专题05 考前必背阅读词汇归纳及对点精练（知识清单江苏专用）（原卷版）

3/3专题05考前必背阅读词汇归纳及对点精练知识点1旅游交通类词汇1.tourismn.旅游业2.touristn.游客3.tourn.&v.旅行4.book/reservev.预定5.hoteln.酒店6.museumn.博物馆7.galleryn.美术馆8.scenen.风景9.luggagen.行李10.suitcasen.手提箱11.cameran.相机12.packv.打包13.attractv.吸引14.attractiveadj.有吸引力的15.accidentn.事故16.fantasticadj.极好的17.splendidadj.壮丽的18.impressiveadj.令人印象深刻的19.transportn.交通20.airportn.机场21.flightn.航班22.airplanen.飞机23.delayv.&n.延期24.underground/subwayn.地铁25.taxin.的士26.truckn.卡车27.boardv.登上（船、飞机等）28.crossv.穿过29.crossroadsn.十字路口30.comfortableadj.舒适的31.breakdown（机器或车辆）出故障32.abookingoffice售票处33.payavisitto参观，拜访34.trafficjam交通堵塞35.makeareservation预定36.appealto…对……有吸引力37.checkin（在旅馆、机场等）登记38.checkout结账离开（旅馆等）39.putup投宿40.takeoff起飞41.placesofinterest名胜古迹42.single/doubleroom单人/双人间43.atrainschedule列车时刻表44.touristattractions旅游景点45.asharedbike共享单车46.book/reservearoom/ticket订房间/票47.break/observethetrafficrules/regulations违反/遵守交通规则48.aspringouting/anautumnouting春游/秋游知识点2生态旅游与发展类词汇1.ecotourismn.生态旅游2.balancen.&v.平衡3.absorbv.吸收4.atmospheren.大气5.environmentaladj.环境的6.chemicaladj.化学的n.化学制品7.destinationn.目的地8.protectv.保护9.renewableadj.可再生的10.caven.山洞11.coastn.海岸12.purifyv.（使）净化13.recyclev.使再循环14.restorev.恢复15.reusev.重复使用16.pollutionn.污染17.trashn.垃圾18.countrysiden.乡下19.waterfalln.瀑布20.grasslandn.草原21.peakn.山峰；顶峰22.raiseawarenessof提高……意识23.lowcarbon低碳24.putupatent搭帐篷25.keepecologicalbalance保持生态平衡26.windpower风能27.travelbrochure旅行指南28.environmentallyfriendly环保的29.environmentalprotection环保30.naturalscenery自然景观31.liveinharmonywithnature与自然和谐共处32.bekindtonature善待大自然33.solarenergy太阳能34.wildanimalsandplants野生动植物35.protecttrees保护树木36.water-savinghabit节约用水的习惯37.therulesandlawsofnature自然规律38.nationalpark国家公园39.checkin（在旅馆、机场等）登记40.checkout结账离开（旅馆等）41.packup收拾行装42.asummerresort避暑胜地43.be/getstuckin被困在……44.economyclass经济舱45.naturalresource自然资源知识点3自然灾害与防范类词汇与自然灾害相关的词汇1.floodn.洪水2.occurv.发生3.missingadj.失踪的4.earthquaken.地震5.collapsev.倒塌6.strickenadj.受灾的7.droughtn.旱灾8.burstv.爆裂，爆炸9.disastern.灾难10.typhoonn.台风11.destroyv.毁坏12.injuredadj.受伤的13.cutoff中断；切掉；阻挡14.inruins严重受损，破败不堪15.disaster-hitareas受灾地区16.washaway冲走，洗掉，冲掉17.digout挖掘18.dueto由于，因为19.rescuework救灾工作20.takeshelterfrom躲避21.beshockedat对……感到震惊与灾害防范相关的词汇1.trappedadj.被困住2.rescuev.营救，救助3.awareadj.意识到4.preventionn.预防5.predictv.预测6.urgentadj.紧急的7.strategyn.策略8.warnv.提醒，警告9.frightenedadj.害怕的10.measuren.措施11.preventv.阻止11.rightaway立刻，马上12.preparefor为……作准备13.raceagainsttheclock争分夺秒14.trappedpeople被困人员15.endangerthelivesof危及……的生命16.callonpeopletomakedonations呼吁人们进行捐款17.offerone'shelpinghands伸出救援之手18.causegreatdamage造成重大损害19.makeanefforttodosth.努力做某事知识点4主要国家地理概况类词汇1．foundationn．创建；基础；地基2．trunkn．树干3．equatorn．赤道4．fencen．篱笆，栅栏5．barbecuen．户外烧烤；烤架6．sceneryn．风景；景色7．freedomn．自由；不受……影响的状态8．peakn．顶峰；山峰；尖形9．getawayn．适合度假的地方10．urbanadj.城市的；都市的11．sessionn．一场；一段时间；会议12．nestn．巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点13．jointn．关节adj.联合的；共同的14．antiquen．古物；古董adj.古老的；古董的15．desertn．沙漠；荒原vt.遗弃；抛弃；放弃16．alongsideprep.