专题13 阅读理解（二）（体裁突破）（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义江苏专用）（原卷版及全解全析）

专题13阅读理解(二)(体裁突破)目目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练考点一应用文应用文体裁包括：广告(分商业广告和公益广告)、启事、书影评、传单海报、说明书和备忘录。其中，广告、启事和书影评出现频率最高。考查题型除细节题外，主要有：“purpose”类、“mainidea/mainlyabout”类、“title”类。“purpose”类题目的四个选项常使用“不定式todo”结构。“mainidea/mainlyabout”类题目的选项涉及到短语(名词短语、动名词短语)和句子(陈述句、疑问句)两大类别。“title”类题目的选项除了包括短语和句子外，还涉及“名词：短语”结构以及混合型(短语、句子、“名词：短语”混合),混合型选项大多是两两对称。1、答案常均匀分布。每个小标题下面的内容会出一道题，一般不可能就一个小标题的内容连出2至3题。2、题文不一定同序。题号在前的题目答案不一定就在前面。3、选项和文中句子一模一样可以选。4、主旨题的解法要从各个小标题入手。考点二记叙文记叙文的命题形式常有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断等题型。除了推理判断或词义猜测题，记叙文的命题顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进。每年的高考题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，主要是围绕记叙文六要素进行命题，以考查细节为主，但都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。1、对于细节信息题，要抓住整体篇章，看懂主题。利用内容间的因果关系，梳理时间空间顺序，对所考查细节进行剖析了解，确定主题，将零碎的细节组成一个有机的整体。2、对于词句猜测题，要借助篇章中的词、短语或句子的理解来充分理解题意，遇到陌生词语尽量先避过，遵循先略读再通读的原则，进行仔细推敲。尤其要注重对语境的把握。3、对于主旨大意题，要注意主题句和主题段，绝大多数的篇章采用总分总结构，要注意段与段之间的联系，注意隐藏的中心思想，研究文章结构，把握句与句之间的关系，注重逻辑关系，从整体把握文章的脉络。考点三说明文说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理，给人以知识的文体。题材涉及科技、社会和文化生活等各个领域。说明文的结构特点：1、新闻报道类：总体——细节或过程说明。2、科普类：社会现象或变化——细节(运作原理或原因阐述)——社会效应和相关启示。3、研究调查类：引出话题——调查结果——调查过程(方法、步骤、人员等)——对现实的影响和未来的展望。4、说明呈现类：总体呈现——细节描述(中心句一般在段首)——总结。1、关键是抓住说明对象的本质特征。阅读时也要注意说明的顺序，说明的顺序有时间顺序(如事物的发展变化)、空间顺序(如建筑结构)、逻辑顺序(因果、现象与本质)。2、掌握说明文的说明方法：举例子、作比较——举例子、作比较(对比说明相异、类比说明相似)、列数字、作诠释、下定义、作引用、打比方等。3、把握文章的脉络和长难句的分析。考点四议论文议论文是一种作者通过陈述观点，试图说服读者接受其所给的观点的文体，在历年的英语高考题中，议论文体阅读语篇总占一定的比例。相对于其他文体，议论文阅读要难一些，因此要更加重视。议论文是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成，内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。阅读时要把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实作出合理的推断。1、把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。2、互推法：议论之后会列举具体例子来支撑观点，或在举例之后发表议论。考生可借助给出的具体实例来推理出抽象的议论，或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义。3、推理法：推理的结论来自于原文没有直接表达的信息。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系、信息的隐含意等，对文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，透过现象看到本质。考点五新闻报道体裁新闻报道题目设置灵活多样，通常以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，兼顾猜测词义、句意题及目的意图题和主旨大意题。标题是对新闻报道中心思想所作的高度而又精辟的概括，是命题者考虑设题的重点。1.考查新闻事件的六要素，题型主要为细节题。2.考查对新闻事件的观点，题型主要为观点推断题。3.考查语篇衔接，推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容，题型主要为指代、推断题。4.概括主旨，题型主要为主题归纳题。知事抓导语。导语位于新闻报道的首段，高度概括新闻事实，5W(When，Where,Who，What，Why)包括其中。因此，抓导语便对新闻事件有了大体把握，对做阅读理解试题而言就是抓住了“牛鼻子”。欲知详情，读新闻背景和主体。新闻背景交待新闻事实的起因，主体则对导语概括的新闻事实进行详细叙述。探求结果到结尾。结尾往往是新闻事件的结果或动态展望，也是中心思想的概括并常常与新闻导语相呼应，命题者也乐于在此设题。