房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。）（主语“adesk”是单数，be动词用is，就近原则）例句2：Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.（房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。）（主语“twochairs”是复数，be动词用are，就近原则）2.时态变化根据时间状语调整be动词时态，常见时态：is/are（一般现在时）、was/were（一般过去时）、willbe（一般将来时）、have/hasbeen（现在完成时）。例句1：Therewillbeameetingtomorrowmorning.（明天上午将有一场会议。）（一般将来时）例句2：Therehavebeengreatchangesinourcitysince2010.（2010年以来，我们的城市发生了巨大变化。）（现在完成时）3.特殊结构：Therebe+主语+非谓语（doing/done/todo）主语与非谓语是主动关系，用doing；主语与非谓语是被动关系，用done；表“将要发生”，用todo。例句1：Thereisagirlsinginginthenextroom.（隔壁房间有个女孩在唱歌。）（girl与sing是主动关系，用singing）例句2：Therearemanyproblemstobesolved.（有很多问题有待解决。）（problems与solve是被动关系，且表将来，用tobesolved）考点精讲讲练1．When______abouthissuddendecision,themanagersimplysmiledwithout______aword.A．asked;speaking B．asking;spoken C．toask;tospeak D．asks;speak【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句的省略和非谓语动词。句意：当被问及他突然做出的这一决定时，这位经理只是微微一笑，没有说话。根据选项内容和第一个空格前的连词when可知，逗号前的部分是when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，when引导的完整从句是Whenhewasaskedabouthissuddendecision，从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词was，符合状语从句省略的条件，省略从句的主语和be动词，所以第一个空格处用asked。由第二空格前的介词without可知，第二个空格处应该用动名词作宾语。故选A项。2．When________theproblem,youremotionskickin,fearkicksin,andyoudon’talwaysdotherationalandthought-outapproach.A．confrontedwith B．confrontingwith C．beingconfrontedwith D．confronting【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当面对这个问题时，你的情绪会爆发，恐惧会袭来，而且你并不总是会采取理性且深思熟虑的方法。beconfrontedwith是固定短语，表示“面对”，本句中when引导时间状语从句，省略了从句中的主语you和be动词，完整形式是Whenyouareconfrontedwiththeproblem，所以空处应用动词的过去分词形式。故选A。1．________isoftenthecase,thosewithoutworkingexperiencearelikelytobeturneddownwhen________forapost.A．It,applying B．It,applied C．As,applied D．As,applying2．Itwastheunwaveringdetermination________heshowedinadversity________impressedusalldeeply.A．that;what B．where;that C．that;that D．/;which3．Since________in2024,theelectricvehiclemodel,________over100,000units,________asymbolofgreentransportation.A．launching;sold;becoming B．havinglaunched;sold;hasbecomeC．beinglaunched;hassold;becoming D．launched;sold;hasbecome4．When________,youmustn’tspeakawordduringtheinterview.A．notasking B．beingnotasked C．notasked D．havingnotasked5．Itwashisrefusaltocooperatewiththeinvestigation________ledto________ofinvolvementinthecase.A．which;himbeingsuspected B．that;hisbeingsuspectedC．which;hewassuspected D．that;hissuspected6．Somepsychologistssuggestthatwhen________withadifficulttask,onecouldimprovehisperformancewhenmentallyimagininghimself________well.A．facing;performing B．faced;performingC．faced;toperform D．facing;havingperformed7．________withhisslippersonwhenheheardtheterriblenoise.A．Rushedheout B．OutrushedheC．Outherushed D．Outdidherush8．Hardly______theclassroomwhenthebell______fortheendoftheexam.A．hadheleft;rang B．hehadleft;hadrung C．hasheleft;rings D．hehasleft;hasrung9．—Ididn’tparticipateinthediscussions.—________.A．SocanI B．NordoI C．NeitherdidI D．SodoI10．He_________

