专题10 并列句和状语从句（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义江苏专用）（原卷版及全解全析）

专题10并列句和状语从句目目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练考点一并列连词和连词短语的用法1.连词and.or,so,for.but的用法and表并列或顺承关系用于“祈使句，and+陈述句”结构or意为“或者”，表示任选其一意为“否则”，用于“祈使句，or+陈述句”结构so表示因果关系for表示原因，及附带理由but“但是”，表转折关系2.并列连词短语neither…nor…,either…or…,both…and…,notonly…butalso…的用法neither--nor-既不--也不,谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”either--or--或者--或者--，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”both--and--两者都，谓语动词用复数形式notonly--butalso不但--而且-，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”【温馨提示】neither...nor,either...or,notonly...butalso连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词要和最近的主语保持一致，即就近原则；both...and连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词只能用复数。Notonlyisheateacher,butheis(also)apoet.EithershegoesorIgo.

Neitherdoeshesmokenordoeshedrink.【延伸拓展】连词的分类1.and,both...and...,neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...，aswellas表并列、递进或顺承关系2.but,yet,nevertheless表转折关系3.either...or...，not...but...,or,orelse,ratherthan表选择关系4.for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首),so表因果关系5.祈使句+and+陈述句，and表顺承；祈使句+or+陈述句，or表转折and与or用并列句Sticktoyourprinciples,andyouwillwinthrough.Seizethechance,oryou'llregret.6.while强调对比关系，意为“然而；而”表对比Goodhabitsalwaysleadtohighefficiency,whilebadonesleadtotheopposite.7.并列连词when构成的句型(1)sb.isdoing…

when…

某人正在做……这时/突然……(2)sb.isabouttodo/onthepointofdoing…

when…

某人正要做……这时/突然……(3)sb.had(just)done…

when…

某人刚刚做……就……IwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenIheardadrowningboycryingforhelp.Iwasabouttogiveupwhenmybestfriendencouragedmetogoon.ShewasonthepointofleavingwhenIarrived.Shehadjustlaiddownwhenthetelephonerang.

考点二时间状语从句1.when,while,as引导的时间状语从句when从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。译为“当……时；在……期间”。while从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。Pleasedon'ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.在别人工作的时候，请别这么大声音说话。Astimegoeson,it'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越温暖了。注意：如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when/while/as可以互换使用。while表示“在……期间”，从句中常用延续性动词。when还可表原因，意为“既然”。2.before与since引导的时间状语从句(1)before与since的常用句式。连词常用句式beforeItwillbe＋一段时间＋before...过……时间才……Itwillnotbe/wasnotlong＋before...不久就会/没多久就……Itwas＋时间段＋before...过了……(时间)才……sinceItis/hasbeen＋一段时间＋since...(从句用一般过去时)Itwas＋一段时间＋since...(从句用过去完成时)Itwillbefourhoursbeforehisflightarrives.要过四个小时之后，他的航班才会抵达。Itwastenyearsbeforethecouplemetagain.十年之后，这对夫妇才再次相见。since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动词所表示的动作开始时算起；若用延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语的动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。Itisfouryearssincethewarbrokeout.自战争爆发以来已有四年了。“Itbe＋时间状语＋that＋其他”构成强调句型，意思是“正是在某一时间发生了某事”。Itwasateighto'clockthatwegothome.正是在八点我们到了家。(4)“Itbe＋时间点＋when从句”表示“某事发生在什么时间”，it指代时间。Itwassixo'clockwhenwegothome.当我们到家的时候六点了。表示“一......就......”assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)从句中常用一般时态代替将来时。“on＋v.­ing”和“on＋one's＋n.”结构。当v.­ing和n.在意义上相对应时，这两个结构可以互换。nosooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...句型的时态运用：主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把nosooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。Themomentmyauntgainedherdiplomaafterfouryearsofhardwork，shewasfilledwithjoy.我姑姑苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.→Nosoonerhadhefinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.→Hardlyhadhefinishedhisspeechwhenthestudentsstartedcheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。