考点一：应用文(2025年湖南省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试题)ThegreaterRochesterareaisfilledwithopportunitiestostudyandperformmusicinthesummer!RobertsCommunitySchoolRobertsCommunityMusicSchoolhasexcitingsummermusicalopportunitiesforfamiliesonthewestsideofRochester.Itofferstwo7-weekEarlyChildhoodClasses,PianoDiscoveries,andaUkulelechoir.Lessonsareavailableforpiano,voice,stringedinstruments,woodwindandbrass(铜管乐器).SchoolofRock—RochesterWithcampchoicesforallagesandskilllevels,SchoolofRockistheperfectsummeractivityforyourchild.Oursummermusiccampsareperformance-based,meaningstudentslearntoplaybyperformingtogetherinafunenvironment.Frombeginnercampstosongwritingandthemedcamps,weofferawidevarietyofoptionstoensureyourchildhasanamazingmusicalexperience.Ourgoalistoprepareteensforliveperformancesonstage.EastmanCommunityMusicSchoolTheEastmanCommunityMusicSchooloffersdifferentdayprogramsandovernightmusiccampsthissummerformiddleandhighschoolstudents,includingAdventureMusicCampforMiddleSchoolers,SummerJazzStudiesforHighSchoolStudents,Baroqueworkshops,andNewHorizonsOrchestraCamp:Privatelessonsarealsoavailableforallages,levels;instrumentsorvoice.BachtoRockMusicSchoolBachtoRockMusicCampsruneachweekallsummerlongforallagesandlevels!Ourcampsaredesignedforstudentstoworkwithourhighlyexperiencedteacherstolearnhowtoplaytheirinstrumentsofchoice,developaband,learntoplaysongstheylove,andhavetheopportunitytowriteandcreatetheirmusic.EachweeklycampendswithanopportunitytorecordinourstudioFullorhalf-daycampsareavailable.Noexperienceisnecessary.1.Whichschool’sprogramsaredesignedtogetstudentsonstageperforming?A.RobertsCommunitySchool. B.SchoolofRock—Rochester.C.EastmanCommunityMusicSchool. D.BachtoRockMusicSchool.2.WhatisspecialaboutBachtoRockMusicCamps?A.Theyofferovernightcamps. B.Theyrequirerelatedexperience.C.TheyofferchancestoperforminaTVstation. D.Theycanrecordmusic.3.Whoarethemusiccampsmainlyintendedfor?A.Rochesterartists. B.Localfamilies. C.Schoolstudents. D.experiencedteachers.4.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocomparefourmusicschools. B.Toencouragestudentstobemusicstars.C.Tointroducesomemusicsummercamps. D.ToshowthemusicresourcesinRochester.MovieDetails&CreditsNationalGeographicFilms|ReleaseDate:July29,2011|PG-13Summary:Thefilmisauser-generated,feature-lengthdocumentaryshotonasingleday.Enlistedtocaptureamomentofthedayoncamera,theglobalcommunityrespondedbysubmittingmorethan80,000videostoYouTube.LifeinaDaybringstogetherthemostcompellingfootagetoofferauniqueexperiencethatshowswithbeauty,humor,andjoyful...ExpandDirector:KevinMacdonaldGenre(s):DocumentaryRating:PG-13Runtime:95minSeeAllDetailsandCreditsCriticReviewsLifeinaDayis,withoutexaggeration,aprofoundachievementReadfullreviewMovingandinsightful.Notaclassicbyanymeans,butafascinatingglimpseofthewaywelivetoday.ReadfullreviewLifereallysingswhenit’ssimplypullingtogetherthematicmontages-ofwakingup,foodpreparationonanswerstothequestion“Whatdoyoufear?”—orlettingagenuinemomentunfoldwithoutcomment.ReadfullreviewMacdonaldknowsplentyaboutcraftingsomethingevocativefromunscriptedmaterial.ReadfullreviewTherearedullspots,aswithanyotherday,yet“Life”aimstobe,andoccasionallyis,likeaYouTube-y“OurTown,”givingasenseofwhatitistobealiveonplanetEarth.ReadfullreviewUserReviewsLifeinaDayattemptstheimpossible-representingtheexperiencesoftheentireworldon24thJuly2010.Whilethistaskcouldneverbeachievedtoperfection,directorKevinMacDonaldandhisarmyofYoutubecontributorsmanagetocreateafascinatingsmorgasbordoftheday-to-day...ExpandThemovieisdecent.