专题02 语法填空 （知识梳理+考点精讲精练+实战训练）（原卷版）

/专题02语法填空目录TOC\o"1-2"\h\u明晰学考要求 1基础知识梳理 1考点精讲讲练 2考点一：动词形式填空 2考点二：词性转换填空 2考点三：从句连接词填空 2考点四：冠词介词填空 2实战能力训练 41.掌握基础语法规则2.理解句子结构和语境3.准确判断所需词性和形式4.规范书写答案（一）考查内容全面性学考语法填空题考查的内容相当全面，涵盖了英语语法学习的多个重要方面。时态语态：考查学生对各种时态和语态的掌握情况，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等，以及主动语态和被动语态的正确运用。例如："Lastyear,anewbridge______(build)overtheriver."这里考查一般过去时的被动语态，正确答案是"wasbuilt"，学生需要根据时间状语"lastyear"判断时态，根据主语和动词的关系判断语态。非谓语动词：考查动词不定式、动名词和分词的正确使用。例如："______(see)fromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful."这里考查现在分词作状语，正确答案是"Seen"，表示被动关系。词性转换：考查根据句子成分需要进行的词性转换能力。例如："The______(important)oflearningEnglishisobvious."这里考查形容词转换为名词，正确答案是"importance"。从句连接：考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等的连接词使用。例如："Thisistheschool______Istudiedfiveyearsago."这里考查定语从句关系词，正确答案是"where"。冠词介词：考查冠词a,an,the的正确使用以及常用介词的搭配。例如："Hegoesto______schoolbybuseveryday."这里考查零冠词的用法，正确答案是不填冠词。（一）动词形式填空考查形式及示例：学考会考查动词在不同时态、语态和非谓语形式下的正确变形。例如："Sofar,we______(learn)over2,000Englishwords."这里考查现在完成时，正确答案是"havelearned"，学生需要根据时间状语"sofar"判断使用现在完成时。解题技巧：首先分析句子结构，判断空白处需要谓语动词还是非谓语动词。如果是谓语动词，就要根据时间状语、主语单复数等确定时态和语态。如果是非谓语动词，就要分析其在句中的成分，确定使用不定式、动名词还是分词形式。答题注意事项：注意主谓一致，特别是第三人称单数形式。注意不规则动词的变化形式，如go-went-gone,write-wrote-written等。注意被动语态的构成形式be+过去分词。（二）词性转换填空考查形式及示例：学考会考查根据句子成分需要进行词性转换的能力。例如："Thechildrenareplaying______(happy)inthegarden."这里考查形容词转换为副词，正确答案是"happily"，因为需要副词修饰动词。解题技巧：分析空白处在句中的成分，确定所需词性。如果修饰名词，通常需要形容词；如果修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，通常需要副词。注意一些常见的词缀，如-tion,-ment,-ness构成名词，-ful,-able构成形容词，-ly构成副词等。答题注意事项：注意拼写变化，如happy→happily,true→truly等特殊变化。注意一些容易混淆的词性，如hard既是形容词又是副词，而hardly却是"几乎不"的意思。（三）从句连接词填空考查形式及示例：学考会考查各类从句连接词的正确使用。例如："Iwillwaithere______youcomeback."这里考查时间状语从句连接词，正确答案是"until"。解题技巧：分析从句类型，如果是定语从句，要看先行词在从句中充当什么成分；如果是状语从句，要根据逻辑关系选择连接词；如果是名词性从句，要注意连接词在从句中是否充当成分。答题注意事项：注意that在定语从句和名词性从句中的不同用法。注意what不能引导定语从句。注意状语从句中连接词的词义区别，如because,since,as都表示原因，但语气不同。（四）冠词介词填空考查形式及示例：学考会考查冠词和介词的基本用法和固定搭配。例如："Heisgood______playingbasketball."这里考查介词固定搭配，正确答案是"at"。解题技巧：对于冠词，要区分特指和泛指，注意单数可数名词前必须加冠词。对于介词，要掌握常见介词的基本含义，更要记忆固定搭配。答题注意事项：注意零冠词的使用情况，如三餐、球类运动、学科名称前通常不用冠词。注意一些容易混淆的介词，如in,on,at表示时间的区别。例题精练，举一反三1.Sofar,we______(learn)over3,000Englishwords.2.Thebook______(write)byafamousauthorlastyearisverypopular.3.IfI______(be)you,Iwouldacceptthatjoboffer.4.Hemadeasuggestionthatwe______(hold)ameetingtodiscusstheproblem.5.Bythetimewearrived,thefilm______already______(begin).6.Itisimportantforus______(protect)theenvironment.7.Themoreyoupractice,the______(good)yourEnglishwillbe.8.I'llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogetherinthecountryside.9.Notonly______helikeEnglish,buthealsospeaksitverywell.10.Theteachertoldusthatlight______(travel)fasterthansound.11.