hisself-controlandacalmmind________violence.A．conserved;infaceofthreaten B．conserved;underthreatofC．preserved;whenthreateningto D．preserved;whenthreatenedwith一、单项选择1．Notonly______tostayathome,buthewasalsoforbiddentoseehisfriends.A．hewasforcing B．hewasforced C．washeforcing D．washeforced2．Hardly______down,______hesteppedin.A．hadIsat,than B．Ihadsat,when C．hadIsat,then D．hadIsat,when3．Sittinginthelecturehall_________agroupofeagerstudents,_________attentionfocusedontheexpert’lecture.A．were,their B．was,whose C．was,their D．were,whose4．Outoftheroom______,hisfaceflushedwithrage,eyesblazinglikehotcoals.A．didtheangrymanstorm B．stormedtheangrymanC．stormedhe D．didhestorm5．Inthecenterofourschoolourlibrary,whichisbetweenthegardenandtheteachingbuilding.A．lying B．lay C．lie D．lies6．Onthewall________anoticeboardthatsays:“Pleasekeepatwo-meterdistancefromeachotherwhenyouareliningup”.A．hangs B．ishanged C．hanging D．hung7．Onlywhenstudents_____willingtolearn_____beactiveinlearningactivities.A．willbecome;theycan B．become;theycanC．willbecome;canthey D．become;canthey8．Only________theimportanceofenvironmentalprotection________inharmonywithnature.A．realizing;canwelive B．whenwerealize;canweliveC．werealize;wecanlive D．dowerealize;wecanlive9．Nor________toimagine________itsnativeinhabitantsexistedinperfectharmonywiththeirnaturalhabitatforthousandsofyears.A．theywouldfail;what B．theywouldfail;howC．wouldtheyfail;how D．wouldtheyfail;what10．________inthepast,atthemomentitisafavoritechoiceforweddinggown.A．Unpopularaswaswhite B．MuchaswhitewasunpopularC．Aswhitewasunpopular D．Unpopularaswhitewas11．Onlywhenshereceivedtheinvitationtokissbirthdayparty______theolddressoutofthewardrobeandtriediton,only______itdidn’tfit.A．shehastaken;tobefound B．didshetake;tofindC．shehadtaken;finding D．hadshetaken;tofind12．________

attherailwaystationwhenitbegantorain.A．Hardlyhadhearrived B．HardlyhehadarrivedC．Nosoonerdidhearrive D．Nosoonerarrivedhe13．_________,itisquiteeasytodrillaholeinitwithaneraser.A．HardadiamondisB．HardasadiamondisC．AsadiamondishardD．Howhardisadiamond14．________thatitwasmadeintoafilm.A．SogreatthesuccessofthebookwasB．SosuccessfulthebookwasC．SothebookwassuccessfulD．Sogreatwasthesuccessofthebook15．Lifeishardatpresent.Hardly______by______somepriceorothergoingup.A．adaygoes;withB．adaygoes;withoutC．doesanydaygo;withD．doesanydaygo;without16．—______thathedidn’tdaretomoveaninch.—So______,andso______you,ifyouwereinthedark.A．Sofrightenedwashe;washe;would B．Hewassofrightened;hewas;wereC．Sofrightenedwashe;hewas;would D．Sofrightenedhewas;washe;were17．Unless______tospeak,mosthighschoolstudentsherepreferremainingsilentinclass.A．invited B．inviting C．toinvite D．havinginvited18．When______amistake,youngpeopleshouldbebraveenoughtoadmititratherthantheotherwayround.A．made B．tomake C．making D．hadmade19．Whendeeply________inwork,________wasoftenthecase,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A．absorbing;that B．absorbing;which C．absorbed;it D．absorbed;as20．When________,thelibrarywillbeopentothepublicnextmonth.A．completed B．completing C．beingcompleted D．tobecompleted21．WhatIwouldlike______nowis______mybadhabitsandmakeupformylosttime.A．doing;tobreak B．todo;breakingC．doing;breaking D．todo;break22．Pleasedon’tstandupinclassuntilyou______.A．weretoldto B．aretoldC．aretoldto D．weretold23．—Haveyouwateredtheflowers?—No，but________.A．Iam B．I’mgoingC．I’mjustgoingto D．Iwillgo24．Iyoucanfinishtheexamintwohours.A．doesbelieve B．dobelieve C．didbelieved D．dobelieved25．Carsmovedveryslowlyinthe1930s，butthey________fasterthaninthe1920s.A．weremoving B．didmoveC．hadmoved D．wouldmove26．I________myhomework,butIleftit________athome.A．dofinish;behind B．dofinish;out C．didfinish;out D．didfinish;behind27．—I’msorry.Ishouldn’thavebeenshoutingatyou.—You________yourtemperbutthat’sallright.A．havelost B．hadlost C．werelosing D．didlose28．To