“LifeinDay”isliterallya2010July24thtimecapsule.Youcanobserveeverything,allthebeautifulsightsandevents,butthat’sthefarthestreachthemoviewilltakeyou.Iwouldrecommendthisfilmtoartists,Iguess?Youtube’s“LifeinaDay”hastoomuchflaws;itspillsinracism,self-deprivation,sexism,anddeath.KevinMcDonaldheredoesabeautifuljobinfusingthesepartstogetherbutfallstocoverupthesecons.However,afterwatchingthisdocumentaryIrelatedhowmanythingshappenedin...ExpandLifeinADayhassomanyprofoundmomentsbutoverallitneverreallyfeelslikeacoherentpieceoffilm.Iknowitshardwithsomanydifferentvoices,videosandideastoworkwithtomakeeverythingcometogetherbutLifeposes3majorquestionsbutthenfailstogointoenoughdetail...Expand1.Thismaterialistakenfromawebsiteoffilm________.A.review B.introduction C.rating D.downloading2.Theword“Metascore”onthetopleftcornerinthecommentarearefersto________.A.howgoodthemovieisaccordingtotheviewers.B.howmainstreammediathinkofthemovieC.whatcriticshavewrittenaboutthemovieD.whatcreditsnewspaperofficeshavegiven3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.AlmosthalfofthereviewsonLifeinaDayareverynegative.B.Intermsofpositivereviews,usergrouphasalowerpercentagethancriticgroup.C.IfyouclickSEEALL18REVIEWS,youwillbesuretofindascorelessthan58.D.LifeinàDaybelongstothecategoryofrealisminthiswebsite.4.Ifyouclicktheicon“Expand”ingrandpajoe6191’sreviews,youwillprobablyfindthefullsentence“However,afterwatchingthefulldocumentaryIrealizedhowmanythingshappenedin________”.A.minorities,whosufferracialdiscrimination B.thelowerclass,forwhichIfeelquitesorryC.theupperclass,ofwhichIamveryjealous D.ordinarypeople,fromwhomIcanlearnalot考点二：记叙文(2025年陕西省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语试卷)I’vealwayslikeddesigningthings.IrememberdrawingclothesandshoeswhenIwaseight,andImademyfirstskirtagednine.Thenthreeyearsago,Ibeganmakingshoes,andInowspendmyfreetimedoingthat.Ibecameinterestedinmakingshoeswhenmycousintoldmeaboutanonlineshoe-makingcourse.Iimmediatelyaskedmymumtobookmeonafour-daycourseinLondontoseeifIlikedit,andthenIdidaten-daycoursethereinthesummerholidays.Ilovethecourses.Onthelongerone,Imadefourpairsofshoes!Icouldn’tbelieveit.Theteacherswereexcellent.That’swhatwasbestabouttheclasses.Theymadeusworkreallyhardbuttheywantedalltheirstudentstohavefun,too.I’vemadeabout15pairsofshoesnow.AtthemomentI’mmakingapairoftrainers(运动鞋)usinganoldpairofjeans,butI’veusedallkindsofdifferentthingsbefore,fromoldleatherhandbagstooldcottondresses!Makingshoeshaschangedmyplansforthefuture.IknownowthatIwanttobeadesigner,butnotashoedesigner.I’vedecidedI’lldohomedesign.I’vedesignedlotsofshoesandalsosomeclothes,soI’dliketotrysomethingnew.