雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《科技英语交流(北京理大)》单元测试考核答案

注：不含主观题Lecture1FeaturesofScientificWritingLecture2HowtowriteatitleLecture3HowtoWriteAbstractsLecture4HowtowriteIntroductionLecture5HowtoWriteMethodsLecture6HowtoWriteResultsLecture7HowtoWriteDiscussionLecture8HowtoWriteConclusionLecture9PresentationSkillsLecture10AcademicConferenceLecture11HowtoDesignScientificPostersLecture12QuestionandAnswerSessions第1题判断题(1分)Scientificwritingistoreportanewfinding.第2题判断题(1分)Clarityinscientificwritingisnotimportant.第3题判断题(1分)IMRADisalogicorganizationinscientificwriting.

第4题判断题(1分)ThelogicofIMRADcanbedefinedinthreequestions.

第5题判断题(1分)Thecontributioninscientificwritingmightbeanewmethodoranewfinding.

第6题判断题(1分)Cohesionisamacroorganizationinscientificwriting.第7题判断题(1分)Cohesioncanbeconstructedbylinkingdevices.第8题判断题(1分)Linkingdevicesarehelpfulinscientificwriting.第9题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.

TherecentobservationofthereverseHall-Petchrelationinnanocrystallineceramicsoffersapossiblepathwaytoachieveenhancedductilityfortraditionalbrittleceramicsviathenanosizeeffect,justasnanocrystallinemetalsandalloys.Inaddition,theunderlyingdeformationmechanismsofnanocrystallineceramicshavenotbeenwellestablished.

Afor

Bvia

CjustasDInaddition第10题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.

Themainresults(Fig.1and2)presentedbytheauthorsaredifficulttofollow.Forexample,howresultsinFig.1aredifferentcomparedtoFig.2exceptthattheunitsofeffectsizearedifferent.Second,ifauthorshaveinformationonspeciesrichnessdifferencesamongstudies,whynotusethosedifferencesasacovariatemoderatetoexplainthevariationineffectsizewhichisshowninFig.1.

AForexampleBthatCSecondDwhich第11题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.

Inaddition,theHall-Petchrelationshipbreaksdowninmetalalloyswhengrainsizeisreducedbelowacriticalvalue,wherethestrengthandhardnessdecreasewithgrainsizes.ThisisduetotheactivationofdislocationsrequiresahigherstressthanthatofotherdeformationmechanismssuchasGBsliding,GBdiffusion,andGBrotation.AInadditionBThis

CduetoDthan第12题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.

EvenifthousandsofuserschoosetheirownpictureoftheEiffelTowerastheirpasswordobject,ObPwdwillgenerateuniquestrongpasswordsastheydonotshareidenticalphotoobjects.

AEvenBifCasDas

第13题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.

Participantshadtheoptionofrecordingpasswordinformation,includinghints;theywereaskedthattheyrecordedsuchinformationandwhetherornottheyusedthisonlogins.

AthatBandCwhetherDornot2.Exercises第1题单选题(1分)Tickthetypeofthecitationsysteminthetext.......additivemanufacturing(AM)isbasedonanincrementallayer-bylayermanufacturing[1].Assuch,mostrelevantAMtechnologiescommonlyusepowderorwireasafeedstockwhichisselectivelymeltedbyafocusedheatsourceandconsolidatedinsubsequentcoolingtoformapart[2,3].AMhasattractedmuchattentionoverthepasttenyearsduetoitsimmanentadvantages,suchasunrivalleddesignfreedomandshortleadtimes[4].

Herzog,et.al.2016:371.AAlphabet-NumberSystemBNameandYearSystemCCitationOrderSystem第2题单选题(1分)Tickthetypeofthecitationsysteminthetext.Still,theuseofgain-schedulingcontrolappliedtolighter-than-airaircraftsisscarcelymentionedinthescientifificliterature(Masár&Stöhr,2008;Moutinho&Azinheira,2008;doValle,Menegaldo,&Simoes,2015;Yang&Yan,2015).Moutinho,etal.2016:23AAlphabet-NumberSystemBNameandYearSystemCCitationOrderSystem第3题单选题(1分)Tickthetypeofthecitationsysteminthetext.InthispapertheDrydenmodelasdescribedbyDonaldMcLean(1990,pp.130–134)isused.