_________creditthefourcountries_________worktogetherinsomeareas.A．their;do B．them;does C．its;did D．they;todo29．ItwasbecauseLaurapostedsomefalseinformationontheInternet________shewasarrested.A．that B．where C．which D．so30．Itwasnotsomuchtheopportunitiesshegot______thewaythatsheseizedandmadethemostofthem______madehersucceed.A．but;that B．as;that C．nor;which D．like;which31．________wasn’tuntilweeachwentourseparatewaysthatIbegantolearnhowtodothingsformyself.A．What B．It C．That D．As32．—Wasitbycuttingdownstaffshesavedthefirm?—No,itwasbyimprovingworkefficiency.A．when B．what C．how D．that33．Itwasduringthe2025SpringFestivaltravelrush,whichwasexpectedtoseearecord9billiondomesticjourneys,________thegovernmentrolledoutvariousmeasurestoensuresmoothtransportation.A．when B．which C．where D．that34．Itwasintheremotevillage_______hegrewup_______hedevelopedhislovefornature.A．that;that B．where;that C．that;that D．where;where35．Itwasinthatsmall,cozycoffeeshopbytheriverthetwooldfriendsreunitedafteryearsofseparation.Theysharedmanymemoriesandlaughedalot.A．where B．which C．when D．that36．________inthefuturetobridgethegendergapanddiversityinthescientificfield?A．Doyousuggestwhatwecando B．WhatdoyousuggestthatweshoulddoC．Doyousuggestwhatcanwedo D．Whatdoyousuggestwedo37．—Wehaven’theardfromuncleWangforsuchalongtime.—Whatdoyousuppose______tohim?A．tohappen B．havinghappened C．happened D．thathappened38．Mrs.Wu,adormkeeperattheuniversity,deliveredawonderfulspeech,_______ofgreatsignificancetostudents.A．Ithinkitwas B．whichIthinkwas C．whatIthinkwas D．whichIthinkitwas39．Therewon’tbeanytrouble,________?A．willthere B．willit C．bethere40．—Listen！There’sastrangenoiseoverthere.—There_______somedangerousanimals,let’srunaway！A．willbe B．couldhave C．willhave D．mightbe二、语法填空1阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Beijingrecentlymadetechnologicalhistorybyhostingtheworld’sfirsthalf-marathonforhumanoidrobots,markingasignificantmilestoneinroboticsdevelopment.Twentyteamsfromtopuniversitiesandtechfirmsparticipated,withsixrobots41(complete)the21-kilometerrace.Thewinner,TiangongUltra,finisheditinjust2hoursand40minutes.Thisgroundbreaking42(compete)representedacrucialtransitionfromcontrolledlaboratorytestingtoreal-worldapplication.Unlikeartificiallabenvironments,themarathon’sunpredictableoutdoorconditionstestedtherobots’adaptabilityandendurancecapabilities.Beyondsports,suchrobotsarealreadyinuse—forexample,thespecializedinspectionrobots43(develop)byChinaSouthernPowerGrid,canoperate44(reliable)intemperatureextremesrangingfrom40°Cto80°Cwhilemaintainingpowerlinesinremote45(mountain)regions.Sincethebeginningofthisyear,ChinesetechgiantslikeXiaomiandHuawei,wellawareoftheopportunities,46(join)forceswithautomotiveleadersincludingTeslaandToyotain47hasbecomeaninternationalracetoadvancethistechnology.However,expertscautionthat48rapidprogress,significanttechnicalhurdlesremain.MostrobotscurrentlyoperateatLevel2autonomybutachievingLevel4—fullindependence—needsbreakthroughsinAIdecision-making.Forstudentsconsideringfuturecareersintechnology,humanoidroboticsrepresentsoneofthemostexcitingandpromisingfields49maytransformindustriesanddailylife.50successfulBeijingmarathonservesasbothatestamenttohowfarwehavecomeandspreviewoftheremarkableinnovationsstilltocome.2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ashortsoftbrushconnectedtoalonghardhandle—asimpleChinesewritingbrush(毛笔)candescribethemostcomplicatedidea.Perhapsthewritingbrushisoneofthefewtoolsinventedbyhumansthatissopracticalyetsorichinsymbolicmeaningsover51(century).Itnotonly52(express)commonpeople’sfeelings,butalsorecordedhistoryandcreatedthemostrefinedartandliteratureofthisculture,greatly53(influence)thedevelopmentpathofChinesecivilization.ThewritingbrushisnotonlyasymbolofChineseculture,butalsothe54(create)ofChineseculture.MengTian,agreatgeneral(将军)oftheQinstate,haslongbeenconsidered55theforefather(祖先)ofthewritingbrush.Oneday,hewasouthunting.Hesawthatthetailof56unluckyrabbithadleftatrailofbloodontheground,57inspiredhimtomakethefirstChinesewritingbrushinhistory.58(actual),thehistoryoftheChinesebrushdatesbackatleast6,000years.Archaeologicalevidence(考古证据)showsthatmorethan6,000yearsago,peoplelivingintheBanposite,10kilometerseastoftoday’sXi’an,Shaanxiprovince,59(use)brushestodrawpatternsandlines.However,inthelate20thcentury,withthewidespreadadoptionofmodernpens,writingbrushesbegantolosetheirlong-standingimportance.60(protect)thisancientcraft,HuBrushmadeinHuzhouwaslistedinthefirstbatchofnationalintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产)in2006.3阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Allhumansocietiesplaygames.Kickingaballcanbefoundeverywherewhetherjustaballofcloth,oraskin61(stuff)withfeathersorair.Butcomplexgamesandteamsportshavetended62(arise)inbigcivilizations—the63(high)theculturallevelofasocietyis,thegreaterthecomplexityofinteractionis,andhenceperhapsthemorecomplextheformsofsportsare.Thisisnotalways64case.TheancientGreeks,forexample,65(prefer)individualnotteamsports.ButinChinaforwellover2,000years,peopleplayedthegameof“kickball”—cuju.Cujuwasplayedasanentertainmentinimportantsituationssuchasthe66(receive)offoreignambassadors.Evenemperorsplayedkickball.InaConfuciansociety,kickboxingclubsvaluedmercyandpoliteness,asyou’dexpect.Agreatplayerwasone67showed“thespiritofthegame”.The“TenEssentialsofKickball”includedrespectforotherplayers,politebehavior68teamspirit.Therewastobenoungentlemanlybehavior,nodangerousplay,andnohogging(独占)theball.Inotherwords,asweusedtosay,“Playupandplaythegame.”WhatacontrastwiththeancientGreekathleticswhereonlyvictorycountedandifthatneededtrickeryorcruelprofessionalfouls(犯规),thatwouldbeacceptable!69awayofnationalcultureprotection,cuju70(list)intoChina’sfirstgroupofintangibleculturalheritagein2006.4阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The19thAsianGames,heldinHangzhouin2023,wasanevent71greatimportancethatbroughttogetherathletesandfansfromalloverAsia.Thisinternationalsportseventnotonlywasaplaceforsportscompetition72acelebrationofAsianculturesandunity.Theopeningceremonyofthe19thAsianGameswasawonderfulshowthatcloselycombinedadvancedtechnologywithHangzhou’srichculturalhistory.Oneofthemostattractivepartswasthevirtualfireworkdisplay.Thisnewthingofthedigitalageaddedasenseofmodernityandsurprisetotheceremony,73(draw)theattentionoftheworldandsettinganewstandardforbigeventopenings.AthletesfromdifferentAsiancountrieshadfiercecompetitions.Theyshowedgreatsportsskills,74(determine),andsportsspirit.75theywantedwasnotjusttowinmedals;instead,theytriedtobuildbridgesoffriendshipandmutualrespectamongcountries.The76(volunteer),wearingbrightuniforms,wereeverywhere.Theygavewarmwelcomes,providedhelpfulinformation,andhelpedwithallkindsoftasks,fromshowingtheaudiencethewayto77(help)athleteswithwhattheyneeded.Theirfriendlyand78(profession)waysmadeeveryparticipantfeelathome.Insummary,the19thAsianGamesinHangzhouwasagreatsuccess.It79(leave)alastingmemoryforall80tookpartandsetagoodexampleforfutureinternationalsportsevents.

专题09特殊句式目录目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句、therebe句型进阶分级练必备知识梳理 1点二：集合间的基本关系 4考点四：充分条件与必要条件 6考点五：全称量词与存在量词 7实战能力训练 高考学考英语对特殊句式的考查聚焦核心语法规则与语境应用能力，以倒装句、强调句、省略句和祈使句为核心考点，强调对句式结构的精准识别与规范运用。命题依托考纲要求，既覆盖基础规则记忆，如倒装句中否定词前置、only修饰状语从句时的部分倒装规则，也注重语法知识在语境中的灵活迁移，要求考生能结合句子逻辑判断句式类型并补充正确成分。从考查价值看，这一板块既检测基础语法功底，也为写作中的句式优化提供支撑，恰当运用倒装、强调等句式可提升表达的精准度与层次感。在考查形式与命题趋势上，特殊句式多渗透于语篇型填空、阅读理解等题型中，近年全国卷更倾向于在语篇语境中设置考点。语篇型填空中常考查倒装句的助动词补充、强调句中that的运用等显性考点。从考频看，祈使句、省略句在近三年真题中出现频次较高，倒装句和强调句虽偶有间断，但始终是备考重点，且命题逐渐弱化孤立语法考查，更强调与语篇意义的结合。备考要求上，考生需构建清晰的句式知识体系，明确不同句式的核心特征与适用场景：倒装句需区分完全倒装（如therebe句型、地点状语前置）与部分倒装（如否定词前置、so/such...that...结构）的规则边界，强调句要掌握被强调成分的判断方法及疑问句式变式，省略句则需精准识别状语从句中主语和be动词的省略条件。同时需结合真题强化应用训练，针对易错点重点突破——如倒装句中助动词的时态匹配、强调句与定语从句的辨析、省略成分的逻辑补充等。通过"规则记忆+语境分析+错题复盘"的路径，既能应对客观题中的语法检测，也能在写作中灵活运用特殊句式增强表达效果。特殊句式是高考英语语法的核心考点之一，主要包括倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句、therebe句型等的特殊情况。以下针对每种句式进行详细拆解，结合高考学考高频考法举例说明，帮助同学们精准掌握。一、倒装句（Inversion）倒装句指将句子的部分或全部谓语提到主语之前，分为完全倒装和部分倒装，常考语境包括否定词开头、“only+状语”开头、so/neither/nor表指代等。1.完全倒装（主谓完全颠倒）适用情况：表示地点、方位的副词（here,there,up,down,in,out等）或介词短语（onthewall,underthetree等）置于句首，且主语为名词（非代词）。例句1：Herecomestheschoolbus.（校车来了。）（正常语序：Theschoolbuscomeshere.主语“theschoolbus”是名词，here置于句首引发完全倒装）例句2：Onthetopofthemountainstandsanoldtemple.（山顶上矗立着一座古老的寺庙。）（正常语序：Anoldtemplestandsonthetopofthemountain.介词短语作状语置于句首，主语为名词，用完全倒装）2.部分倒装（助动词/情态动词提到主语前）(1)否定词及否定短语开头常见否定词：never,hardly,seldom,rarely,little,nowhere等；否定短语：atnotime,innoway,bynomeans,undernocircumstances等。例句：NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulsunset.（我从未见过如此美丽的日落。）（正常语序：Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulsunset.never置于句首，助动词have提到主语I前，部分倒装）(2)“only+状语”开头状语可为副词、介词短语或状语从句，注意：only修饰主语时不倒装。例句1：Onlybyworkinghardcanweachieveourgoals.（只有努力工作，我们才能实现目标。）（only+介词短语作状语，助动词can提到主语we前）例句2：Onlywhenhereturneddidweknowthetruth.（直到他回来，我们才知道真相。）（only+状语从句，助动词did提到主语we前）(3)so/neither/nor表“也（不）”so用于肯定句，neither/nor用于否定句，需部分倒装。例句1：Shelikesreadingnovels,sodoI.（她喜欢读小说，我也喜欢。）