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthewriterfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Shebeganmakingshoesthreeyearsago.B.Shemadeherfirstskirtattheageofeight.C.Shebookedafour-daycourseinthesummerholidays.D.Shetoldhercousinaboutanonlineshoe-makingcourse.2.Whatdidthewriterlikemostaboutthecourses?A.Theclassesweregivenonline. B.SheenjoyedstayinginLondon.C.Theteacherstherewereexcellent. D.Shemadeabout15pairsofshoes.3.Whatmaterialisthewriterusingfortrainersnow?A.Oldskirts. B.Oldcottondresses.C.Oldjeans. D.Oldleatherhandbags.4.Whatwouldthewriterliketobeinthefuture?A.Ashoedesigner. B.Ahomedesigner.C.Acoursedesigner. D.Aclothesdesigner.WhenIfirstmovedintoatraditionalhutonginBeijing,thenarrowalleywaysfeltlikeamaze(迷宫).MytinyroomwaspartofasiheyuansharedwiththreeChinesefamilies.BackhomeinLondon,Ilivedinaquietsuburbanhousewithaprivategarden.Here,Icouldhearneighborschattingthroughpaper-thinwalls,andthesmellofstir-friedvegetablesoftendriftedintomyroom.Itwasoverwhelmingyetstrangelyalive.Thebiggestshockcamethenextmorning.Isteppedoutsidetofindacommunaltap(公共水龙头)whereresidentsbrushedteethandwashedvegetablessidebyside.Anelderlymaninpajamasnoddedatmewhilespittingintothedrain—acommonpracticeherebutshockingtoWesterneyes.Later,whenItriedtothrowtrashintoabin,Mrs.Lifromnextdoorrushedover,sortingmywasteintofourcolorfulcategorieswithapatientsmile.“Recyclingmatters,”shesaid,thoughIunderstoodlittleChinese.Gradually,thehutongrevealeditsmagic.Childrenplayedhopscotch(跳房子游戏)onstonepaths,andshopkeeperskneweveryone’sname.Onerainyday,myroofleaked.BeforeIcouldcallforhelp,oneofmyneighborsclimbedupwithaladderandfixedithimself.Thatevening,heinvitedmeforjiaozi.Aswedippedtheminvinegar,IrealizedprivacyintheWestmeantdisconnection;here,“noisycloseness”meantbelonging.Now,whenIbikepastthemorningcrowdsbuyingbaoziorseeneighborsplayingchessundertreeshades,Ifeelathome.Thehutongtaughtmethatcultureshockisjustthefirststeptodiscoveringanewwayofliving-onewherecommunitywrapsaroundyoulikeawarmquilt.1.WhydidtheauthormentionhislifeinLondoninParagraph1?A.Tosuggesthisfamily’swealth. B.ToexplainwhyhemovedtoBeijing.C.Toshowhisattachmenttohiscountry. D.Tocontrasthispreviousandpresentlife.2.Whatsurprisedtheauthormostonthefirstmorning?A.Theshareduseofawatertap. B.Thesmellofcookingintheair.C.Thecomplexlayoutofthehutong. D.Thequeuinguphabitofneighbors.3.Whatdoes“noisycloseness”inParagraph3referto?A.Terriblelivingconditions. B.Activecommunityinteractions.C.Thevalueofpersonalprivacy. D.Loudargumentsbetweenneighbors.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AGuidetoExploringHutongs B.ChineseInsightsintoSocialLifeC.TheMazeThatBecameMyHome D.TrashSortingThatChangedChina考点三：说明文(湖南省邵阳市武冈市2024-2025学年高二下学期学业水平合格性考试模拟卷英语试题)Inrecentnews,DeepSeek,aleadingartificialintelligence(AI)company,hasmadesignificantprogressindevelopingadvancedAImodels.Thesemodelsaredesignedtohelppeopleinvariousfields,suchaseducation,healthcare,andtechnology.Accordingtothecompany,theirlatestAIsystemcanunderstandandprocesshumanlanguagemoreaccuratelythaneverbefore.Thisbreakthroughcouldchangethewayweinteractwithtechnologyinthefuture.DeepSeek’snewAImodel,calledDeepSeek-V3,isparticularlygoodatreadingandanalyzingtext.Itcanunderstandcomplexsentences,answerquestions,andevensummarizelongarticles.Thecompanyclaimsthatthistechnologywillbeespeciallyusefulforstudentsandteachers,asitcanhelpwithhomework,research,andlearningnewconcepts.Inadditiontoitseducationalapplications,DeepSeek-V3isalsobeingusedinhealthcare.DoctorsandresearchersaretestingtheAItoseeifitcanhelpdiagnose(诊断)diseasesfasterandmoreaccurately.Thecompanybelievesthatthistechnologycouldsavelivesbyprovidingquickandreliableinformationtomedicalprofessionals.However,somepeopleareconcernedabouttherisksofAI.Theyworrythatmachinesmightreplacehumanjobsormakedecisionswithoutconsideringethicalissues(伦理问题).DeepSeekhasrespondedtotheseconcernsbypromisingtouseAIresponsiblyandtoalwaysprioritize(优先考虑)humansafetyandwell-being.Despitethesechallenges,DeepSeekremainsoptimisticaboutthefutureofAI.ThecompanyiscontinuingtoimproveitstechnologyandhopestomakeAImoreaccessibletoeveryone.AsAIbecomesmoreadvanced,itcouldrevolutionize(彻底改变)thewaywelive,work,andlearn.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthearticle?A.ThehistoryofDeepSeek. B.Thefutureofeducationtechnology.C.TherisksofusingAIinhealthcare. D.ThelatestbreakthroughinAIbyDeepSeek.2.HowcanDeepSeek-V3helpstudentsandteachers?A.Byhelpingwithhomework,research,andlearning.B.Byreplacingteachersintheclassroom.C.Bydiagnosingdiseasesinschools.D.Bycreatingneweducationalgames.3.WhatisoneconcernpeoplehaveaboutAI?A.Itmightbecometooexpensive. B.Itmightreplacehumanjobs.C.Itmightbetoodifficulttouse. D.Itmightonlybeavailabletowealthypeople.4.WhatdoesDeepSeekpromisetoprioritizeinitsuseofAI?A.Makingmoremoney. B.Replacinghumanworkers.C.Humansafetyandwell-being. D.Developingentertainmenttechnology.Ifyouwanttohelpchildrendeveloplanguageandspeechskills,UCLAresearcherssay,listeningtowhattheyhavetosayisjustasimportantastalkingtothem.Theeffectofaconversationbetweenachildandanadultisaboutsixtimesasgreatastheeffectofadultspeechinputalone,theresearchersfound.“Adultsspeakingtochildrenhelpslanguagedevelop,butwhatmattersmuchmoreistheinteraction,”saidthestudy’sleadauthor,FrederickZimmerman,anassociateprofessorintheSchoolofPublicHealthattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles.TheresearchersalsofoundthatTVviewingdidn’thavemuchofaneffect—positivelyornegatively—aslongasitwasn’tdisplacingconversationsbetweenanadultandachild.TheUCLAstudyincluded275familieswithchildrenbetween2monthsand48monthsold.Theyrepresentedavarietyofincomesandeducation.Theresearchersfoundthat,inanaverageday,childrenhearabout13,000spokenwordsfromadultsandparticipatedinabout400adult-childconversationsaday.Assessedseparately,factorspositivelyassociatedwithlanguagedevelopmentincludedeachadditional100conversationsadayandeach1,000wordsincreaseinthenumberofwordsspokenbyadultsandheardbychildren.Whenlookedatalone,TVwasnegativelyassociatedwithlanguagedevelopment.But,whenthethreefactorswereanalyzedtogether,theonlyonethatstoodoutwasconversationbetweenadultsandchildren.“Themoreachildspeaksandinteractswithanadult,thebetterideaaparenthasaboutwherethechildis,”Zimmermansaid.“Althoughit’smostlydoneunconsciously,parentswillprovidefeedbackandcorrectmistakes.They’llalsotailortheirspeechtothechild.Parentscangiveachildwordsbytalkingtothemaboutwhatthey’redoing,suchas,‘I’mputtingonyourpajamasnow’.Butgiveyourchildtheopportunitytotalk,hopefullywithouttherestofthenoiseintheenvironment,”sheadded.“Ifparentscancarveoutsomeconversationtime—maybeatbathtimeoratdinnertime—that’sawonderfulthing.”1.TheresearchersalsofoundthatTVviewing_______.A.couldhaveapositiveeffectonachild’slanguagedevelopmentB.hadalittleeffectonachild’slanguagedevelopmentC.affectedachild’slanguagedevelopmentmorenegativelythanpositivelyD.affectedachild’slanguagedevelopmentbothnegativelyandpositively2.FrederickZimmermanwouldprobablyagreethat_______.A.parentsshouldlettheirchildrentalkmostofthetimeB.childrenshouldwatchTVprogramsselectivelyC.theconversationbetweenparentsandchildrenshouldbetwo-wayD.it’snogoodforparentstocorrecttheirchildren’smistakeswhentheyarespeaking3.Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat_______.A.parentsshouldletachildrepeatwhatheorshesaysB.bathtimeordinnertimeisthebestchanceforparentstotalktoachildC.parent-childconversationcanbecarriedoutatanypropertimeD.parentsshouldleaveachildtalkingalone4.Theunderlinedword“tailor”inthelastparagraphcanbebestreplacedby_______.A.control B.improveC.pass D.adjust考点四：议论文(湖南省株洲芦淞区2024-2025学年高二下学期学业水平调研考试英语试题)Studieshaveshownthemereexposureeffect,alsoreferredtoasthefamiliarityprinciple,inspiresourdecisions.Itisahelpfulpsychologicalmechanism(机制)thathelpsusmaintainourenergyandfocusourattentiononotherthings.Gettingusedtonewthingstakeseffortanditcanbetiring.Sounlesswehaveaterribleexperience,wearelikelytobuyfromcompanieswe’vegotusedto.Thatiswhycompaniesspendsomuchmoneyonadvertisingandmarketingandwhyinsurancecompaniesopenlychargeexistingcustomersmorethannewones.It’snotthecasethatweonlydesirethingswealreadyknow.Somestudiessuggestwheninvitedtoshareourpreferences,wesometimesseelessfamiliarchoicesasmoredesirable.Butwhenactingonthatpreference,wefallbacktowhatweknow.Thismightexplainwhysometimesthethingswewantandthethingswedodon’tquitematchup.Wemightevenreturntocompaniesthattreateduspoorlyinthepastorstayinbadrelationships.It’seasytopaintthefamiliarityprincipleasanenemyorsomethingtobattleasifitissomethingthatholdsusbackfromlivingourdreams.Butthisattitudemightbeoverwhelmingbecauseittendstoencourageustowardbig-picturethinking.Whereweimaginethatchangerequiresasubstantialdramatic(巨大而突然的)swingthatwedon’tfeelreadyfor.Somearticlessuggestthesolutiontofamiliarityfrustrationiscompleteexposuretonovelty(新奇的事物).Whilethiscanappeareffectiveintheshortrun,wemayonlyendupreplacingoneproblemwithanother.Italsorisksoverwhelmandburnout.Sowhatifwecanworkwiththefamiliarityprincipleinstead?Familiarityissomethingwecanlearntoplaywithandenjoy.Itisasettingforcreativityandapathwaytoexpansion.Wecanbroadenthezoneoffamiliaritybitbybit.Ifwethinkoffamiliarityassomethingthatcanexpand,wecanconsiderchangingtheconditionsinandaroundourliestomakemorespaceforourpreferencestotakerootandgrowgently.Fromhere,wewillstarttomakedecisions,drawingfromanever-deepeningpoolofvaluablealternatives.1.Whatallowsinsurancecompaniestochargeoldcustomersmore?A.Thefamiliarityprinciple. B.Theadvertisingcost.C.Theimprovedservice. D.Thelawofthemarket.2.Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph2?A.Ourpreferencesaffectourdecisions.B.Therecanbeamismatchbetweendesiresandactions.C.Thefamiliarityprincipleisadouble-edgedsword.D.Familiaritytendstogeneratedisrespect.3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthesolutioninsomearticles?A.Objective. B.Favorable. C.Disapproving. D.Tolerant.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GentlyExpandYourFamiliarityZone B.StepOutOfYourFamiliarityZoneC.SpareAThoughtForYourPreference D.GivePriorityToTheMereExposureEffectYetlonelinesshasbecomesowidespreadthatitisoftentermedamodernepidemic.Why?Acommonexplanationisthelossof“socialconnection.”Whatdoesitreallymeantobesociallyconnected?Isitquantifiedbythenumberofone’sfriendsbothonlineandoffline,orisitdefinedbythequalityanddepthoftheserelationships?However,someexpertsarguethatlonelinesstranscendsmeresocialisolation.Itispossibletomaintainhundredsofdigitalconnectionsyetstillendureprofoundfeelingsofloneliness.NorwegianwriterHildeØstby,inherbookSoLonely,suggeststhatlonelinessemergeswhenthere’sagapbetweenthesocialconnectionswedesireandthoseweactuallypossess.Individualsindenselypopulatedurbanareasfrequentlyreporthigherlevelsoflonelinessthanthoseinruralcommunities.Whilestrongsocialtiescanreduceloneliness,close-knitsocietiesreporthighlonelinessrates.Østbyfurtherinvestigatesthepsychologicalandphysicaleffectsofloneliness.Itislinkedtoemotionslikegriefandshame,anditcanevenharmone’shealth.Shebelievesthatlonelinessissometimescausedbysocialdivision—marginalization(边缘化)duetoracism,sexism,orotherformsofprejudice.Shecoinstheword“lonelify”todescribethisprocess—howpeoplearedeliberatelymadetofeelexcluded.However,lonelinessisnotonlycausedbysocialexclusion.Itcanaffectanyone,regardlessofageorbackground.Althoughtechnologyandcontemporarylifestylesmaycontributetotheproblem,atitscore,lonelinessremainsaprofoundlyhumanexperience.Østby’sbookencouragesustorethinkloneliness—notjustasapersonalissue,butasasocialone.Shecallsformoreinclusivecommunitiesandremindsusthatsmallactsofkindness,likeasmileoraconversation,canhelpothersfeellessalone.Afterall,inaworldwheresomanyfeellonely,connectionmightbethecureweallneed.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“transcends”inparagraph1mostprobablymean?A.resultsfrom. B.goesbeyond. C.dependson. D.equals.2.WhatfactordoesHildeØstbybelieveleadstoloneliness?A.Numerousonlinefriendsonly. B.Urbanlivingenvironments.C.Agapinsocialconnections. D.Long-termsocialisolation.3.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’sdiscussionofØstby’sviews?A.Needsindividualandsocietalefforts. B.Technologyistherootcause.C.Mainlyaffectsmarginalizedgroups. D.Smallkindnessesaremosteffective.4.Whatisthepassage’smainpurpose?A.Explainloneliness’scausesandsolutions. B.Analyzesocialconnectionsandloneliness.C.Arguelonelinessisasocietalissue. D.Introduceabookanditsinsights.