专题05 阅读技巧与题材归类：不同文体（记叙、说明、议论）的阅读方法与常见设问方式（知识清单广东专用）（原卷版）

/专题05阅读技巧与题材归类：不同文体（记叙、说明、议论）的阅读方法与常见设问方式一、记叙文阅读技巧1.抓住六要素：时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)、结果(how)2.理清叙事线索：时间顺序、空间顺序、事件发展顺序3.分析人物特征：通过语言、动作、心理描写分析人物性格4.理解环境描写：社会环境描写和自然环境描写的作用5.把握情节发展：开端(beginning)、发展(development)、高潮(climax)、结局(ending)6.体会作者情感：通过细节描写体会作者态度和情感倾向7.注意修辞手法：比喻(simile)、拟人(personification)、排比(parallelism)等8.理解文章主旨：通过整体阅读把握文章中心思想重要短语：plotdevelopment情节发展characteranalysis人物分析mainidea主旨intheend最后turnout结果是常见设问方式：1.Whatisthemainideaofthestory?2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?3.Howdidthecharacterfeelwhen...?4.Whathappenedintheend?5.Whydidthecharacterdo...?6.Whatistherelationshipbetween...?7.Wheredidthestorytakeplace?8.Whatwouldprobablyhappennext?二、说明文阅读技巧1.抓住说明对象：明确文章说明的事物或事理2.理清说明顺序：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序3.掌握说明方法：举例子(exemplification)、列数字(statistics)、作比较(comparison)、分类别(classification)4.理解文章结构：总分式、并列式、递进式等结构特点5.把握事物特征：通过关键词语把握说明对象的特征6.注意语言特点：准确、严谨、客观的语言风格7.分析段落关系：段落之间的逻辑联系8.理解专业术语：结合上下文理解专业词汇的含义重要短语：forexample例如suchas比如inotherwords换句话说thatistosay也就是说accordingto根据常见设问方式：1.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?2.Whatisthemainfeatureof...?3.Howdoestheauthorexplain...?4.Whatisthecorrectorderof...?5.Whatmethoddoestheauthoruseto...?6.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?7.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?8.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?三、议论文阅读技巧1.找出中心论点：明确作者的观点和主张2.识别论据类型：事实论据、数据论据、理论论据3.分析论证方法：举例论证、对比论证、因果论证4.理解论证结构：提出问题、分析问题、解决问题5.把握作者态度：支持(support)、反对(oppose)、中立(neutral)6.识别连接词语：表示因果、转折、递进等关系的词语7.分析段落功能：引言段、正文段、结论段的作用8.评估论证效果：论据是否充分，论证是否合理重要短语：inmyopinion在我看来frommyperspective从我的角度来看ontheonehand一方面ontheotherhand另一方面inconclusion总之常见设问方式：1.Whatistheauthor'smainargument?2.Whatevidencedoestheauthorprovide?3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowards...?4.Withwhichstatementwouldtheauthoragree?5.Whatisthepurposeofthe...paragraph?6.Howdoestheauthorsupporthisargument?7.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthepassage?8.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?四、实用文体阅读技巧1.应用文：注意格式特征和实用目的2.新闻报道：抓住5W1H要素3.广告宣传：识别宣传目的和说服技巧4.科技文章：理解专业术语和科学概念5.图表数据：分析数据趋势和相互关系6.说明书：注意操作步骤和使用注意事项7.书信邮件：理解写信目的和情感态度8.公告通知：抓住关键信息和具体要求重要短语：dueto由于asaresult结果inaddition另外forinstance例如insummary总之常见设问方式：1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?2.Whoistheintendedaudience?3.Whatshouldyoudoif...?4.Whatinformationcanyougetfromthechart?5.Whatisthedeadlinefor...?6.Howcanyoucontact...?7.Whatistheadvantageof...?8.Wherewouldyouprobablyseethispassage?五、阅读解题核心技巧1.快速浏览(skimming)：快速阅读获取大意2.扫读(scanning)：寻找特定信息3.猜测词义(guessingmeaning)：通过上下文猜测生词4.理解指代(understandingreference)：弄清代词所指内容5.推理判断(makinginferences)：根据已知信息进行推理6.理解隐含意思(understandingimpliedmeaning)：理解言外之意7.识别写作目的(identifyingpurpose)：识别作者的写作意图8.评价文章(evaluatingthepassage)：评价文章的可信度和价值重要句式：Thepassagemainlydiscusses...文章主要讨论...Theauthor'sattitudeis...作者的态度是...Itcanbeinferredthat...可以推断出...Theword"..."probablymeans..."..."这个词可能意思是...Thepurposeofthepassageisto...文章的目的是...