Moutinho,etal.2016:26.AAlphabet-NumberSystemBNameandYearSystemCCitationOrderSystem第4题单选题(1分)Tickthetypeofthecitationsysteminthetext.Peopleconsistentlychoose“weak”passwords[7]formanyreasons,includinguserstryingtomanageonaverage25password-protectedaccounts[8].Losingstrategiesincludeblamingusers,andimposingcomplexpasswordrules.Someclaimthatchoosingweakpasswords(despiterepeatedadviceotherwise)isarationaleconomicresponse[12].

Biddleetal.,2011:970.AAlphabet-NumberSystemBNameandYearSystemCCitationOrderSystem第5题单选题(1分)TickthetypeofthesystemforthefollowingReferences.[1]

C.Emmelmann,J.Kranz,D.Herzog,E.Wycisk,Laseradditivemanufacturingofmetals,in:V.Schmidt,M.R.Belegratis(Eds.),LaserTechnologyinBiomimetics,Springer,Heidelberg,2013,pp.p143-161.

[2]

B.E.Carroll,T.A.Palmer,A.M.Besse,AnisotropictensilebehaviorofTi-6Al-4Vcomponentsfabricatedwithdirectedenergydepositionadditivemanufacturing,ActaMater.87(2015)309-320.[3]

E.Brandl,F.Palm,V.Michailov,B.Viehweger,C.Leyens,Mechanicalpropertiesofadditivemanufacturedtitanium(Ti-6Al-4V)blocksdepositedbyasolid-statelaserandwire,Mater.Des.32(2011)4665-4675.AAlphabet-NumberSystemBNameandYearSystemCCitationOrderSystem第6题单选题(1分)TickthetypeofthesystemforthefollowingReferences.[1]R.Biddle,S.Chiasson,andP.vanOorschot,“Graphicalpasswords:Learningfromthefifirsttwelveyears,”ACMComputingSurveys,tobepublished.[2]W.E.Burr,D.F.Dodson,andW.T.Polk,ElectronicauthenticationguidelinesNISTSpecialPublication800-63,Apr.2006[Online].Available:

/publications/nistpubs/800-63/SP800-63V1_0_2.pdf

[3]S.Chiasson,A.Forget,E.Stobert,P.vanOorschot,andR.Biddle,“Multiplepasswordinterferenceintextandclick-basedgraphicalpasswords,”inProc.ACMComputerandCommunicationsSecurity(CCS’09),Chicago,IL,Nov.2009.[4]S.Chiasson,P.vanOorschot,andR.Biddle,“Ausabilitystudyandcritiqueoftwopasswordmanagers,”inProc.USENIXSecuritySymp.,Vancouver,Canada,Aug.2006.[5]D.Davis,F.Monrose,andM.K.Reiter,“Onuserchoiceingraphicalpasswordschemes,”inProc.USENIXSecuritySymp.,SanDiego,CA,Aug.2004.AAlphabet-NumberSystemBNameandYearSystemCCitationOrderSystem第7题单选题(1分)TickthetypeofthesystemforthefollowingReferencesRugh,W.J.,&Shamma,J.S.(2000).Researchongainscheduling.Automatica,36,1401–1425.Skuza,J.R.,Park,Y.,&Kim,H.J.etal.(2014).Feasibilitystudyofcargoairshiptransportationsystemspoweredbynewgreenenergytechnologies.Technicalreport.NASACenterforAeroSpaceInformation,NASASTIProgram.Stevens,B.L.,&Lewis,F.L.(1992).Aircraftcontrolandsimulation.NewYork:JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.Thomasson,P.G.(2000).Equationsofmotionofavehicleinamovingflfluid.JournalofAircraft,37(July(4)),630–639./10.2514/2.2645.Yang,Y.,&Yan,Y.(2015).Neuralnetworkgain-schedulingslidingmodecontrolforthree-dimensionaltrajectorytrackingofroboticairships.ProceedingsoftheInstitutionofMechanicalEngineers,PartI:JournalofSystemsandControlEngineering,229(6),529–540./10.1177/0959651815570353.AAlphabet-NumberSystemBNameandYearSystemCCitationOrderSystem第8题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.