在……旁边；与……一起adv.在旁边17．highlightn．最好或最精彩的部分vt.突出；强调；使醒目18．uniqueadj.独特的，稀罕的；[数]唯一的，独一无二的19．mistn．薄雾；水汽mistyadj.多雾的；模糊的20．bordern．国界；边界(地区)21．harbourn．(海)港；港口22．shoren．岸；滨23．premieradj.最著名的；第一的；首要的n．总理；首相24．ministern．部长；大臣；外交使节25．arrown．箭；箭头26．monumentn．纪念碑(或馆、堂、像等)；历史遗迹27．contraryto相反的；相对立的28．dryup枯竭29．benativeto原产于30．aflockof一群(羊或鸟)31．geysern．间歇泉32．prisonn．监狱；监禁33．slogann．标语；口号34．domainn．领域；领土；范围35．entitlevt.给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利36．grandadj.大；宏大的37．grizzlybearn．灰熊38．prairien．北美草原39．peakseason高峰季节40．owesthtosb欠(某人情)；把……归功于某人41．geothermalpark地热公园42．takesb’sbreathaway令人惊叹43．historiclandmark历史地标，历史遗迹44．historicalinsights历史见解，历史洞察力45．playapart/rolein在……中起作用；扮演一个角色46．approximatelyadv.大约；大概47．herbn．药草；香草；草本48．literallyadv.字面上；真正地49．coherentadj.有条理的；连贯的50．eventfuladj.充满大事的，多变故的；重大的，重要的51．reportagen．报告文学，报道文体；报道，新闻报道52．spectacularadj.壮观的；壮丽的；惊人的53．continentaladj.大陆的；大洲的54．extensiveadj.广阔的；大量的55．license(＝licence)vt.批准；许可n．许可证；执照56．districtn．地区；区域57．channeln．水渠；海峡58．frontiern．前沿；边界；前线59．geologicaladj.地质学的知识点5地球宇宙探索类词汇1．mankindn．人类2．absencen．缺乏，不存在；缺席3．facilityn．设施；设备4．rocketn．火箭；火箭弹5．telescopen．望远镜6．satelliten．人造卫星；卫星7．vehiclen．交通工具；车辆8．astronautn．宇航员，航天员9．launchvt.&n．发射；发起；上市10．spacecraftn．航天器；宇宙飞船11．spacewalkn．太空行走；太空行走的时间12．gravityn．重力，地球引力13．solarsystem太阳系；类太阳系14．InternationalSpaceStation国际空间站15．onboard在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上16．floatvi.飘动；漂流；浮vt.使浮动；使漂流17．orbitn．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行18．analysisn．(对事物的)分析；分析结果analyz(s)evt.分析19．botherv．使烦恼；花费时间精力(做某事)；打扰n．麻烦，困难20．universen．宇宙；天地万物21．drillingn．钻探；勘探22．downfalln．衰败23．fataladj.致命的；灾难性的24．giantadj.巨大的；伟大的n．巨人；巨兽；伟人25．incrediblyadv.极其，极端地；令人难以置信26．globen．地球；世界；地球仪27．arguevt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论28．astronomyn．天文学29．crewn．(飞机上的)全体机组人员30．checkout调查，检查31．high-endadj.高端的32．Marsn．火星33．Jupitern．木星34．shuttlen．航天飞机35．simulatorn．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器36．lifelikeadj.(图画、模型等)生动的，逼真的37．galaxyn．星系38．cosmicadj.宇宙的39．subatomicadj.亚原子的；原子内的40．particlen．粒子41．missionn．任务；使命，天职；太空飞行任务42．disciplinevt.训练n．训练，纪律43．hydrogenn．氢，氢气44．nuclearadj.核能的，原子能的；核武器的45．throwoneselfinto积极投入到……中去46．investigationn．调查47．substancen．物质48．microwaven．微波炉；微波49．invisibleadj.看不见的50．unexceptionaladj.平常的51．instantaneouslyadv.瞬间地52．administrationn．行政部门；管理，行政53．uncontrollablyadv.控制不住地54．polestarn．北极星55．cometn．彗星56．hazardousadj.有危险的，不安全的57．intriguev．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心58．spheren．天体59．planetn．行星60．constellationn．星座一、根据语境写出单词的汉语意思（一）写出下列句子中board的含义1．Ipostedaquestiononthemessageboard.______________2．Shehasaseatontheboardofdirectors.______________3．Freeroomandboardareprovidedforallhotelstaff.______________4．Havethepassengersgoneonboardyet?______________5．Theshipwasboardedbycustomsofficials.______________（二）判断下列句子中breakdown的含义6．IfGeorgekeepsonworkingsohard,he’llbreakdownsoonerorlater.7．Whatisknowntousallisthatthebacteriathatliveinthesoilhelptobreakdownourwastes.8．Onenightinthepouringrain,TawnyNelson’scarbrokedownontheroad.9．Attemptsmustbemadetobreakdownthebarrierbetweenthetwocommunities.（三）写出句中observe的含义10．Althoughthethiefwascareful,hewasstillobservedtostealintotheshoplastnightandcaught.11．Itiseveryone’sdutytoobservethetrafficrulestokeepoursocietyinorderandgoingontherighttrack.12．Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.13．MassesofpeopleobservetheChineseFarmers’HarvestFestivalwhichfallsontheAutumnalEquinox(秋分)ofthelunarcalendareachyear.二、单句语法填空1．Theystudiedwhetherorhowair(pollute)mightaffectthebody’sresponsetostress.2．Someofthegreatestproblemswefacetodayarethe(destroy)ofourenvironment.3．Lastnight,theysucceededinpreventingthefirefrom(break)out.4．Ifyouaregoingabroadforan(extend)periodoftime,youcouldprobablyconsiderrentingyourhouseout.5．Firstly,Ihavean(extend)knowledgeofourschool’shistoryandculture.6．Airpollutionisbecomingincreasinglyserious,sowemusttake(measure)tocontrolit.7．Thesun-driedclothessmellespeciallypleasantwhereIlive,thankstothe(absent)ofsmogandplentyofblueskyafternoonswithlotsoffreshair.8．Thefrighteningscenenearlyfrightenedmetodeath.So(frighten)wasIthatIwasonthevergeoftears.9．Icanget(injure)whiletrainingorplayingandthat’stheworst!10．Thequestioniswhyhebothered(make)thespeechatall.三、选词填空available,secure,analyze,persuade,gentle,conclusion,absence,career,accompany,combined,defeated,ban1．Theyhavesuccessfullytheoldwiththenewinthisroom.2．Aftermuchdiscussion,wefinallyreacheda.3．Thebabysitterwasvery,withthechildren,tellingthemasoftbedtimestory.4．Couldyoumetothedoctor’soffice?Idon’twanttogoalone.5．It’sdifficulttohimtochangehismindonceit’smadeup.6．Thecitycouncildecidedtosingle-useplasticstoreducepollution.7．Areyouforameetingtomorrowmorning?8．Beforewemakeadecision,weneedtothedatathoroughly.9．Theofanyclearevidencemadethecaseverydifficulttosolve.10．Hedecidedtochangehispathfromfinancetoteaching,seekingamorefulfillinglife.四、阅读理解AThereisthisgirlatschool,andwedon’treallygetalong.Shekeepsspreadingrumors(谣言)aboutmeandmyclassmatesstayawayfromme.WhatshouldIdo?——SamSomepeoplespreadrumorsasawaytoscareothersandgetpopularity.Butspreadingrumorsusuallymakespeoplefeels…Sowhatcanyoudoifyoufindyourselfthetarget(对象)ofrumorsandsocialbullying(欺凌)?Turntoatrustedadultforsupport.Talktosomeoneyoucantrust,likeaparent,teacher,orcoach.Letthatpersonknowwhatyou’regoingthrough.Keephimorherknowingwhat’sgoingon,evenasthingsstarttogetbetter.Atrustedadultisagoodlistenerwhocanhelpyoufeelmoresupportedandlessalone.Findyourfriends.Findafriendortwowhoarewillingtohelpyouandwhowon’tlistentorumors.Ifyouwant,sharehowyoufeelwiththosefriends.Don’tthinktoomuchaboutthesituation.Ifyoualwaysputitinyourmind,youmayhaveahardertime.Dosomethingtospareyourattentionandevenforgetit.Spendtimeandenergyhavingfunwithyourfriendsanddoingactivitiesyouenjoy.Speakup.Trytospeaktothegirlwho’sspreadingrumors.Don’tbeangryormean.Noshouting.Justsaywhatyouwantcalmlyandclearly.Afteryou’vesaidwhatyouwant,youcansimplywalkaway.Goingthroughasituationlikethiscanbedifficultandpainful.Bepositive,getsupportfrompeopleandtrytosaynotorumormakers.Thesethingscanhelpyougothroughadifficultsituationandcomeoutstronger.1．