4.till,until和not...until引导的时间状语从句(1)“延续性动词(肯定式)＋until/till”表示“动作延续到……为止”。(2)“瞬间动词/延续性动词(否定式)＋until/till”表示“直到……才发生”。(3)强调句型：Itis/wasnotuntil...that...Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething，youmayresearch，study，andtalktootherpeopleuntilyoufigureitout.如果你有不懂的东西，你可以研究、学习以及和其他人进行交谈，直到你把它弄明白。Shedidn’tstartthelessonuntilthepupilssettleddown.直到学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。易错点：(1)till不可以置于句首，而until可以。(2)notuntil置于句首，主句要用倒装结构。5.everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thelasttime等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……，每次……，下次……，上次……”等。考点三条件状语从句1.if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(＝if...not)表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。2.incase,onconditionthat,providing(that),provided(that)，supposing(that),suppose(that)等词汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在……条件下”。3.aslongas(＝solongas)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”。4.在“祈使句＋and/or/orelse/otherwise＋陈述句”句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。5.ifonly“如果……就好了”和onlyif“只有”也可以引导条件状语从句。但是当onlyif置于句首时，主句部分倒装。You’llfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。IfonlyIwereascleverasyou.我要是像你一样聪明就好了。Suppose/Supposing(that)theyrefuseus,whoelsecanweturntoforhelp?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？考点四让步状语从句1.although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句though/althoughthough引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装；though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。asas引导的从句必须用倒装语序：表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他，若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。whilewhile引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。(√)Smartthough/assheis，shedoesn'tstudyhard.(√)Although/Thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。Hesaidhewouldcome；hedidn't，though.他说他会来，可是没有来。WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon'tagreethattheycannotbesolved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我并不认为这些问题不能解决。2.evenif与eventhough引导的让步状语从句evenif/eventhough引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。Timisingoodshapephysicallyeventhough/evenifhedoesn'tgetmuchexercise.蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。Eventhough/ifitrainstomorrow,we'llgothere.(陈述语气)即使明天下雨，我们也要去那里。EvenifIwantedtomarryyou,myparentswouldnotagree.(虚拟语气)即使我想和你结婚，我父母也不会同意。3.“疑问词＋­ever”引导的让步状语从句wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋­ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于nomatterwhere(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。However/Nomatterhowhardyoutry，itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。易错点：whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever还可以引导名词性从句。Youcantakewhateveryoulike.(宾语从句)你喜欢什么就可以拿什么。4.whether...or...引导的让步状语从句whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。Allpeople，whethertheyareoldoryoung，richorpoor，havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。Whethershecomeshereorwegothere,thetopicofthediscussionwillremainunchanged.不管是她来这儿还是我们去那儿，讨论的话题都不会变。考点五地点状语从句地点状语从句是指在复合句中作地点状语的从句，表示空间关系，可置于句首、句中或句末，通常由从属连词where,wherever等引导。WeshouldgowherethePartyneedsusmost.我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。Youarefreetogowhereveryoulike.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。考点六目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词有：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase(以防)，lest等。