Ithasbeenexpectedthatalmostanygelscouldbeconvertedintotheircorrespondingaerogels.AhasbeenexpectedBthat

CanygelsDconvertedinto第9题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.However,CDswerenotsuccessivelyarrangedonthePEGchainbutformedseparatePPRdomainsduetothelongPEGchain,becausewhenthenumberofCDreachto12,ittendstoformPPRaggregatesandinducephaseseparation.AwereBbutCreachtoDit第10题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.Thus,separationofionicbioactivecompoundscanbeachievedonacolumnpackedwithsilicagraftedwiththesecopolymersbyadjustingthecolumntemperatureratherthanchangingthecompositionofthemobilephase.AseparationBcanbeachievedCacolumn

Dgrafted第11题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.

Therefore,thechargedensityoftheSID-10surfacewashigherascomparedtothatoftheSID-5surface.AThereforeBwasCascomparedto

Dthat第12题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.

However,thepresentationofthedataareinsufficientwherebyonlyrelationsbetweenplantdiversityandbiomassareshown,whiletheimpactsoftheserelationshipsarenotassessedordiscussed.AthepresentationBareCwhereby

Dor第13题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.Thistimewhenitistakeniscumulative:itincludestimetakenforanyfailedattempts,untilthepointwhenasuccessfulloginoccurs.

AwhenitistakenBtakenCfailed

Duntil第14题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.

Participantsidentifiedthetypeoffiletheychoseforeachpassword(e.g.,musicfile,document).Thesefiletypeswereaggregatedintocategories,astheywerelistedinTableIV.AthetypeoffileBfor

CwereaggregatedDastheywerelisted

第15题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.Participantswereaskedusingadifferentpasswordobjectfileforeachwebsite(ascommonlyadvised),althoughthiswasnotenforced.AusingBforC(ascommonlyadvised)DthisLecture2Excecises第1题判断题(1分)Atitlecanbedescribedasthe“abstractofanabstract”.

第2题判断题(1分)Mostly,awell-writtentitlecouldeitherbelongorshort,dependingonthecontents.第3题判断题(1分)Atitlecanbeinconsistentwiththecontentsoftheresearch,iftheauthorhasnosuchintention.

第4题判断题(1分)Aninterestingtitlemaydrawattentionsamongthosewhoareinterestedinthesimilarresearchtopic.

第5题判断题(1分)Agoodtitlecandonothingintheprocessofpaperretrieval.第6题判断题(1分)BADisanabbreviationforthewordsofbrevity,accuracyanddependence.

第7题判断题(1分)FromBADprinciples,ifatitleisgeneralandcommon,itispossiblynotdependent.

第8题单选题(1分)Whatcan'twedowithatitle?ATointerestotherexpertsBTogeneralizethepaperCTohelpsearchtheinformationDTodisguisetheresult第9题单选题(1分)Ifatitleisredundant,inmostcases,___________________.Aitcontainssomeunnecessaryarticles.Ballthedescriptivewordsshouldbedeleted.Csomenounswiththemeaningof“research”shouldbedeleted.Dtherearemorewords.第10题单选题(1分)Ifatitlebringsmisunderstandingtoreaders,theimpossiblereasonis___________.

AwrongwordorderBsyntaxCaccuracyDunspecific第11题多选题(2分)Whatprinciple(s)doesthetitle“Theapplicationsanddesignmethodsofacousticmetamaterialsaboutpassivedesityandmodulus”violate?(2answersaresuggested)AbrevityBaccuracyCdistinctivenessDcorrectness正确答案：CA第12题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.

HyperspectralImagingSystemwithLCTFforPlantDiseaseDiagnosisAImaging

BLCTFCforDDiagnosis第13题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.

BaoganYihaoReducesLiverFibrosisinRatsInducedbyCC14and

High-FatFeedingAReducesBinRatsInducedCCC14DFeeding第14题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.

DissipativityApproachofSafetyVertificationforInterconnected

SystemsAApproach

BofCVertificationDfor第15题单选题(1分)Choosetheincorrectonefromtheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentence.FacilitativeActivationwithMorphologicalFamiliesonEnglish

CompoundWordRecognitionAwithBFamiliesC

onDWordRecognition2.Exercises第1题判断题(1分)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse.

AccordingtoSwalesandFeak(2009),researcharticleabstractsfirstcameintobeinginmedicalresearcharticlesinthe1960s.

第2题判断题(1分)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse.Now,mostresearcharticlesarestructuredasAIMRAD,namelyAbstract,Introduction,(Materialsand)Methods,ResultsandDiscussion.第3题判断题(1分)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse.

Abstractsarealwayswrittenasthesummaryofeachofthemainsectionsofthepaper.

第4题判断题(1分)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse.

AccordingtoInstructionsforauthors,therearedisciplinarydifferencesandjournal-specificrequirementsinwritingabstracts.第5题判断题(1分)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse.

TheBPMRC/Dabstractreferstoanabstractthathasfivesections:Background,Introduction,(Materialsand)Methods,ResultsandDiscussion.

第6题判断题(1分)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse.

StructuredabstractsareusuallywrittenwithbulletedheadingssuchasPurpose,Methodology,FindingsandOriginality.第7题判断题(1分)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse.

TheResult-drivenabstractonlyemphasizestheresultsoftheresearch.第8题判断题(1分)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse.ComparedwiththeBPMRC/Dabstract,theIMRDabstractdoesnothavetheresearchbackground,buthastheotherfoursections:Researchpurpose,(Materialsand)Methods,ResultsandDiscussion.第9题单选题(1分)

Whattypeofabstractsdoesthefollowingabstractbelongto?

Identifyingnewproductopportunitiesmustbeaprerequisiteforafirm'ssustainablegrowthsinceitcanhelpcreatenewmarketsegments.Inthisregard,anumberofstudieshaveattemptedtosuggestsystematicmethodstodiscovernewtechnologicalopportunities.However,fromthesemethods,itisdifficulttofigureoutwhichproductscancomeintothemarketasaresultofthetechnologicalopportunities.Moreover,theyhavetriedtomeasuregenericpotentialvalueswithoutconsideringaspecifictargetfirmsoitishardtojudgewhetherthediscoveredopportunitiesaretechnicallyfeasibletothetargetfirm.Theseproblemstendtoreducethepracticalityofthediscoveredtechnologicalopportunities.Therefore,thispaperproposesasystematicapproachtoidentifypotentialproductopportunitiesbyreflectingthetargetfirm'sinternalcapabilities.Thecapabilitiesareinherentlyunobservablesoweneedtofigureoutsubstitutesforthefirm'scapabilities.Theexistingproductsbelongingtoafirmcanbegenerallyabasisfordevelopingnewproducts.Thefirmisalreadygoodatdealingwiththeexistingproductssoweconsiderthefirm'sexistingproductportfoliositsinternalcapabilities.Wefirstextractproductinformationfrompatentdatabaseusingtextminingtechnique,andthengenerateproductconnectionrulesrepresentedasdirectedpairsofproducts.Finally,weevaluatepotentialvalueofproductopportunitiestakingintoaccountafirm'sinternalcapabilities.AnempiricalstudyisconductedtoshowtheapplicabilityofthepresentedapproachusingpatentsgrantedintheUnitedStatesPatentandTrademarkOfficeduring2009and2013.Weexpectthatourapproachcanfacilitateproduct-orientedR&Dbypresentingafront-endmodelfornewproductdevelopmentandderivingfeasibleproductopportunitiesaccordingtothetargetfirm'sinternalcapabilities.Moreover,thepresentedsystematicapproachcanbeabasisforanR&DplanningsystemthatcanhelpR&Dplannersinperformingproduct-orientedtechnologyplanningactivities.Reference:

WonchulSeo,JanghyeokYoon,HyunseokPark,Byoung-youlCoh,Jae-MinLee,Oh-JinKwond.