WhydidSamwritetheletter?A．Toaskforsomeadvice. B．Tosharehisschoollife.C．Totellpeoplenottospreadrumors. D．Toexplainwhypeoplespreadrumors.2．Whatistheproperwordinthesentence“Butspreadingrumorsusuallymakespeoplefeels...”?A．sorry B．smart C．sweet D．sad3．HowmanysuggestionsdoesthewritergiveSam?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.4．WhatshouldSamsaywhentalkingtothegirlwhospreadrumors?A．Iamsoangrywithyou!B．Stoptalkingbehindmyback!C．Stopspreadingtherumors,orIwillshoutatyou!D．Youdon’thavetolikemebutpleasestoptherumors.BDavidTyney,awinemakerfromMarlborough,NewZealand,firstvisitedNingxiain2012totakepartinawinemakingcompetition.Atthetime,heknewlittleaboutthisremoteregion(遥远的区域)innorthwestChina,andheneverthoughtthistripwouldstartastrongfriendshipbetweentwofarawaywineregions.Thecompetitionaimedtohelplocalprofessionals(专业人士)inNingxiaimprovetheirskillsandintroduceinternationalgrapevarieties(品种).SincehisparentslivedinBeijing,TyneyhadlongbeendrawntoChineseculture.ThecompetitiongavehimachancetoexploreNingxia’syoungbutpromisingwineindustry.Overthenexttwoyears,hereturnedseveraltimestoguidekeystepsinwinemaking—fermentation(发酵),oakaging(橡木桶陈酿),andbottling.Hisskillsanddevotionsoonmadehiswinesbecomepopular.Duringthistime,TyneymetKikiChen,auniversitystudentstudyingregional(地区的)development.Hehiredherasanassistant.HerstrongcommandofEnglishenabledTyneytocommunicateeffectivelywiththelocalfarmers.Butaproblemsoonappeared:Tyneywantedtowaitlongerbeforepickingthegrapessotheycouldbecomesweeterandtastier,butfarmerswantedtopickearlytosellheaviergrapesandearnmoremoney.ThedisagreementendedonlywhenTyney’swinewonaninternationalaward,provingthathismethodworkedeffectively.In2013,TyneyinvitedKikiChentovisitMarlborough.Whilethere,shesawthatbothareasweregoodforgrowinggrapes—dryweather,lotsofsun,andgoodsoil.Shealsolearnedthattheirwineindustriesbeganataboutthesametimeandweregrowinginasimilarway.Theycontactedlocalofficials(官员)andmetNeilHenry,whopointedoutakeyadvantage:thegrowingseasonswereopposite.WhileMarlboroughharvestsinMarchandApril,NingxiaharvestsinSeptemberandOctober—makingitpossibleforwinemakerstoworkallyearround.Whatbeganasasimplewinemakingexchangehasgrownintosomethingmuchbigger.Asthewineindustriesinbothregionsdevelopedsidebyside,cooperationslowlyspreadtoeducation,tourism,andculturalexchange.Thisgrowingfriendshipshowsthatstronginternationaltiesoftenbeginwiththeactionsofjustonepassionateindividual.5．Whatcanweinferaboutthe2012winemakingcompetition?A．ItwasNingxia’sfirstwinemakingcompetition.B．ItonlyintroducedforeigngrapestoNingxia.C．IthelpedTyneyknowmoreaboutNingxia’swineindustry.D．ItaimedtoattractforeignwinemakerstosettleinNingxia.6．WhydidTyneyandlocalfarmershaveaproblem?A．Tyney’swinewasnotpopularlocallyfirst.B．