一、根据所给词的适当形式填空1.Thenovelissaid________(translate)intomorethan20languages.2.Notonly________(be)heagreatscientist,buthewasalsoatalentedmusician.3.Ifit________(rain)tomorrow,thesportsmeetwillbepostponed.4.Theproblemrequires________(deal)withimmediately.5.Itisessentialthattheplan________(carry)outsmoothly.6.Bythetimeheretires,he________(work)forthiscompanyfor40years.7.Theboywaslastseen________(play)neartheriver.8.Sodifficult________theexamthatmanystudentsfailed.9.I'dratheryou________(nottell)himthenewsyesterday.10.Thebuilding________(construct)nowwillbeanewlibrary.11.Hardly________hebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.12.It'snouse________(cry)overspiltmilk.13.Thenumberofstudentsinthisschool________(be)increasingsteadily.14.WereIinyourposition,I________(accept)theoffer.15.Thebookiswellworth________(read)asecondtime.16.Nosooner________theannouncement________(make)thanprotestsbegan.17.Heobjectedto________(treat)likeachild.18.ItisthefirsttimethatI________(visit)thiscity.19.Onlybypracticingconstantly________youimproveyourEnglish.20.Ifeellike________(go)forawalkafterdinner.二、选择题1.________theprojectintime,weworkeddayandnight.A.FinishingB.TofinishC.FinishedD.Finish【答案】B2.Ifhe________myadvice,hewouldn'tbeintroublenow.A.tookB.hastakenC.hadtakenD.takes3.Notuntilmidnight________working.A.didhestopB.hestoppedC.stoppedheD.hedidstop4.Thehousewants________,butwecan'tafforditatpresent.A.torepairB.repairingC.repairedD.beingrepaired5.Itisrequiredthateverystudent________thesafetyrules.A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.hasobeyed6.Bynextyear,she________hereforfiveyears.A.willworkB.willhaveworkedC.hasworkedD.works7.Soexcited________thathecouldn'tfallasleep.A.washeB.hewasC.didheD.hedid8.Iremember________himatthepartylastnight.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.saw9.Hadyouarrivedearlier,you________thefamousscientist.A.wouldmeetB.wouldhavemetC.metD.hadmet10.Never________suchabeautifulsunsetbefore.A.IhaveseenB.haveIseenC.IsawD.didIsee11.Theteacherdoesn'tpermit________intheclassroom.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.smokingD.smoked12.It'stimewe________tobed.A.goB.wentC.willgoD.havegone13.Onlywhenyouhavetriedityourself________howdifficultitis.A.youwillknowB.willyouknowC.youknowD.doyouknow14.Thefilmisworth________twice.A.toseeB.seeingC.seeD.seen15.Ifit________foryourhelp,Iwouldn'thavesucceeded.A.wasnotB.werenotC.hadnotbeenD.hasnotbeen16.Little________abouthisownsafetyatthattime.A.doeshecareB.hecaredC.didhecareD.hecares17.Isuggestthatwe________ameetingtodiscusstheproblem.A.holdB.heldC.willholdD.haveheld18.Thequestionistoodifficult________.A.toanswerB.answeringC.answeredD.tobeanswered19.Notasingleword________whenheheardthebadnews.A.didhesayB.hesaidC.saidheD.doeshesay20.Heisconsidering________anewcar.A.tobuyB.buyC.buyingD.bought三、阅读理解A（2025年全国普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语（模拟卷02））TheFIFAWorldCupcametoanendinDecember2022.ButtheloveforsoccerisstillverymuchaliveandwellinZibo,ShandongProvince.Ziboiscalled“thehomeofsoccerball”.It’sthebirthplaceoftheancientChinesesportofcuju.In2004,cujuwontherecognitionofFIFA—soccer’sgoverningbody—astheearliestformofsoccer.TheChinesecharactercumeanstokick.Jumeansanancienttypeofleatherball.Ithasfeathers(羽毛)orgrainchaff(谷糠)inside.TheancientChinesehistoricaltextZhanGuoCesayscujuwasaformofamusementamongcommonpeople.ButduringtheHanDynasty,soldiersplayedcujuforarmytraining.DuringtheTangDynasty,womenplayedcujuattheroyalcourt(朝廷)fortheamusementoftheemperors.ItenteredthegoldenageintheSongDynastywhenitbecamepopularamongeveryclass.Yet,the2,000-year-oldgameslowlygotoutofpeople’slivesduringtheMingDynasty.LiWeipeng,34,fromLinzidistrictofZibocity,isaseventh-generationinheritor(传承人)ofcuju.Hehasbeenpracticingcujuskillsfor18years.Masteringdifferentcujuskillsisnoteasy.