Productopportunityidentificationbasedoninternalcapabilitiesusingtextminingandassociationrulemining

TechnologicalForecasting&SocialChange[J].105(2016)94–104.ATheBPMRC/Dmodel

BTheIMRC/Dmodel

CTheresult-drivenabstractDThestructuredabstract

第10题单选题(1分)Whattypeofabstractsdoesthefollowingabstractbelongto?

Thispaperpresentsaconsensus-basedrobustcooperativecontrolframeworkforawideclassoflineartime-invariant(LTI)systems,namelyNegative-Imaginary(NI)systems.Outputfeedback,dynamic,StrictlyNegative-Imaginary(SNI)controllersareappliedinpositivefeedbacktoheterogeneousmultiinput–multi-output(MIMO)plantsthroughthenetworktopologytoachieverobustoutputfeedbackconsensus.RobustnesstoexternaldisturbancesandmodeluncertaintyisguaranteedviaNIsystemtheory.CooperativetrackingcontrolofnetworkedNIsystemsispresentedasacorollaryofthederivedresultsbyadaptingtheproposedconsensusalgorithm.Numericalexamplesarealsogiventodemonstratetheeffectivenessofproposedrobustcooperativecontrolframework.(Wangetal.2015:64)

Reference:

JiananWang,AlexanderLanzon,IanR.PetersenRobustcooperativecontrolofmultipleheterogeneousNegative-ImaginarysystemsAutomatica

61(2015)64–72.ATheBPMRC/Dmodel

BTheIMRC/DmodelCTheresult-drivenabstractDThestructuredabstract

第11题单选题(1分)Whattypeofabstractsdoesthefollowingabstractbelongto?

WeintroduceanewlanguagerepresentationmodelcalledBERT,whichstandsforBidirectionalEncoderRepresentationsfromTransformers.Unlikerecentlanguagerepresentationmodels(Petersetal.,2018;Radfordetal.,2018),BERTisdesignedtopre-traindeepbidirectionalrepresentationsbyjointlyconditioningonbothleftandrightcontextinalllayers.Asaresult,thepre-trainedBERTrepresentationscanbefine-tunedwithjustoneadditionaloutputlayertocreatestate-of-theartmodelsforawiderangeoftasks,suchasquestionansweringandlanguageinference,withoutsubstantialtask-specificarchitecturemodifications.BERTisconceptuallysimpleandempiricallypowerful.Itobtainsnewstate-of-the-artresultsonelevennaturallanguageprocessingtasks,includingpushingtheGLUEbenchmarkto80.4%(7.6%absoluteimprovement),MultiNLIaccuracyto86.7%(5.6%absoluteimprovement)andtheSQuADv1.1questionansweringTestF1to93.2(1.5absoluteimprovement),outperforminghumanperformanceby2.0.(Mingetal.2018)Reference:

JacobDevlin,Ming-WeiChang,KentonLee,KristinaToutanova:BERT:Pre-trainingofDeepBidirectionalTransformersforLanguageUnderstanding.NAACL-HLT(1)2019:4171-4186.ATheBPMRC/DmodelBTheIMRC/Dmodel

CTheresult-drivenabstractDThestructuredabstract

第12题单选题(1分)Whattypeofabstractsdoesthefollowingabstractbelongto?

Purpose

–

Theaimofthispaperwastoexaminetheincrementalvalidityofpositivepsychologicalcapital(PsyCap)inpredictingseveralimportantemployeeoutcomeswhilecontrollingforafullrangeofpersonalitytraits.Design/methodology/approach–

Usingacross-sectionalfieldstudydesign,theauthorscollecteddatafrom373employeesinSouthKorea.

Findings–

Hierarchicalmultipleregressionanalysesrevealedthatemployees’PsyCapisrelatedtotheirperceivedperformance,turnoverintention,workhappiness,andsubjectivewell-being,evenaftercontrollingfortheBigFivepersonalitytraits.Researchlimitations/implications–

BycontrollingfortheBigFivetraits,thisstudywasabletoevaluatetheroleofPsyCapmoreprecisely.However,asthedatawerecollectedfromthesamesourceatonepointintime,commonmethodvarianceisapotentialissue.

Practicalimplications

–

Thefindingssuggestthatmanagersneedtofocusondevelopingemployees’PsyCap,givenitsuniqueeffectontheoutcomevariables.Socialimplications–

Bydevelopingemployees’PsyCap,organizationscouldturnworkintoasignificantsourceofhappinessandlifesatisfactionfortheiremployees.Originality/value–

ThisstudyidentifiedthebroadanduniqueeffectofPsyCaponworkandlifeoutcomesbeyondpersonalitytraits.KeywordsPerformance,Turnoverintention,BigFivetraits,Psychologicalcapital,Subjectivewell-being,WorkhappinessPapertypeResearchpaperReference:

YongdukChoiandDongseopLee.Psychologicalcapital,BigFivetraits,andemployeeoutcomes./0268-3946.htm.ATheBPMRC/Dmodel

BTheIMRC/Dmodel

CTheresult-drivenabstractDThestructuredabstract

3.Exercises第1题判断题(1分)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse.

Justastherearedisciplinarydifferencesandjournal-specificrequirementsinthebasiccomponentsofabstracts,therearealsodifferencesinthelinguisticfeaturesofabstracts(tenses,voicesandstatementstyles).第2题判断题(1分)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse.

Theemploymentofthepresenttense,theactivevoiceandthepersonalstylesuchas“we+verbs”orthepresent/pasttense,thepassivevoiceandtheimpersonalstyleisjustthewritingstyleoftheauthor(s).第3题判断题(1分)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse.Thepresenttense,theactivevoiceandthepersonalstyleareemployedtodescribetheresearchobjectivelyandscientifically.第4题判断题(1分)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse.Theemploymentofthepresent/pasttense,thepassivevoiceandtheimpersonalstyleaimtohighlighttheauthors'contribution.第5题判断题(1分)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse.Themaindifferencebetweenthepresenttenseandthepasttenseisthatthepresenttenseisusedtointroduceestablishedknowledgeortruthwhilethepasttenseisnormallyusedtorefertoone’sownwork.第6题判断题(1分)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse.

AccordingtoGraetz(1985),inthepast,theabstractischaracterizedbytheuseofpasttense,thirdperson,passive,andthenon-useofnegatives.第7题判断题(1分)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse.

AccordingtoHyland(2008),nowacademicwritinghasgraduallylostitstraditionaltagasanobjective,facelessandimpersonalformofdiscourseandcometobeseenasapersuasiveendeavourinvolvinginteractionbetweenthewriterandthereaders.第8题判断题(1分)Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse.AccordingtoSwales(1990),frontmatter(theforegroundingofresults,theuseofthepresenttenseintheactiveformandtheapparentmanipulationofthebasicIMRC/Dstructure)isbeingincludedinjournalabstractsattheexpenseoftheirsummarizingcontent.第9题单选题(1分)Abstract1

Identifyingnewproductopportunitiesmustbeaprerequisiteforafirm'ssustainablegrowthsinceitcanhelpcreatenewmarketsegments.Inthisregard,anumberofstudieshaveattemptedtosuggestsystematicmethodstodiscovernewtechnologicalopportunities.However,fromthesemethods,itisdifficulttofigureoutwhichproductscancomeintothemarketasaresultofthetechnologicalopportunities.Moreover,theyhavetriedtomeasuregenericpotentialvalueswithoutconsideringaspecifictargetfirmsoitishardtojudgewhetherthediscoveredopportunitiesaretechnicallyfeasibletothetargetfirm.Theseproblemstendtoreducethepracticalityofthediscoveredtechnologicalopportunities.Therefore,thispaperproposesasystematicapproachtoidentifypotentialproductopportunitiesbyreflectingthetargetfirm'sinternalcapabilities.Thecapabilitiesareinherentlyunobservablesoweneedtofigureoutsubstitutesforthefirm'scapabilities.Theexistingproductsbelongingtoafirmcanbegenerallyabasisfordevelopingnewproducts.Thefirmisalreadygoodatdealingwiththeexistingproductssoweconsiderthefirm'sexistingproductportfoliositsinternalcapabilities.Wefirstextractproductinformationfrompatentdatabaseusingtextminingtechnique,andthengenerateproductconnectionrulesrepresentedasdirectedpairsofproducts.Finally,weevaluatepotentialvalueofproductopportunitiestakingintoaccountafirm'sinternalcapabilities.AnempiricalstudyisconductedtoshowtheapplicabilityofthepresentedapproachusingpatentsgrantedintheUnitedStatesPatentandTrademarkOfficeduring2009and2013.Weexpectthatourapproachcanfacilitateproduct-orientedR&Dbypresentingafront-endmodelfornewproductdevelopmentandderivingfeasibleproductopportunitiesaccordingtothetargetfirm'sinternalcapabilities.Moreover,thepresentedsystematicapproachcanbeabasisforanR&DplanningsystemthatcanhelpR&Dplannersinperformingproduct-orientedtechnologyplanningactivities.Reference:

WonchulSeo,JanghyeokYoon,HyunseokPark,Byoung-youlCoh,Jae-MinLee,Oh-JinKwond.

Productopportunityidentificationbasedoninternalcapabilitiesusingtextminingandassociationrulemining

TechnologicalForecasting&SocialChange

[J].105(2016)94–104.Analyzethelinguisticfeaturesoftheaboveabstract,identifythetenses,voicesandstatementstylesanddecidewhichoneofthefollowingunderlinedpartsisnotcorrect.

Thelinguisticfeaturesofabstract1ismainlythepresenttense,theactivevoice,

andtheimpersonalstylewhichcanbeillustratedby“weneedto…”insentence7,

“weconsider…”insentence9and“wefirstextract…andthengenerate…”

insentence10and“weevaluate…”insentence11and“weexpect…”in

sentence13aimingmainlytohighlighttheauthors’contribution.AthepresenttenseB

theactivevoiceC

theimpersonalstyleDtohighlighttheauthors’contribution第10题单选题(1分)Abstract2Thispaperpresentsaconsensus-basedrobustcooperativecontrolframeworkforawideclassoflineartime-invariant(LTI)systems,namelyNegative-Imaginary(NI)systems.Outputfeedback,dynamic,StrictlyNegative-Imaginary(SNI)controllersareappliedinpositivefeedbacktoheterogeneousmultiinput–multi-output(MIMO)plantsthroughthenetworktopologytoachieverobustoutputfeedbackconsensus.RobustnesstoexternaldisturbancesandmodeluncertaintyisguaranteedviaNIsystemtheory.CooperativetrackingcontrolofnetworkedNIsystemsispresentedasacorollaryofthederivedresultsbyadaptingtheproposedconsensusalgorithm.Numericalexamplesarealsogiventodemonstratetheeffectivenessofproposedrobustcooperativecontrolframework.(Wangetal.2015:64)Reference:

JiananWang,AlexanderLanzon,IanR.PetersenRobustcooperativecontrolofmultipleheterogeneousNegative-Imaginarysystems

Automatica

61(2015)64–72.Analyzethelinguisticfeaturesoftheaboveabstract,identifythetenses,voicesandstatementstylesanddecidewhichoneofthefollowingunderlinedpartsisnotcorrect.

Thelinguisticfeaturesofabstract2aremainlythepresenttense,theactivevoice,

andthe