（正常语序：Ialsolikereadingnovels.so表“也”，助动词do提到主语I前）例句2：Hedidn’tfinishhishomework,nordidhissister.（他没完成作业，他妹妹也没完成。）（nor表“也不”，助动词did提到主语hissister前）二、强调句（EmphaticSentence）高考高频考点为Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分，被强调部分可为主语、宾语、状语（时间、地点、原因等），需注意时态一致和连接词选择。1.基本结构(1)强调主语（人）：Itis/was+人+who/that+其他例句：ItwasTomwhohelpedmewithmyEnglishyesterday.（昨天是汤姆帮我学英语的。）（被强调部分“Tom”是人，可用who或that，原句：TomhelpedmewithmyEnglishyesterday.）(2)强调宾语/状语（物/时间/地点等）：Itis/was+被强调部分+that+其他例句1：ItisthisbookthatIwanttobuy.（我想买的就是这本书。）（强调宾语“thisbook”，原句：Iwanttobuythisbook.）例句2：Itwasin2020thathestartedhiscollegelife.（他是在2020年开始大学生活的。）（强调时间状语“in2020”，原句：Hestartedhiscollegelifein2020.）2.易错点：与定语从句的区别强调句中，去掉“Itis/was...that/who”后，句子仍完整；定语从句中，关系词在句中作成分，去掉后句子不完整。例句1（强调句）：Itistheparkthatwevisitedlastweek.（我们上周去的就是这个公园。）（去掉Itis...that：Wevisitedtheparklastweek.句子完整，是强调句）例句2（定语从句）：Thisistheparkthatwevisitedlastweek.（这是我们上周去的公园。）（去掉that：Thisistheparkwevisitedlastweek.虽可省略关系词，但原句中that作宾语，是定语从句）三、省略句（Ellipsis）为避免重复、使句子简洁，常省略句子中已知或不必要的成分，高考常考状语从句省略、不定式省略、对话中的省略。1.状语从句省略（主从句主语一致，且从句含be动词）省略“主语+be动词”，保留“连词+分词/形容词/介词短语”。例句1：While(hewas)waitingforthebus,hereadanewspaper.（等公交车时，他看了一份报纸。）（主从句主语均为“he”，从句含was，省略“hewas”）例句2：If(itis)necessary,youcancallmeatanytime.（如果有必要，你可以随时给我打电话。）（从句主语“it”与主句主语“you”不一致，但从句含is，可省略“itis”，属于固定省略）2.不定式省略（保留to，省略后面的动词）当不定式短语再次出现，且动词与前文一致时，可省略动词，保留to。例句：—Willyougotothepartywithme?（你愿意和我一起去派对吗？）—Yes,I’dloveto(gotothepartywithyou).（愿意，我很乐意去。）（省略“gotothepartywithyou”，保留to）四、祈使句（ImperativeSentence）表示命令、请求、建议或警告，主语常为you（省略），谓语用动词原形，否定式在动词前加don’t。1.肯定式例句1：Openthewindow,please.（请打开窗户。）（表请求）例句2：Studyhardfortheexam.（为考试努力学习。）（表建议）2.否定式例句1：Don’ttalkinthelibrary.（不要在图书馆里说话。）（表警告）例句2：Don’tforgettotakeyourumbrella.（别忘了带伞。）（表提醒）3.特殊形式：let开头结构：Let+宾语+动词原形（+其他），表“让某人做某事”。例句：Let’sgoforawalkafterdinner.（晚饭后我们去散步吧。）（let’s=letus，表提议）五、感叹句（ExclamatorySentence）表达强烈的情感（喜悦、惊讶、愤怒等），高考常考两种结构：What引导和How引导。1.What引导（修饰名词）结构：What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语！例句1：Whatabeautifulfloweritis!（这是一朵多么漂亮的花啊！）（修饰可数名词单数“flower”）例句2：Whatdeliciousfooditis!（这是多么美味的食物啊！）