“Atthebeginning,Ispenteighthoursadaypracticingjuggling(颠球)aball.Itwastiring,”LitoldChinaDaily.Henowcanjuggleaballwithhisfootover10,000timesinarow.TeachingstudentscujumovesisapartofLi’sjob.ThetraditionalChinesesportcujuisnowpopularatprimaryandmiddleschoolsinLinzi.“Studentsshowgreatinterestinplayingcuju.Itencouragesmetopromotetheancientsport,”Lisaid.1．WhyisZibocalled“thehomeofsoccerball”?A．Becausecujuwasbornthere. B．Becausepeopletherelovesoccer.C．BecausethereisabranchofFIFA． D．Becausemodernsoccerbeganthere.2．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A．Thewayofmakingcuju. B．Thedevelopmentofcuju.C．Thevalueofcujutotheworld. D．ThepopularityofcujuamongtheChinese.3．IntheMingDynasty,cuju_______.A．wasusedtotrainsoldiers B．wasenjoyedbytheemperorsC．becamepopularamongwomen D．slowlydisappearedinpeople’slives4．WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutLiWeipeng?A．Heistheonlyinheritorofcuju.B．Hethinksiteasytolearncujuskills.C．Henowpractisescujueighthoursaday.D．Hepassesdowncujuskillstotheyoungergeneration.5．Whatthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Zibo—acityofsoccerfans B．Cuju—itsyesterdayandtodayC．Soccer—apopularsportinChina D．LiWeipeng—adevotedinstructorofcujuB（2026年广东省普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语（模拟卷01））Earthquakesaresomethingthatpeoplefear.Therearesomeplacesthathavefeworearthquakes.Mostplacesintheworld,however,havethemregularly.Countriesthathaveaofearthquakesareusuallyquitemountainous.Themost-talked-aboutearthquakeintheUnitedStateswasinSanFranciscoin1906.Over700peoplediedinit.ThestrongestoneinNorthAmericawasin1964.IthappenedinAlaska.Strongearthquakesarenotalwaystheonesthatkillthemostpeople.In1755,oneofthestrongestearthquakeseverrecordedwasfeltinPortugal.Around2,000peopledied.In1923,averystrongearthquakehitTokyo,YokohamaareaofJapan.140,000peopledied.Mostofthemdiedinfireswhichfollowedtheearthquake.OneoftheworstearthquakeseverwasinChinain1976.Itkilledalargenumberofpeople.TheworstearthquakeeverreportedwasalsoinChina,inwhich830,000peoplewerekilled.Thisearthquakehappenedin1556.Earthquakesworrypeoplealot.Thereasonisthatweoftendonotknowwhentheearthquakesarecoming,andpeoplecannotprepareforthembeforehand.6．HowmanypeoplediedintheearthquakeinPortugal?A．About2,000. B．Around90,000. C．Over830,000. D．Above700.7．Whichwastheworstearthquakeeverreported?A．Portugal,1755. B．Japan,1923. C．China,1056. D．America,1906.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beforehand”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Forsure. B．Withcare. C．Byhand. D．Inadvance.9．Peopleoftenworryabouttheearthquakesbecause________.A．weoftendonotknowwhentheearthquakesarecomingB．peoplecannotprepareforthembeforehand.C．bothAandBD．strongearthquakesoftenkillthemostpeople.10．Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Earthquakesarenotlikelytocausebigfires.B．Earthquakesoftenhitpeopleunexpectedly.C．Mountainouscountrieshavenoearthquakes.D．Strongearthquakesoftenkillthemostpeople.C（2024-2025学年度广东省春季高考英语模拟试题）Imaginethatthebatteryonyourmobilephonehasrunout.Youcan’tmakeanycallsforhelpandnoonecancontactyou.Youareallalone,andwell,notquite.Justreachintoyourpocketandtakeoutapieceofsugar.Putitintothebattery,waitaminuteandyouarebackonthephone.ThankstoacoupleofAmericanscientists,thissituationcouldbecomereal.SwadeshChaudhuriandDerekLovelyhaveinventedthe“bacteria(细菌)battery”.Thiskindofbatterygetsitspowerfrombacteriathateatsugarandturnitintoelectricity.