译林版高考英语一轮复习语法专题9　非谓语动词8年58考课件

语法部分专题九非谓语动词★★★★★(8年58考)知识网络过重难·解惑释疑1.

非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和动词不定式(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作，动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。Facinguptoyourproblemsratherthanrunningawayfromthemisthebestapproachtoworkingthingsout.勇敢面对你的问题而不是逃避它们是解决事情的最佳方法。Tocompletetheprogrammeneedsmucheffort.要完成这个项目需要很多努力。(2)it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。Itwasnousesendinghimtoahospital.送他去医院没有用。It'simportantforthefigurestobeupdatedregularly.定期更新数字是很重要的。考点一非谓语动词作主语和表语★★(8年5考)2.

非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和动词不定式。现在分词作表语意为“令人……的”，而过去分词作表语意为“(人)感到……的”。MydreamistoenterPekingUniversity.我的梦想是进入北京大学。Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。(令人害怕)Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightened.请描述一只受惊的狗。(狗感到害怕)注意：get、become、look、seem、appear等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语，表示被动或主语的状态。Weshouldn'tgetdiscouragedrightafterfailures.我们不应该在失败后马上就气馁。【真题感悟】单句语法填空1.

(2024新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Incoldweather,thestructurestays

________(close)toprotecttheplants.2.(2021全国甲卷)Itispossible_________(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometres.3.(2019天津卷)__________(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday'schildrenwillneedforthefuture.4.(2018北京卷)____________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.closedtowalkLearningTravelling1.

后接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)有admit、advise、allow、dislike、appreciate、avoid、doubt、enjoy、envy、can'thelp、delay、escape、can'tstand/bear、deny、excuse、consider、fancy、favour、mind、miss、figure、finish、oppose、pardon、resist、forgive、permit、imagine、postpone、risk、involve、practise、prevent、suggest、keep、quit、keepon、insiston、lookforwardto、feellike、getdownto、objectto、devoteoneselfto、beusedto(习惯于)、setabout、putoff等。考点二非谓语动词作宾语★★★★(8年12考)2.

后接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)有attempt、afford、agree、aim、arrange、enable、choose、neglect、demand、long、mean、expect、appear、determine、manage、pretend、desire、wish、offer、beg、fail、plan、bother、care、happen(碰巧)、prepare、decide、learn、hesitate、claim、hope、promise、want、refuse、seek、refuse、threaten、wouldlike等。3.

既可接动名词又可接不定式的动词(短语)有forget、remember、stop、regret、goon、mean、start、begin、try等，但意义上有区别。4.

need、require、want作“需要”讲以及deserve作“应受，应得”讲时，其后接动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动式。Theroadneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这条路需要(被)修。5.it作形式宾语，代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词。Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.我认为学好一门外语对我们来说很重要。【真题感悟】单句语法填空1.

(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether

_________(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.2.(2023全国乙卷)Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears___________(record)everythingIdiscovered.3.(2021全国甲卷)After__________(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!tobiterecordingspending4.(2019全国Ⅰ卷)Scientistshaverespondedby________(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.

5.(2018全国Ⅲ卷)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid_________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.notinglooking1.

“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词(短语)，如see、watch、observe、notice、lookat、hear、listento、feel，后面的宾语补足语有三种常见的非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句需补上不定式符号to)，doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成。Themissingboywaslastseenplayingneartheriver.失踪的男孩最后被看见是在河边玩耍。Shewasoftenheardtosingthissong.经常听见她唱这首歌。考点三非谓语动词作宾语补足语★★(8年7考)2.

使役动词后面的宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有make、leave、keep、have、get等。(1)宾语和宾语补足语之间表示主动的结构make/have/letsb.dosth.使得某人做某事getsb.todosth.使得某人开始做某事(强调使/让……开始行动起来)have/leave/keep...doingsth.使……(持续)做某事/保持某种状态(2)宾语和宾语补足语之间表示被动的结构make/get/havesth.done使/让某事被做3.

常跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise、allow、ask、beg、encourage、expect、forbid、force、get、intend、invite、like、order、persuade、prefer、require、teach、remind、tell、want等。Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfood.病人被警告不要吃油腻的食物。Theyencouragereaderstousethelibrary.他们鼓励读者使用图书馆。4.

with复合结构Witheverythingdone,Iwenthomehappily.因为一切都做完了，我开心地回家了。【真题感悟】单句语法填空1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Nanxiangaside,thebestxiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem

______________(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.2.(2020全国Ⅱ卷)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes__________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.3.(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimaginethemselveslivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor_________(walk)througharainforest.tobelifteddecoratedwalking4.(2019江苏卷)China'simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries____________(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.5.(2018全国Ⅲ卷)Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme_________(stay)andwatch.recognizingtostay1.