（修饰不可数名词“food”）2.How引导（修饰形容词、副词或动词）结构：How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！How+主语+谓语！（修饰动词）例句1：Howfastheruns!（他跑得真快啊！）（修饰副词“fast”）例句2：Howhappytheyare!（他们多开心啊！）（修饰形容词“happy”）例句3：Howwemissourhometown!（我们多么想念家乡啊！）（修饰动词“miss”）六、Therebe句型表示“某地有某物”，核心是“存在有”，区别于“have/has”（表“所属有”），常考时态变化、主谓一致及“therebe+非谓语”结构。1.基本结构：Therebe+主语+地点状语be动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定（就近原则）。例句1：Thereisadeskandtwochairsintheroom.（房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。）（主语“adesk”是单数，be动词用is，就近原则）例句2：Therearetwochairsandadeskintheroom.（房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。）（主语“twochairs”是复数，be动词用are，就近原则）2.时态变化根据时间状语调整be动词时态，常见时态：is/are（一般现在时）、was/were（一般过去时）、willbe（一般将来时）、have/hasbeen（现在完成时）。例句1：Therewillbeameetingtomorrowmorning.（明天上午将有一场会议。）（一般将来时）例句2：Therehavebeengreatchangesinourcitysince2010.（2010年以来，我们的城市发生了巨大变化。）（现在完成时）3.特殊结构：Therebe+主语+非谓语（doing/done/todo）主语与非谓语是主动关系，用doing；主语与非谓语是被动关系，用done；表“将要发生”，用todo。例句1：Thereisagirlsinginginthenextroom.（隔壁房间有个女孩在唱歌。）（girl与sing是主动关系，用singing）例句2：Therearemanyproblemstobesolved.（有很多问题有待解决。）（problems与solve是被动关系，且表将来，用tobesolved）考点精讲讲练1．When______abouthissuddendecision,themanagersimplysmiledwithout______aword.A．asked;speaking B．asking;spoken C．toask;tospeak D．asks;speak【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句的省略和非谓语动词。句意：当被问及他突然做出的这一决定时，这位经理只是微微一笑，没有说话。根据选项内容和第一个空格前的连词when可知，逗号前的部分是when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式，when引导的完整从句是Whenhewasaskedabouthissuddendecision，从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词was，符合状语从句省略的条件，省略从句的主语和be动词，所以第一个空格处用asked。由第二空格前的介词without可知，第二个空格处应该用动名词作宾语。故选A项。2．When________theproblem,youremotionskickin,fearkicksin,andyoudon’talwaysdotherationalandthought-outapproach.A．confrontedwith B．confrontingwith C．beingconfrontedwith D．confronting【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当面对这个问题时，你的情绪会爆发，恐惧会袭来，而且你并不总是会采取理性且深思熟虑的方法。beconfrontedwith是固定短语，表示“面对”，本句中when引导时间状语从句，省略了从句中的主语you和be动词，完整形式是Whenyouareconfrontedwithth