1.sothat与inorderthat这两个连词都表示“为了，以便”，引导的目的状语从句常与情态动词can,could，may,might等连用。inorderthat引导的从句可以置于主句之前或之后，而sothat引导的从句只能置于主句之后。2.forfearthat表示“生怕，以免”，incase表示“以防”。Speakloudersothat/inorderthatthepeopleinthehallcanallhearyou.大点声讲，以便大厅里的人都能听见。Inorderthatwegetthereontime，weshouldsetoutearly.为了准时赶到那里，我们应该早点出发。Batteriesmustbekeptindryplacesforfearthatelectricityshouldleakaway.电池应该放在干燥的地方，以免漏电。I'llkeepaseatforyouincaseyoushouldchangeyourmind.我给你留个座位，没准儿你会改变主意。考点七原因状语从句1.引导原因状语从句的连词主要有：because,as,since等。并列连词for也可表示原因。每个连词的含义不尽相同。连词位置内涵语气回答why被强调because(因为)主句前或后直接因果关系强能能as(由于)主句前或后双方都知道的原因弱不能不能since/nowthat(既然)通常位于主句前for(因为)位于句后用于补充说明的原因弱不能不能Hewascriticizedbytheteacher,becausehewaslateforclass.因为他迟到了，老师批评了他。Ican'tgowithyou,asIhavealotofworktodo.我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。Sinceeveryoneishere,wecanbeginourdiscussion.既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。2.when(既然)，也可以引导原因状语从句。Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldwalkthereinfiveminutes.既然步行5分钟就能到那里，你却去乘出租汽车，真够愚蠢的。3.其他词引导的原因状语从句seeingthat(鉴于，由于),consideringthat(考虑到),inthat(因为)，nowthat既然,giventhat考虑到,forthereasonthat因为Nowthatyouareahighschoolstudent,youareresponsibleforwhatyoudo.既然是高中生了，你就要为你的行为负责。Seeing(that)herefusedtohelpus,there’snoreasonthatweshouldnowhelphim.他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们，我们现在没有理由来帮助他。Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。考点八结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的引导词或短语有sothat,so...that...,such...that...。1.结构形式eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(so＋形容词/副词＋that从句,so＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that从句,\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(so＋\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(many/few＋可数名词复数,much/little（少）＋不可数名词))))＋that从句))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(such＋形容词＋不可数名词,such＋形容词＋可数名词复数,))＋that从句,such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋that从句))2.当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。Socleverastudentwashethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于他能解决所有的难题。Suchwastheforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken.爆炸的威力如此巨大，以致所有的窗户都被震破了。考点一：并列连词和连词短语例1.—Didn’tyougiveadvicetoyourfriendonlearning?—Oh,notonlymyfriend________hisfriendsgotadvice.A.or B.and C.butalso D.until例2.You’llspeakEnglishwell________youkeeppracticing.A.though B.while C.if D.before例3.Iwouldhavebeenabletocatchthefirstflighthome,________mywatchbetrayedme.1.Trytobethemasterofyourlife.Lifeisahorseand________yourideit________itridesyou.A.either,or B.neither,nor C.both,and D.notonly,butalso2.Atruefriendcanseethepaininyoureyes________othersbelievethesmileonyourfaceA.because B.while C.before D.until3.Youwillpasstheexameasily________youstudyhard.A.if B.where C.why D.how4.Let’ssetoutrightnow,________wewillbelateforourflight.A.and B.or C.but D.so5.Sweetsnackscangiveusenergy,________theyarenothealthy.A.and B.or C.but D.then考点二：时间状语从句例1.—Whatwasthepartylike?—Wonderful.It’sbeenyears________Ienjoyedmyselfthatmuch.A.after B.before C.when D.since例2.Itwasevening________wereachedthelittletown.A.till B.that C.since D.before例3.Manywomenexperienceatimeofsadness________theygivebirthtoababy.1.________environmentaldamageisdone,ittakesmanyyearstorecover.A.Since B.While C.Before D.Once2.—________Igettotheairport,I’llphoneyou.—OK.I’llpickyouupthere.A.Since B.Assoonas C.Unless D.Although3.________hecamebackhomethatweknewwhathadhappened.A.Whenitwas B.Itwaswhen C.Wasitwhen D.Whenwasit4.—Whendidyougotobedlastnight?—Ididn’tgotobed________myfathergothome.A.whileB.afterC.whenD.until5.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret________someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.as B.until C.when D.while考点三：条件状语从句例1.Youwillpasstheexameasily________youstudyhard.A.if B.where C.why D.how例2.Theparkrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedtoplayontheslide,________accompaniedbyanadult.A.if B.when C.unless D.since例3.________youeatthecorrectfoodswillyoubeabletokeepfitandstayhealthy.A.Eventhough B.Ifonly C.Onlywhen D.Onlyif1.Ifit________raintomorrow,we________gohiking.A.don't,will B.won't,areC.won't,will D.doesn't,will2.Hewillgetajobmoreeasily________hemakeshiscomputerskillsbetter.A.if B.before C.while D.though3.It'snotawasteoftimeandenergy________yougainexperiencerelatedtoyourjob.A.evenif B.eversince C.aslongas D.asthough4.Wewillgoonanoutingtomorrow________itdoesn'train.A.until B.while C.unless D.if7.We'llhaveapicnicintheparkthisSunday________itrainsorit'sverycold.A.since B.if C.unless D.until考点四：让步状语从句例1.________difficultmylifemaybe,Iwillnevergiveintothefate.例2.Allpeople,________theyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.例3.________yougo,youwillalwaysfindpeoplewhoarekindandwillingtohelp.A.Wherever B.Whenever C.Whatever D.Whichever1.________DavidBeckhamgoes,heisalwayswelcome.A.Whichever B.However C.Wherever D.Whatever2.________themanisn’tveryrich,hegivesalargeamountofmoneytothestudentseveryyear.A.Though B.Since C.Unless D.If3.Davidstillworkshard________hehasmadegreatprogress.A.because B.though C.unless D.if4.Someteenscannotbecontrolledbytheirparents,________theparentstryhardtocontrolthem.A.evenif B.asthough C.nowthat D.incase5.________,healwaysmakestimeforhisfamily.A.Nomatterheisbusy B.NomatterhowbusyheisC.Howeverheisbusy

D.Howeverbusyishe考点五：地点和原因状语从句例1.Youarealwayslookingforyourkeys.Remembertoleavethings________youcanfindthemnexttime.A.what B.which C.where D.how例2.Hehasreadalotofbooksonarts________hewantstobeanartistinthefuture.A.because B.though C.once D.unless1.Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark________youhaveanyquestions.A.which B.that C.though D.where2.Hecamebacklate________therewassomethingwrongwithhiscar.A.because B.unless C.though D.otherwise3.Theydidn'tgocamping________itrainedheavily.A.because B.and C.so D.or4.________itissohot,Iguesswecan’tdoanythinguntilafterdark.A.Incase B.Nowthat C.Evenif D.Asthough考点六：目的,结果状语从句例1.Hespokesoquickly________hisstudentscouldn’tfollowhim.例2.StudentsshouldattendLabourCourses________theycanlearnsomelifeskills.A.if B.unless C.sothat D.inorderto1.Alltherestaurantsarelistedonthepaper________youcanchooseonetohaveluncheasily.A.although B.because C.sothat D.if2.Wewillsitinthefrontofthehall________wecanhearthespeakerclearly.A.soasto B.inorderto C.inorderthat D.suchthat3.Jimputatableandchairinthespareroom________hissoncouldhaveaprivateplacetostudy.A.evenif B.onlyif C.forfearthat D.inorderthat4.Theproblemis________difficultthat________studentscanworkitout.A.so;afew B.so;little C.so;few D.so;alittle一、单项选择1.Theparkrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedtoplayontheslide,________accompaniedbyanadult.A.if B.when C.unless D.since2.________themanisn’tveryrich,hegivesalargeamountofmoneytothestudentseveryyear.A.Though B.Since C.Unless D.If3.Aftercleaninguptheclassroom,Ifelttired________happy.A.nor B.but C.or D.so4.Mr.Blackwalkedaroundandofferedhelp________weweredoinganexperiment.A.while B.although C.until D.unless5.MymotherisalwayswarningmewhenIgoout,“Don’tgetoffthebus________itisstopping.”A.until B.before C.while D.after6.Ibelieveyouwillhaveawonderfultimehere________yougettoknoweveryoneelse.A.though B.asifC.once D.sothat7.