“Thisisaspecialorganism(有机体),”Lovelysaid.“Youcangetenoughelectricitytopoweracellphonebatteryforaboutfourdaysfromaspoonfulofsugar.”Inthepast,bacteriabatterieshavebeenexpensiveandnotlong-lasting.Butthisbatteryusesamoreefficientbacteriumthatcanturn80percentofsugarintoelectricalenergy.Thisis30percentmorethansimilarbatteriescanmanage.Thebacteriabatterycouldbecomeassmallasahouseholdbattery.Itisalsocheapandstable(稳定的),becausesugarcanbetakenfromwasteandcrops.Butthesugar-to-electricityprocessisnotsatisfactoryasitcouldtakeweeksforthebacteriatochangeacupofsugarintoelectricity.Anditproduces“greenhouse”gaseswhichpollutetheenvironment.Thescientistsunderstandthereisalotmoreworktobedone.“Itisstillyoung,”saidLovely.“Wherewearenowiswheresolarpowerwas20or30yearsago.”Healsobelievesthebatterywillbeusedinscientificequipmentatthebottomoftheocean.Ocher’sideasincludeusingsugarinthebloodtorunmedicaldevicesinthehumanbodyandtakingsugarfromanimalwastetoprovideenergytopowerhomesinthecountryside.11．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Aneffectivewaytorepairthemobilephone. B．Ascientificinventionofanewtypeofbattery.C．Acleanenergytoreducethecarbondioxide. D．Anewkindofmobilephoneanditsfuture.12．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofthenewly-developedbattery?A．Convenient. B．Stable. C．Inexpensive. D．Quick.13．Whichofthefollowingarethescientistsworkingontoimprovethenewbattery?A．Increasethebacteria. B．Solvethepollutionproblem.C．Bringdowntheprice. D．Changethesizeofthebattery.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceactuallymean?A．Thebacteriabatterysharessomesimilaritieswithsolarenergy.B．Scientistswillcontinuetheirworkuntiltheyfindsolarpower.C．Thereisstillmuchroomfortheimprovementofthebacteriabattery.D．Thebacteriabatterywillbeaspopularassolarpowerintwentyorthirtyyears.15．Accordingtothelastparagraph,whowillfindthebacteriabatterylessuseful?A．Divers. B．Farmers. C．Doctors. D．Cooks.四、完形填空D（2025年全国普通高中学业水平合格性考试英语（模拟卷02））OneSundaymorninginJune,mymotherwalkedintomyroom.“Surprise!”shesaid,proudlyholdingupayellow__1___withblackandwhitestripes.“Imadeitjustforyou.Whatdoyouthink?”Ibitmytongue.HowcouldItellMumitwasthe___2__dressIhadeverseen?“It’sperfectforchurch,”mothercontinuedhappily.“Iwish___3__hadmadeadresslikethisforme.”Toobadyoucan’twearit,Ithought.ButIknewMumhadspentalotoftimeonthedress.Onlytheworld’smostungratefuldaughterwouldrefuse.UnwillinglyI__4___thedress.AllthroughchurchIprayed,“Lord,letmegetoutofhere___5__anyoneseeingme.”EspeciallyDennisPearce,theboyIhadacrush*on.HewasoneofthecutestboysatNeptuneHighSchool.__6___wewereinsomeofthesameclasses,Dennishad___7__takenanynoticeofme.EverytimeIgotnearhim,Ibecametongue-tied.Attheendoftheservice,Ihurriedtothedoor.ButIhadtowaitonthestepswhilemyparentschattedwith___8__friends.Justalittlewhilelonger…ThenoutofthecornerofmyeyeIsawthePearcecoming.BeforeIcould___9__,Denniswasrightbesideme.Istartedtalkingamileaminute,hopingifIkeptituphewouldn’t__10___myawfuldress.“I’mgoingtocollegeinSeptember,”Isaid.“That’sgreat,”Dennisreplied,“Igotacceptedtopoliceacademy.”Tobea__11___ishisdreamallthetime.“Wow!”Isaid.SomehowIkeptthe__12___going.Soonwewerewalkingtotheparkinglottogether.Wefellinlovethroughcollege,andfinallygotmarried.MonthsafterourweddingIaskedDennis__13___herememberedthedayhehadfirstaskedmeout.“YoubetIdo”,hesaid.“Youwerealways___14__inschool,almostcold-hearted.Ididn’tthinkyou’dbemuchfun.Butyouweres