直接引语转间接引语练习题库

直接引语转间接引语练习题库一、引言直接引语（DirectSpeech）向间接引语（IndirectSpeech）的转换，是英语语法中逻辑转述能力的核心训练点。它要求学习者精准把控时态、人称、句式结构的联动变化，实现从“直接引用”到“间接转述”的自然过渡。本练习题库结合基础规则与典型场景，通过分层训练帮助学习者深化理解、提升转换能力。二、核心知识点梳理转换的核心逻辑是“语境一致性”：主句为过去时态时，从句需遵循“时态后退”原则；主句为现在时态时，从句时态保持不变。具体规则如下：1.时态变化（“后退”逻辑）一般现在时→一般过去时（如：*Iam*→*Iwas*）现在进行时→过去进行时（如：*Iamdoing*→*Iwasdoing*）现在完成时→过去完成时（如：*Ihavedone*→*Ihaddone*）一般过去时→过去完成时（如：*Idid*→*Ihaddone*）一般将来时→过去将来时（如：*Iwilldo*→*Iwoulddo*）2.人称变化（“一随主，二随宾，三不变”）第一人称（*I/we*）随主句主语变化（如：*Hesaid,"I..."*→*Hesaidthathe...*）第二人称（*you*）随主句宾语变化（如：*Sheaskedme,"You..."*→*SheaskedmethatI...*）第三人称（*he/she/they*等）保持不变3.指示代词与状语调整指示代词：*this/these*→*that/those*；*that/those*若指代明确可保留时间状语：*now*→*then*；*today*→*thatday*；*tomorrow*→*thenextday*；*yesterday*→*thedaybefore*地点状语：*here*→*there*4.句式结构转换陈述句：去掉引号，加*that*引导宾语从句（*that*可省略）。一般疑问句：去掉引号，加*if/whether*引导宾语从句，语序改为陈述语序。特殊疑问句：保留疑问词引导宾语从句，语序改为陈述语序。祈使句：改为*“ask/tell/ordersb.(not)todosth.”*结构。感叹句：用*that*引导从句，保留感叹语气（或转换为陈述语气的感叹结构）。三、分类练习题库（一）陈述句转换请结合时态、人称与状语规则，将直接引语转换为间接引语：1.Hesaid,"Iamastudent."转换：Hesaidthat____________________.2.Shetoldme,"Iwillgotoschooltomorrow."转换：Shetoldmethat____________________.3.Theteachersaid,"Theearthmovesaroundthesun."转换：Theteachersaidthat____________________.（二）一般疑问句转换将直接引语的一般疑问句转换为间接引语（用*if/whether*引导，注意语序）：1.Heasked,"AreyoufromChina?"转换：Heaskedme____________________.2.Theteacherasked,"DoesshelikeEnglish?"转换：Theteacherasked____________________.3.Sheasked,"Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?"转换：Sheaskedme____________________.（三）特殊疑问句转换保留疑问词，将特殊疑问句转换为间接引语（语序为陈述语序）：1.Sheasked,"Whatisyourname?"转换：Sheaskedme____________________.2.Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"转换：Heaskedme____________________.3.Theboyasked,"Whenwillthemeetingstart?"转换：Theboyasked____________________.（四）祈使句转换将祈使句转换为*“ask/tellsb.(not)todosth.”*结构：1.Themothersaidtoherson,"Cleanyourroom."转换：Themothertoldherson____________________.2.Theteachersaidtous,"Don'tbelate."转换：Theteachertoldus____________________.3.Hesaidtome,"PleasehelpmewithmyEnglish."转换：Heaskedme____________________.（五）感叹句转换将感叹句转换为*that*引导的间接引语（保留感叹语气或转换为陈述语气）：1.Shesaid,"Whatabeautifulfloweritis!"转换：Shesaidthat____________________.2.Hesaid,"Howclevertheboyis!"转换：Hesaidthat____________________.3.Theysaid,"Whatdeliciousfoodthisis!"转换：Theysaidthat____________________.（六）特殊情况转换（时态、人称复杂变化）结合“时态后退”“人称规则”完成转换：1.Hesaid,"Ihavefinishedmyhomework."（主句为过去时）转换：Hesaidthat____________________.2.Shesays,"Iamhappy."（主句为现在时）转换：Shesaysthat____________________.3.Hetoldme,"Youshouldhelpyoursister."（注意人称“二随宾”）转换：Hetoldmethat____________________.四、答案与解析（一）陈述句转换答案1.Hesaidthathewasastudent.解析：主句*said*为过去时，从句*am*（一般现在时）后退为*was*（一般过去时）；人称*I*随主句主语*he*变为*he*。2.Shetoldmethatshewouldgotoschoolthenextday.解析：主句*told*为过去时，从句*will*（一般将来时）后退为*would*（过去将来时）；*tomorrow*变为*thenextday*；人称*I*随主句主语*she*变为*she*。3.Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.解析：客观真理时态不变，因此*moves*保留一般现在时。（二）一般疑问句转换答案1.Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasfromChina.解析：一般疑问句用*if/whether*引导；语序改为陈述语序；主句*asked*为过去时，从句*are*（一般现在时）后退为*was*（一般过去时）；人称*you*随主句宾语*me*变为*I*。2.Theteacheraskedif/whethershelikedEnglish.解析：一般疑问句用*if/whether*引导；语序改为陈述语序；主句*asked*为过去时，从句*does*（一般现在时）后退为*did*？不，原句谓语是*like*，助动词*does*是一般现在时，因此从句时态后退为一般过去时，即*shelikedEnglish*。3.Sheaskedmeif/whetherIhadfinishedmyhomework.解析：一般疑问句用*if/whether*引导；语序改为陈述语序；主句*asked*为过去时，从句*have*（现在完成时）后退为*had*（过去完成时）；人称*you*随主句宾语*me*变为*I*。（三）特殊疑问句转换答案1.Sheaskedmewhatmynamewas.解析：保留疑问词*what*；语序改为陈述语序（*mynamewas*）；主句*asked*为过去时，从句*is*（一般现在时）后退为*was*（一般过去时）；人称*your*随主句宾语*me*变为*my*。2.HeaskedmewhereIlived.解析：保留疑问词*where*；语序改为陈述语序（*Ilived*）；主句*asked*为过去时，从句*do*（一般现在时）后退为*did*？不，原句谓语是*live*，助动词*do*是一般现在时，因此从句时态后退为一般过去时，即*Ilived*。3.Theboyaskedwhenthemeetingwouldstart.解析：保留疑问词*when*；语序改为陈述语序（*themeetingwouldstart*）；主句*asked*为过去时，从句*will*（一般将来时）后退为*would*（过去将来时）。（四）祈使句转换答案1.Themothertoldhersontocleanhisroom.解析：祈使句用*tellsb.todosth.*结构；人称*your*随主句宾语*herson*变为*his*。2.Theteachertoldusnottobelate.解析：否定祈使句用*tellsb.nottodosth.*结构。3.HeaskedmetohelphimwithhisEnglish.解析：带有请求语气的祈使句用*asksb.todosth.*结构；原句*me*（宾语）和*my*（物主代词）随主句主语*he*变为*him*和*his*。（五）感叹句转换答案1.Shesaidthatitwasaverybeautifulflower.（或保留感叹结构：*Shesaidthatwhatabeautifulfloweritwas!*）解析：感叹句转换为*that*从句，可保留*what*结构，或用“*very+形容词*”强化陈述语气的感叹。2.Hesaidthattheboywasveryclever.（或：*Hesaidthathowclevertheboywas!*）解析：同理，*how*引导的感叹句可转换为“*主语+was+very+形容词*”结构，或保留*how*结构。3.Theysaidthatthiswasverydeliciousfood.（或：*Theysaidthatwhatdeliciousfoodthiswas!*）解析：保留*what*结构，或调整为“*very+形容词+名词*”结构。（六）特殊情况转换答案1.Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomework.解析：主句*said*为过去时，从句*havefinished*（现在完成时）后退为*hadfinished*（过去完成时）；人称*I*随主句主语*he*变为*he*。2.Shesaysthatsheishappy.解析：主句*says*为现在时，从句时态保持不变；人称*I*随主句主语*she*变为*she*。3.HetoldmethatIshould