________,Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.A.HoweverthestoryisamusingB.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.HoweveramusingthestoryisD.Nomatterhowthestoryisamusing8.Howcantheylearnsomuch________theyspendsuchalotoftimehangingabout?A.although B.whenC.before D.until9.Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsociety________ithaseveninfluencedourlanguage.A.what B.that C.which D.though10.________withheavyloadsofteaching________helaterbecameaneasytargetoftheflu.A.Sotiredwastheteacher；that B.Theteacherwassotired；whichC.Tiredastheteacher；that D.Suchwasthetiredteacher；which二、单句语法填空1.Wepost-2000sgenerationsarenotalostgeneration,________agenerationthatcancontributetothefutureofourcountry.2.Kidscantesttheirskills________comparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.3.Hehadbeenallowedtowearthecapforashortperiod,________(provide)hishandswerecleanwhenheputiton.4.________metwithskepticismatfirst,hisfindingsgraduallygainedacceptance.5.Youcan’tgotajob________you’vegotexperience.6.It’sbeenyears________theyweredustylittleroomswithbooks.7.Idreamedofenteringcycleraces________IflewtoSanDiegotovisitmysister.8.________Iwaswalkinginthepark,Imetanoldfriend.9.________talentedyou’vebeeninmusic,it’sstillnoteasytoorganizeaband,buthere’saquickguidetogetyoustarted.10.________thelionswereawakened,theyperformedalivelyflyingdance.一、阅读理解ADearEditor,AfterIattendedyoursummercampabouthealthandlifestylechoices,IrealisedIhardlyeverfeltwell,eitherphysicallyormentally.Ioftenfeltsleepyanddizzy,andlackedpassion.Mostworrying,though,Igottheflueasilyandexperiencedmanytoothaches,too.AttheendofthecampIheard,“Changetheworldbychangingyourself.”Thisstimulatedmymotivation.Adentistonceexaminedmeandtoldmethattoomuchsugarinmymealshaddamagedmyteethandhealth.Imadeupmymindtochangetwothingsinmylife:toeatnothingwithsugarandtoexerciseregularly.AfterthatIstoppedbuyingallthesweets,biscuits,andsugarydrinksthatIusedtohaveeveryday.WheneverIwentoutwithfriends,Ibroughtsnacksfromhome,thingsthatdidn’thaveanyaddedsugar:fruit,nuts,driedmeat,etc.Myexercisewasverysimple:Iwentoutsideeverydayforatleast30minutesanddidsomethingactive.SometimesIplayedtabletennisorbadmintonwithmycousins.OthertimesIjumpedonmyskateboardandrodearoundmyneighbourhood,orjusttookalongwalk.Theresultshavebeenfantastic.Ifeelmoredynamicandstrongerthanever,inbothbodyandmind.Isleepsoundlyatnightnow.Inolongersufferfromafluvirusortoothacheseither.Bestofall,inmyopinion,ishowIfeelaboutmyself.IfeellikeI’mincontrolofmyownlife.Tomakechoicesaboutmyselfiswithinmyownpower.ICANchangemyself.Ijustneedtotry.Yourstruly,WangLuDearEditor,AsItookpartinthesummercampaboutpersonallifechoices,Istartedtoanalysemychoices,especiallywhatIdidtorelaxandhowitwasaffectingmywholelife.Afterstartinghighschool,Ifeltstressedoutandalwaysrelaxedbyplayingcomputergames.IgotsoabsorbedthatIplayedthegamesdayandnight.Playingwasfun,butIfeltevenmorewornoutafterwards!Soafterthecamp,Irealisedthatitwasvery,veryimportanttoadjustmylifestyle.Idecidedtotakecontrolofmylifeandfindotherwaystorelax.ItwasabigstrugglenottojoinmyfriendsinplayingonlinegamesasI’mmadforthem.However,Irealisedthattosucceedinquitting,Ihadtoreplaceitwithsomethingelse.SoIthoughtaboutwhattotry.Rockclimbing,bowling,watchingcomedies,andplayingbasketballwerethethingsIthoughtofdoinginstead.NowmydadandIgorockclimbingtogethermonthly!Ithasenhancedthequalityofmylife,improvingmyhealthandincreasingmyhappiness.Igetrefreshedthroughclimbing,spendmoretimewithmydad,andgettomeetnewfriends.Aftersixmonthsoftryingoutnewwaysofrelaxing,Ifeelmuchmoreenergetic.IfeelthatIcanchangemyselfforthebetter.Andifthat’strueforme,thenitmighttrulybepossibletochangetheworldforthebetter.AsGandhisaid,“Bethechangeyouwanttoseeintheworld.”Sincerely,GeorgeFielding1.WhatdidWangLumostworryabout?A.Hernotfeelingwellphysically.B.Herfeelingdizzyandsleepy.C.Herlackingpassion.D.Hergettingthefluandtoothacheseasily.2.WhydidWangLudeterminetochangelifestylechoices?A.Thecampabouthealthandlifestylechoicesended.B.Shewasencouragedbywhatsheheardatthesummercamp.C.Sheintendedtochangetheworldbychangingherself.D.Herdentistgaveheralotofmotivation.3.WhatmadeGeorgeFieldingbecomeinvolvedinhisbadhabit?A.Attendingthesummercamp.B.Beingwornout.C.Beingundergreatpressureatschool.D.Havingnothingtodobutrelax.4.WhatdothetwostudentsWangLuandGeorgeFieldinghaveincommon?A.Theyhavegotridofbadhabitsandbecomeenergeticnow.B.Theyusedtolikeeatingtoomuchsugar.C.Theyusedtobeaddictedtoplayingcomputergames.BIn2021,my68-year-oldmotherwasdiagnosed(诊断)withAlzheimer’s(阿尔茨海默病).ByJanuary2023,she’dlostherabilitytocompleteeverydaytasks.Shewassetonstayinginherhomeandresistedthein-homecare.Iguesseditwasbecauseofwhatitrepresented:theacceptanceofadiseasethatwouldslowlyrobherofhermemoriesandtheabilitytotakecareofherself.Wehadtomakethehardchoiceoffindingheranursinghomeforhersafetyandwell-being.Butweknewshewouldn’tbeinterested.So,wemadeupanexcuse,tellingherthatitwasanopportunitytospendthewinternearmybrotherinsunnyFloridawhilelivingatanapartmentwehadarrangedforher.Mymumwasn’tthesoft,affectionatemotherIoftenlongedfor.Shehadnevershownortalkedaboutherfeelings,butshewasagreatexampleofahard-working,independent,entrepreneurialwoman.MybrotherandIbothhaveourownbusinesses,whichissomethingsheshoweduswaspossible.Sinceherdiagnosis,watchingherbattlewithacceptingwhatwashappeningtoherwasheartbreaking,butIalsofeltclosertoherwhenshebegantoexpressandshareherfeelingswithmelikeakid.Mybrotherarrivedtomeetusandwewereshowntoherapartment.Asmallkitchen,alivingroom,abathroom,andtwobedrooms—oneforher,andoneformeandmybrothertostayinwhenwevisited.Sheseemedhappyduringmovingin.Forthenext10days,Ilivedwithherthere.Wewenttomealstogether,reviewedtheactivityschedule,andIdroppedheroffandpickedheruplikeachildatschool.ThedaycamewhenIhadtoflyhome,andIcried.AsIshiftedfrombeingherdaughtertobeingmorelikeherparent,Irealizedhowhardbeingamothercanbe.5.Whymighttheauthor’smotherresistin-homecare?A.Shepreferredlivingalone.B.Shedislikedthecaregivers.C.Shefearedlosingindependence.D.SheintendedtomovetoFlorida.6.Howdidtheauthorandherbrotherconvincetheirmothertomovetothenursinghome?A.Theytoldherawhitelie.B.Theythreatenedhertogo.C.Theyofferedherafreeapartment.D.Theyagreedtokeephercompany.7.Whatkindofpersonwastheauthor’smotherbeforethediagnosis?A.Talkativeanddetermined. B.Reservedbutresponsible.C.Energeticandgentle. D.Creativebutcold.8.Howdoestheauthorfeelafterherrolechange?A.Confused. B.Content.C.Awkward. D.Appreciative.CAsnightfallsintherainforest,orangutans(猩猩)climbhighintothetreetopstobuildtreenests(巢).Thesecarefullyconstructedbedsprovidewarmth,comfort,andprotectionagainstnaturalenemiesandmosquitoes.Scientistshavelongbeencuriousabouthowyoungorangutanslearnsuchacomplexskill.Recentresearchshowsthattheylearnitthroughobservationandpractice—aprocessknownasobservationalsociallearning.Nest-buildingisessentialfororangutansurvival.Itisneitherpurelyinbornnorquicklymastered.Constructinganestrequiresphysicalstrength,cleverhands,anddecision-makingregardingmaterialsandstructure.Nightnestsareespeciallywell-designed,oftenfeaturinglinings,pillows,andevenroofs.Thismakesnest-buildingachallengingtask.Youngorangutansbegintoshowinterestinnest-buildingataroundsixmonthsold.Theystartpracticingsimpledaynestsataboutoneyearofage,butnightnestconstructionbeginsaroundagethreeandisnotfullymastereduntiltheyareabouteightyearsold.Moreadvancedskills,suchasbuildingacrossmultipletreesoraddingcomfortfeatures,developevenlater.Akeyfindingisthatyoungorangutanslearnprimarilybycloselywatchingtheirmothersbuildnests.Thosewhopaidcloseattentionweremorelikelytoattemptpracticesoonafterward.Simplybeingnearthemotherwithoutactiveobservationdidnothavethesameeffect.Thishighlightstheroleoffocusedattentioninsociallearning.Additionally,youngorangutanspayspecialattentiontocomplexaspectsofconstruction,suchasmulti-treesupportsandcomfortelements.Afterobservingthesechallengingsteps,theypracticethemmorefrequently.Astheygrowolder,theyalsoobserveothermembersofthegroup,broadeningtheirlearningsources.Materialselectionisalsosociallylearned.Youngorangutanstendtousethesametreespeciesastheirmothers.Astheygrowolder,theyexperimentwithothermaterials,butadultsoftenreturntothetreespeciestheirmothersused.Thisstudyhighlightsthatnest-buildingtraditionsareculturallypasseddownacrossgenerations.Thelossoforangutanpopulationsortheirhabitatscouldthereforemeanthedisappearanceofuniqueculturalknowledge.Thisresearchnotonlyshowstheintelligenceandculturalrichnessoforangutans,butalsoemphasizestheimportanceoftheirconservation.9.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheprocessofyoungorangutanslearningnest-building?A.Gradual. B.Painful. C.Inefficient. D.Independent.10.Howdoyoungorangutansmainlylearntobuildnests?A.Bytrialanderror. B.Byobservingtheirmothers.C.Throughnaturalbehavior. D.Fromotheryoungorangutans.11.Whatdoyoungorangutansfocusespeciallyonwhenlearningnest-building?A.Quicknest-buildingskills. B.Complexconstructionaspects.C.Simpledayneststructures. D.Raretreespeciesformaterials.12.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Habitsoforangutans. B.Thenecessityoflearning.C.Waystoprotectorangutans. D.Thesignificanceofthestudy.DIfsomeoneaskedwhetheryoulikethearts,you’dprobablysayyoudoatleastintheory.Accordingtoasurvey,morethantwo-thirdsofU.S.adultssaythearts“liftmeupbeyondeverydayexperiences”.However,only30percentattendedaconcertofanytypein2017;23percentwenttoanartmuseum.Fewerthanhalfactivelycreatedartofanykind.Themismatchcanboildowntothefactthatweareweigheddownbyourday-to-dayresponsibilities,leavingourschedulepacked.Maybeyouliketoplayalittlebackgroundmusicwhileyouworkordothechores,butevenbeforethepandemic,mostofusrarely,ifever,sawaliveperformance,letalonevisitedagalleryorwatchedaplay.Toooften,weletthedullrealityoflifegetinthewayofthearts.Butthisisamistake.Theartsaretheoppositeofanescapefromreality;theymightjustbethemostrealisticglimpseweevergetintothenatureandmeaningoflife.Ifyoumaketimeforconsumingandproducingtheartsthesamewayyoumaketimeforworkandexerciseandfamilycommitments,Iassureyouthatyou’llfindyourlifegettingfullerandhappier.Thinkofatimewhenyouheardapieceofmusicandwantedtocry.Ormaybeyourdizzinessstruckasyoucameoutfromanarrowsidestreetinanunfamiliarcity.Thereyoufoundyourselfinabeautifultownsquareasifinafantasy.Theyprobablystimulated(刺激)asuddenawakening,muchliketheshockfromalungfulofpureoxygenafterbreathinginsmoggyair.Ifyouareamongthepeoplewhofeelthattheartsarepurepleasurestoexperienceandparticipatein,youmightseethemasaluxuryite