FarmersrefusedTyney’sharvesttimesuggestion.C．Tyneyrefusedtohirelocalfarmersforwinemaking.D．FarmersthoughtTyney’smethodsraisedcosts.7．WhatadvantageoftheoppositegrowingseasonsdidNeilHenrypointout?A．Theyallowedfarmerstogrowdifferentgrapes.B．Theyenabledwinemakerstoworkthroughouttheyear.C．Theyreducedgrapetransportationcosts.D．Theygavegrapesmoretimetogrow.8．Whatisthepassage’sprimarypurpose?A．Toshowone’seffortscanhelpinternationalcooperation.B．Toexplainhigh-qualitywine’stechnicalprocess.C．Tocomparetwowineregions’climateandsoil.D．ToencouragewinemakerstoworkinNingxia.CSkateboardingismorethanjustasport;it’samixofsoundsandsilence.Anewstudyshowsthatsoundisanimportant,yetoftenundervaluedpartofhowskateboardersconnectwiththeactivity.Skateboardersnotonlyseetheirenvironmentbutalsofeelandhearit.Photosandvideosmayshowtheamazingmoves,buttheydon’texpressthewholeexperience.Thesoundsfromthecitysurfaces—the“skatesound”—areakeypartoftheskateboardingexperience.

Thesesoundsenableskateboarderstocheckthesuccessoftheirmoves,testifsurfacesaresuitableforskating,andsendmessagestoothersaroundthem.However,thestudyintroducesaninterestingidea—the“skatesoundparadox(悖论)”.Skateboardersareawareofthetroublingnatureofthenoisetheyproduceandchangetheirbehavioraccordinglyincertainsituationstomakelessnoise.Skateboardersdescribethesoundofthesportasbothunpleasantandpleasant.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofExetercarriedoutinterviewswith18adultskateboardersagedbetween19and51fromdifferentplacesandexperiencelevels.Theyfoundthattheskatesoundmadepeoplefeelincluded,especiallythosewhomightfeelleftoutofmoretraditionalandregularsports.Interestingly,mostskateboarderswereagainsttheideaoflisteningtomusicthroughheadphones(耳机)whileskateboarding,viewingitasunfriendly.Thesportisconsideredasocialactivity,andwearingheadphonesbreakstheconnectionwiththegroupandtheoverallexperience.However,thosewhochosetolistentomusicthroughheadphoneswhileskateboardinghadtheirreasons.Musichelpedwithfocusforsomeskateboarders,whileheadphonesservedasasocialbarrier(障碍)forothers,offeringthemmoreconfidence.Thestudyshowsthattheskateboardisnotjustatoyorsportsobjectbutan“earunderthefeet”.Nexttimeyouhearthesoundsofwheelsandtheboardhittingtheground,thinkaboutwhatskateboardersarelisteningto.They’renotsimplymakingnoise.Skateboardersarelearningthroughtheirsenses,connectingwiththeirfriends,andperhaps,findingunusualpeaceinanoisyworld.9．Whatdoesthenewstudyfocuson?A．Thehealthbenefitsofskateboardingpractice.B．Thesocialconnectionsbetweenskateboarders.C．Theinfluenceofskateboardingoncityculture.D．Theroleofsoundinskateboardingexperiences.10．Howdoskateboardersbehavegiventhe“skatesoundparadox”?A．Stayingawayfromnoisyskatingareas.B．Payingattentiontosomesimplemoves.C．Valuingyettryingtocontrolthesound.D．Loweringthenoisethroughagroupeffort.11．Whatdidthefindingsfromtheinterviewsshowabouttheskatesound?A．Itdoesharmtohearingability. B．Itcreatesasenseofbelonging.C．Itraisesskateboarders’confidence. D．Itfitswellwithbackgroundmusic.12．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledointhelastparagraph?A．Findpeaceinfreestyleskateboarding.B．Respectskateboarders’traininghabits.C．Recognizethedangerofskateboarding.D．Considertheskatesound’sdeepermeaning.DAIkitchens,onceaconceptofsciencefiction,arenowarealityacrosstheglobe.Theseadvancedkitchensuserobotstoperformavarietyoftaskssuchasflippinghamburgers,fryingchicken,creatingpizzas,preparingsalads,andbakingbread.Themixtureofartificialintelligenceinthesekitchensallowsfortheinventionofrecipesbasedonthemolecularcompatibility(分子兼容性)ofingredients.ThebenefitsofAI-drivenkitchensextendbeyondmereconvenience.AIkitchensenablechefstobemorecreative,aswellasremovingrepetitive,boringtaskssuchaswashingthedishesorstandingforhours.Nothavingtocookmeansbeingabletospendmoretimewithfamilyorfocusonmoreurgenttasks.Forpersonalizedeating,AIcanprovidecountlessspecialdietsondemand.However,therearealsoriskstohumanwell-being.Cookingcanberelaxingandprovidesopportunitiesformanythings:gratitude,communication,adventure,independence,confidenceandmore,allofwhichmaybelostifnooneneedstocook.Familyrelationshipscouldbeaffectedifparentsandchildrenarenolongerworkingtogetherinthekitchen—asuitablespacetochat,incontrasttowhatcanfeellikeaninterrogation(盘问)atthediningtable.Moreover,thefoodserviceindustryfaceschallengesasmanyworkersmaystruggletoacquirenewskillsfordifferentjobs,despitethehopethattechnologywillcreatemorejobsthaniteliminates(消除).Inconclusion,theriseofAIkitchensshowsbothopportunitiesandchallenges.Whiletheyincreasetheefficiencyandcreativityintheculinaryworld(烹饪界),theyalsoraisequestionsaboutsocietyandfamily.Thebalancebetweendevelopingtechnologicaladvancementsandpreservingthehumanelementsofcookingcan’tbeignored.13．HowdoAIkitchensenhancethecreativityofchefs?A．Byprovidingmoreingredients. B．Byinventingspecialrecipes.C．Byreducingcookingtime. D．Byofferingcookingclasses.14．WhatisanegativeimpactofAIkitchensonfamilyrelationships?A．Increasedcookingtime. B．Moretimespenttogether.C．Lossofcookingasaninteractiveactivity. D．Improvedcommunication.15．Whatisachallengefacedbythefoodserviceindustry?A．Increasedjobopportunities. B．Morediversemenuoptions.C．Lowerfoodprices. D．Workers’strugglingtoacquirenewskills.16．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardAIkitchens?A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Indifferent. D．Objective.五、完形填空Itwasacoldwinter.Asnowstorm1ourtown.Thewind2allnightandthesnowwasblinding.Thenextmorning,mythreekidsandIgotoutofbedandwenttothewindow.Toour3,thehenhousewasgone!The4hadtakenourthreehenswithit.Iquickly5mywintercoatandscarf.MykidswatchedfromthewindowasIsteppedintothesnowstorm.Outside,thewindwasso6thatIcouldhardlystand.Icouldseenothing,butI7thefaint(微弱的)soundsofourhens.Afterawhile,Ifoundthe8heldontoanoverturnedbasket.Onebyone,I9pickedthemupandcarriedthembacktoasmallshed(棚)behindourhouse.Iplacedthemgentlyonthe10,andtheybegantocluck(咯咯地叫).AsIshutthesheddoor,Ilookedupandsawmychildren11