考点五：新闻报道WilliamLindesay,afamousGreatWallexpertandconservationist,andhiswifeWuQihavetraveledtheglobebythebackpaths,providingtheirsonswithauniquegrowingenvironment.Sunhats,backpacksandsneakers(运动鞋)—thesearetheday-to-daymust-havesforthefamily.Mostoftheirtripsseemfarfromrelaxing—culturalstudyinthehotanddrydesert,a53-kilometerhikingtourofNewZealand,aone-dayclimbtothreeEnglishmountaintopsandasix-daytrainridefromBeijingtoMoscow.Manyassumethefamilymustbewealthyandcanaffordtheirglobaltravel,buttheyarenot.Lindesaysaystheyjustchoosetospendmoneyontravelandeschewpriceyhotelsandrestaurantswherepossible.LindesaymentionsthetriptoMoscowasanexample.Insteadoftakingataxifromtherailwaystationtothehotel,theytookthesubway.“Wecrossedthecityforsavingmoney,communicatedwithlocalpeople,andsawtheyarepeoplejustlikeus,everywhere.Wearrivedatourdestinationfeelingcomfortable.”However,theirjourneys,whichcanlastweeksormonths,havesometimesbeeninconsistentwiththeirchildren’sschooling.WuremembersonceLindesaylettheireldersonaskforleavesothattheycouldgotoNewYorkfora45-daylecturetour.Thereforethesonmissedhisfinalexam.Thingslikethatbotherthefamilyallthetime.Lindesayattachesgreatimportancetolearningoutoftheclassroom,sayingthatchildrenmightscorewellonschooltests,buttravelingoutside,indistantlandswithdifferentlanguages,cultures,andpoliticalstructures,istherealtest.“Youcanonlygetstreetwiseonthestreet.Youcanonlygetworldly-wisewhenseeingtheworld,”hesays.1.HowcanwedescribetheLindesays’trips?A.Pleasant. B.Conventional C.Challenging. D.Dangerous.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eschew”inparagraph3mean?A.Visit. B.Avoid. C.Compare. D.Evaluate.3.Whatproblemdoesthefamilymeetwhentraveling?A.Theyhaveschedulingconflicts.B.Theysufferfromatightbudget.C.Theyarefacedwithlanguagebarriers.D.Theyholddifferenteducationalideas.4.WhichstatementmayLindesayagreewithaccordingtothetext?A.Toughnessisthebestassistantofwill. B.Manwhotravelsfarknowsmore.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Thereisnoroyalroadtolearning.Over5millionsharedbikesinChinaareusingservicesofferedbyBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(北斗卫星导航系统).ThesesharedbikesalluseBeidou-basedpositioningchips(芯片).Thechipshavehighqualities.Theycandealwithinformationaccuratelyandquickly.TheyfeaturelowpowerconsumptionTheyprovideabetteruserexperienceandeasiermanagementforthelocalcompanies.Now,severalnewmodelsofsharedelectricbikeswithBeidou-basedchipshavealsostartedtobeproducedandputintomarket.Besidespositioningandnavigation,thechipswillhelpusersandsharedbikecompaniesrecordusers’speedandbatteryconditionofanelectricbike.Thepossiblecrimesduringthebikeusingwillalsoberecorded.Infact,yearsago,sharedbikecompaniesbegantousepositioningchipswhichworkedwellwithbothGPSandBeidouservices.AftertheBeidousystembecamefullyinuseinthesummerof2020,sharedbikecompaniesstartedinstalling(安装)Beidou-basedchipsonmorebikesinmoreareas.The