______(see)fromthetopofthemountain,thecitylookslikeagarden.12.ThisisthemostinterestingnovelthatI______ever______(read).13.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepassoonashe______(lie)down.14.I'mlookingforwardto______(receive)yourletter.15.Itwasinthispark______wefirstmeteachother.16.Theproblemrequires______(deal)withimmediately.17.Hardly______hearrivedhomewhenitbegantorain.18.Thechildrenareplaying______(happy)inthegarden.19.Itisnouse______(cry)overspiltmilk.20.Shesuggestedthatwe______(start)earlythenextday.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。1Thefirststepofice1(fish)isgettingthenet,whichisusuallyovertwokilometerslong,readytoputundertheice.Thentheworkerswillputthenetdownata2(choose)spot,andtakeitupinthedistanceofthevastlake.3thisisactuallyachievedisaninterestingprocess.First,aseriesofholesaredrilledintotheiceaboutameterandahalfthick.Theydrillaholeevery50metersorsoandthey’llkeepdoingthatuntilthey’vedrilledtheholestheentirewayaroundacirclewithadiameter(直径)oftwokilometers.Meanwhile,anotherteamgetstowork,4(extend)themainholeusinga(n)5(convention)icepick.Eventually,alongpieceofbamboowill6(employ)tothreadtheropeofthenetintothenextholetheyhavedrilled50metersaway.Andtheseguyswillcontinuelikethataroundtheentireoutsideofthecircleuntiltherope7(reach)theothersideofthecircletwokilometersaway.Atthesametime,backatthemainhole,thenetisbeingloweredslowly8surely,meterbymeteruntilit’s9(complete)submergedundertheice.Inthedistance,thediggershavereachedtheothersideofthecircleandarenowworkingondiggingtheholethatthenetwilleventuallycomeout10.2Asthecountdowntothe2022BeijingWinterOlympicscontinues,thenewhigh-speedrailwayline11（connect）thecapitalwithOlympichostcityZhangjiakouhasjustenteredservice.Itcutsthetraveltime12thetwofromthreehoursto47minutes.Butthisisn’tjustanotherbullettrain.Thisbeauty,partofChina’sFuxingseries,canrunupto350kilometersperhourwithoutadriver,13（say）tobetheworld’sfirstsmarthigh-speedrailway.Sowhatmakesthem“smart”?Well,thecarriages14（equip）with5Gsignals,intelligentlightingandsensorstocollectreal-timedataanddetectanyoperationalabnormalities.Meanwhile,eachindividualseathas15（it）owntouch-screencontrolpanelandwirelesschargingdocks.Thoughthehigh-speedtrainsontherouteareautonomous,16monitoringdriverwillbeonboardatalltimes.Thetrainscan17（automatic）start,stopandadjusttothedifferentspeed18（limit）betweenstations.Backatthestation,robotsandfacialrecognitiontechnologiescanhelppassengerswithdirections,luggageandpaperlesscheck-ins.Today,Chinaishometotheworld’slargesthigh-speedrailnetwork,andthe19（fast）commerciallyoperatingtrain—theShanghaimaglev.AccordingtotheChinaStateRailwayGroup,1,036Fuxingbullettrainshavebeenputintooperationsince2017,20theserieswerefirstlaunched.3Therearemomentsinlife21youmisssomepeoplesomuchthatyoujustwanttopickthemfromyourdreamsandhugthemforreal!Whenonedoorofhappinesscloses,22opens,butoftenwelooksolongatthecloseddoorthatwedon'tseetheonewhich23(open)forus.Don'tgoforlooks;theycandeceive(欺骗).Don'tgoforwealth;eventhatfadesaway.Goforsomeone24makesyousmilebecauseittakesonlyasmiletomakeadarkdayseembright.Dreamwhatyouwant25(dream);gowhereyouwanttogo;bewhatyouwanttobe.The26(happy)peopledon't27(necessary)havethebestofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthat28(come)alongtheirway.Thebrightestfuturewillalwaysbebasedona29(forget)past.Whenyouwereborn,youwerecryingandeveryone30youwassmiling.Liveyourlifesothatwhenyoudie,you'retheonewhoissmilingandeveryonearoundyouiscrying.4AgirlwhohasagiftfordrawingIwenttoanexhibitionlastmonth,31Iadmiredalotofwonderfulpaintings.Mary,32drawingswereshownattheexhibition,isamodelstudent33isoftenpraisedforhergoodworkatschool.Assoonaswegotintotheexhibitionhall34thepaintingswereonshow,oureyeswerecaughtbyaverylargepicture35washungonthewallinfrontofus.Thehorse36wasdrawninthepicturewasexactlylikearealhorse.Theman37wasridingonitlookedlikealivingman.Itwasthebestpicture38Ihadeverseen,andIshouldsayMaryisthebestyoungpainter39Ihaveeverheardof.However,youwillbequitemistakenifyouthinkthatMarywasbornagoodpainter.OneofherteacherstoldmethatithadtakenMarythousandsofhourstolearnandpractisedrawingbeforeshebecamethebestyoungpainter40haseverbeenheardofinherhometown.Butifyousaythatshehaslearnedtobesogoodatdrawingonlybyworkinghardatit,Iwillcertainlyagreewithyou.5Differentcountrieshavewildlydifferentformsofgreeting.IntheUSA,whenyoupassbysomeoneyouknow,anodisacceptable,andyouusuallyshakehandswithsomeoneyoufirstmeet.ButinLatincountries,afirmhandshake41(consider)rude.Inmyhomecountry,Mauritius,whenpeoplemeet,theyusuallykisseachother42thecheeks.ThisisalsocommoninFrance,43theactiscalledfairelabise.However,thisisnot44universalrule.DuringmyfirstweekintheUSA,IkissedeverysinglegirlImet.Myfriendshadtotellmethatthatwasinappropriate,45(leave)meingreatembarrassment.Whatiscommonhere,however,isforfriends46(hug)eachother–somethingIwasnotusedto.Hugsalwaysmakeme47(frighten)becauseIdon’treallylikethat.Thismayseemstrangesinceevenkissing48(stranger)isnormalinmycountry.NowthatIthinkaboutit,Ihatecheek-kissingaswell.Wouldn’titbe49(enjoy)tohaveagreetingcodethatis50(wide)acceptable?I’mnotsayingweshouldstartdoingthat,butwecansurelydosomethingtoavoidmisunderstanding.6Redenvelopeshaveplayed51importantpartinChineseNewYearforaslongasanyonecanremember.Sowhat’sthestorybehindtheredenvelopesduringChineseNewYear?Onepopularstory52(date)backtotheQinDynasty,whentheelderlywouldthreadcoinsontoaredstring.Thismoney53(call)yasuiqianinChinese,meaning“moneyprotectingoneselffromevilspirits”,andwasbelievedtoprotectelderpeoplefromsicknessand54(die).Astheprintingpressbecamemorecommon,theyasuiqianwasreplaced55redenvelopes.Anotherlegendtellsofavillage56ademon(恶魔)wouldterrorizechildrenatnight.Itwasbelievedthatthedemonwouldtouchthechildren’sheadswhiletheywereasleep,57(cause)seriousillness.Fromthere,atheoryemergedthatwhentheyprayed,thegodwouldsendeightfairiestoprotectthechild.Thefairieswoulddisguise(伪装)58(they)aseightcoinsandhideunderthechild’spillow.Whenthedemongotclose,thecoinswouldbegintoshinevery59(bright),blindingthedemon.Wordbegantospreadandthevillagersstartedgivingredenvelopes60(fill)withcoinstoeachothertoputundertheirpillowsatnight.Astimepassed,redenvelopesbecameawaytobringgoodluckandprosperitytothereceiver.7Awomaninbluejeansstoodatthewindowof61expensiveshop.Thoughshehesitatedforamoment,shefinallywentinandaskedtoseeadress62wasinthewindow.Theassistantwhoservedherdidnotlikethewayshewasdressed.63(look)atherscornfully,hetoldherthatthedress64(sell).Thewomanwalked65oftheshopangrilyanddecidedtopunishtheassistantnextday.Shereturnedtotheshopthefollowingmorningdressedinafurcoat,66ahandbaginonehandandalongumbrellaintheother.67seekingouttherudeassistantsheaskedforthesamedress.Notrealizingwhoshewas,theassistantwaseagertoserveherthistime.Withgreat68(difficult),heclimbedintotheshopwindowtogetthedress.Assoonasshesawit,thewomansaidshe69(not)likeit.Sheenjoyed70（she）makingtheassistantbringalmosteverythinginthewindowbeforefinallybuyingthedressshehadfirstaskedfor.8Fido,alittledog,wasveryanxioustogetthefavoronhismaster.Hetookcare,however,

neithertobetroublesome,71wouldhefollowhimintothelivingroomunlesshewasasked.Healsotriedtomake72(he)usefultohiskindmaster.Hewoulddriveawaystrangepigsandotheranimals73cameintotheyard．Oncewhenhismasterwassick,Fido74(lie)attheroomdooranddidnotleave,eventogethisfood．Whenhismasterwaswellenough,Fido75(admit)intotheroom,andshowedsomanysignsofjoythathismasterwasmorefond76himthanever．Fidoevenhadachanceof77(save)hismaster'slife．HismasterwassleepinginasummerhousewithFidoathisside．Suddenly78dogsawthewallshake,anddirtfallfromtheceiling．Fidoknewthattherewasdanger,andbeganbarking79(awake)hismaster．Asthisdidnotsucceed,hejumpedup,and80(gentle)bithisfinger．Hismasterhadjusttimetogetoutofthedoorwhenthewholebuildingfell．Fidowashurtbysomeoftherubbish．Andhismasterhadhimkindlytakencareoftillhegotwell．9Languageissometimeswrittenasacodesothatpeoplecancommunicatesecrets.During81SecondWorldWar,theGermanNavy（海军）usedacodetosendmessages.TheBritishbrokethecodeand82（learn）aboutmanyGermanplans.TheJapanesealsousedacodetotalkto83（they）shipsatsea.ItwascalledthePurpleCode.AlthoughtheAmericanssoonbrokethiscode,theJapanesedidn’tknowit84（break）.In1942,theAmericansbegantousetheirowncodetosend85（secret）.AfewNavajo（纳瓦在人）Indiansmadethiscode86（base）ontheirlanguage,whichonlysomeAmericanIndiansspoke.ThecodedescribedafewthingstheAmericanarmydid.Onlytheycouldunderstandthiscode,sotheywentw