动词不定式作状语(1)通常表示目的，相当于inorderto或soasto，以示强调。Isavedeverycent(inorder)tobuyacar.为了买车，我存下每一分钱。(2)表示结果时常用于too...to、onlyto...、neverto等结构中。Theboyistooyoungtodresshimself.这个男孩太小了以至于不能自己穿衣服。Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolen.他急忙赶回家，却发现自己的钱被偷了。Helefthishometownin1938,nevertobeheardfromagain.他于1938年离开家乡，之后再也没有他的消息。考点四非谓语动词作状语★★★★(8年20考)(3)可用在某些形容词的后面Iamoverjoyedtohearthenews.听到这个消息我太高兴了。Theyaresuretowinthematch.他们一定会赢下这场比赛。2.

分词作状语分词作状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式和结果等。Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.(时间状语)听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。Givenmoretime,Icandotheworkbetter.(条件状语)如果多给一点时间，我能做得更好。Notknowinghisaddress,Ican'tsendthisbooktohim.(原因状语)由于不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书寄给他。Heputafingerinhismouth,tasteditandsmiled,lookingratherpleased.(伴随状语)他把一个手指放进嘴里，尝了尝，笑了，看起来挺高兴。注意：现在分词和onlytodosth.都可以表示结果，但是现在分词作状语表示顺理成章的结果，即由于前句动作的发生而自然造成的结果，而onlytodosth.表示出乎意料的(往往是不太好的)结果。Herparentsdied,leavingheranorphan.她父母双亡，留下她一个孤儿。Iranallthewaytothepostoffice,onlytofinditclosed.我一路跑到邮局，结果发现邮局关门了。【真题感悟】单句语法填空1.(2024新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Thesesepalsopenonwarmdays_________(give)theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.2.(2024新高考全国Ⅱ卷)ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford'sinternationalvisibility,saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazed_________(find)theconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.3.(2024新高考全国Ⅱ卷)___________(recall)watchingaChineseoperaversionofShakespeare'splayRichard

ⅢinShanghaiandmeetingChineseactorswhocametoStratfordafewyearsagotoperformpartsofThe

Peony

Pavilion,Edmondsonsaid,“ItwasveryexcitingtoheartheChineselanguageandseehowTang'splaywasbeingperformed.”togivetofindRecalling4.(2024浙江1月高考卷)However,ifyou'reshoppingforone,buyingextra_______(benefit)frompricereductionsdoesn'tmakesense.5.(2023全国乙卷)________________(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,Iwasamazedbytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.6.(2022全国甲卷)Heflew4,700kilometresfromXi'antoKashgaronSept.20,__________(plan)tohikebacktoXi'aninfivemonths.7.(2022全国乙卷)______________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia.tobenefitHavingvisitedplanningTostrengthen8.(2021浙江卷)Mary'ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover__________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.9.(2020天津卷)Thelocalgovernmentdoesn'thavetosacrificeenvironmentalprotection____________(promote)economicgrowth.10.(2019江苏卷)__________(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.

11.(2017北京卷)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.toplanttopromoteToenjoyranging1.

动词不定式作定语(1)动词不定式作定语表示将来的动作。Thequestiontobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.将在会议上讨论的那个问题是非常重要的。(2)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next、second、last、only和nota、the等限定词时，只能用动词不定式。MrPetersonisalwaysthefirstpersontoarriveatthetrainingcentre.皮特森先生总是第一个到达训练中心的人。考点五非谓语动词作定语★★★★(8年14考)(3)动词不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等的抽象名词，如ability、movement、effort、need、failure、opportunity、chance、courage、intention、reason、decision、method、determination、wish、time(时间)、promise、way等。Hehastheabilitytodothework.他有能力做这项工作。Theirdecisiontogiveuptheexperimentsurprisedus.他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。WhatisthebestwaytoteachEnglish?什么是教英语的最好方法？2.

分词作定语(1)现在分词表示主动意义；过去分词表示被动意义。Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.站在那儿的小孩是我弟弟。Thefrightenedchildstoodtherestill.那个吓坏了的小孩站在那里一动不动。(2)现在分词表示正在进行；过去分词表示状态或完成。Doyouwanttoseethedoctorworkingonthecasereportintheoffice?你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？Abrokencupislyingontheground.地上有一只破碎的杯子。动词不定式的被动式强调的是一个即将要发生的被动动作；现在分词的被动式表示一个正在进行的被动动作；过去分词表示发生在过去的被动动作。Thebuildingtobebuiltnextyearwillbeahotel.明年即将要建造的大楼将会是一个宾馆。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowwillbeahotel.正在建造的大楼将会是一个宾馆。Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisahotel.去年建造的这座大楼是一个宾馆。【真题感悟】单句语法填空1.(2024新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Twoyearslater,asix-metre-tallpavilion,__________(inspire)byThe

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Pavilion,wasbuiltattheFirsGarden,justtenminutes'walkfromShakespeare'sbirthplace.2.(2024浙江1月高考卷)Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarketshavestartedsellingc