2025年麻醉科医生规培面试医学英语试题及答案

2025年麻醉科医生规培面试医学英语试题及答案一、词汇与术语精译（共20题，每题1分，限时15分钟）1.将下列中文术语译为规范英文：(1)靶控输注(2)喉罩通气道(3)蛛网膜下腔阻滞(4)围术期神经认知障碍(5)快速序贯诱导(6)肺保护性通气策略(7)术中知晓(8)低体温性凝血病(9)术后恶心呕吐(10)超声引导锁骨下臂丛阻滞答案：(1)targetcontrolledinfusion(TCI)(2)laryngealmaskairway(LMA)(3)subarachnoidblock(4)perioperativeneurocognitivedisorder(5)rapidsequenceinduction(RSI)(6)lungprotectiveventilationstrategy(7)intraoperativeawareness(8)hypothermiainducedcoagulopathy(9)postoperativenauseaandvomiting(PONV)(10)ultrasoundguidedinfraclavicularbrachialplexusblock2.将下列英文术语译为精准中文：(11)desfluranevaporizer(12)trainoffourmonitoring(13)sugammadexreversal(14)cerebraloximetry(15)closedloopanesthesia(16)opioidinducedhyperalgesia(17)perioperativeanaphylaxis(18)fluidresponsiveness(19)ventilatorinducedlunginjury(20)pointofcareultrasound答案：(11)地氟烷蒸发器(12)四个成串刺激监测(13)舒更葡糖拮抗(14)脑氧饱和度监测(15)闭环麻醉(16)阿片诱导的痛觉敏化(17)围术期严重过敏反应(18)容量反应性(19)呼吸机相关肺损伤(20)床旁即时超声二、长难句汉译英（共5题，每题4分，限时20分钟）3.在合并严重主动脉瓣狭窄的非心脏手术患者中，若术前未进行超声心动图评估，则围术期发生急性左心衰的风险可增加至普通患者的3.8倍，且此类事件多发生于麻醉诱导后30分钟内。答案：Innoncardiacsurgicalpatientswithsevereaorticstenosis,theabsenceofapreoperativeechocardiographicassessmentincreasestheriskofacuteleftsidedheartfailureto3.8foldthatofthegeneralpopulation,andsucheventspredominantlyoccurwithin30minutesafterinductionofanesthesia.4.最新共识指出，对接受腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的患者，术中维持平均动脉压≥65mmHg且脑电双频指数值介于40–60之间，可显著降低术后1年内持续疼痛的发生率，其机制可能与抑制中枢敏化有关。答案：Thelatestconsensusstatesthatmaintainingameanarterialpressure≥65mmHgandabispectralindexbetween40and60duringlaparoscopicradicalresectionforcolorectalcancersignificantlyreducestheincidenceofpersistentpainoneyearaftersurgery,presumablybyinhibitingcentralsensitization.5.尽管右美托咪定已被证实可减少老年患者术后谵妄，但近期多中心随机对照试验发现，当负荷剂量超过1μg·kg⁻¹时，其引发的围术期低血压需使用血管活性药物干预的比例升高至42%，从而部分抵消了其神经保护获益。答案：Althoughdexmedetomidinehasbeenshowntodecreasepostoperativedeliriuminelderlypatients,arecentmulticenterrandomizedcontrolledtrialfoundthatwhentheloadingdoseexceeds1μg·kg⁻¹,theincidenceofperioperativehypotensionrequiringvasopressorinterventionrisesto42%,partiallyoffsettingitsneuroprotectivebenefit.6.若拟在门诊为肥胖儿童实施磁共振检查镇静，应避免使用丙泊酚单药方案，因为此类患者发生上呼吸道梗阻需紧急处置的概率高达17%，而联合应用右美托咪定与氯胺酮可在不延长苏醒时间的前提下将风险降至5%以下。答案：Forobesechildrenundergoingsedationformagneticresonanceimaginginanoutpatientsetting,apropofolonlyregimenshouldbeavoidedbecausetheincidenceofupperairwayobstructionrequiringemergencyinterventionreaches17%;combiningdexmedetomidinewithketaminereducestherisktobelow5%withoutprolongingemergencetime.7.在硬膜外分娩镇痛中，当局部麻醉药中添加脂溶性阿片类药物（如芬太尼2μg·mL⁻¹）时，应注意该配伍可透过胎盘屏障，导致新生儿出现短暂性呼吸抑制，其脐动脉血气pH值与药物暴露时间呈负相关（r=–0.62，P<0.01）。答案：Inepidurallaboranalgesia,theadditionofalipophilicopioidsuchasfentanyl2μg·mL⁻¹tolocalanestheticsshouldbeusedcautiouslybecausethecombinationcrossestheplacentaandmaycausetransientneonatalrespiratorydepression;umbilicalarterialpHvaluescorrelatenegativelywithdrugexposuretime(r=–0.62,P<0.01).三、临床情景完形填空（共10空，每空2分，限时15分钟）阅读下文，从括号内选择最佳词汇并用其正确形式填空：A78yearoldmanwithsevereCOPD(FEV₁38%predicted)isscheduledforemergencylaparotomyforperforatedpepticulcer.Afterrapidsequenceinductionwithetomidate0.3mg·kg⁻¹andsuccinylcholine1.5mg·kg⁻¹,thetraineeencountersgradeIVCormack–Lehaneview.Whileapplyingexternallaryngealpressure,thesaturationdropsto82%.Theattendingdecidestoinserta4.5mmcuffedendotrachealtubeovera(8)_______(stylet/fiberopticbronchoscope/gumelasticbougie).Ventilationisresumed,butpeakairwaypressurereaches38cmH₂O.Capnographyshowsasteepupslope,suggesting(9)_______(bronchospasm/pneumothorax/atelectasis).Sevofluraneisdiscontinuedandreplacedby(10)_______(intravenouspropofol/inhaleddesflurane/oralmidazolam)toreduceairwayirritation.ArterialbloodgasrevealsPaCO₂68mmHgandpH7.22.Themostappropriatenextstepisto(11)_______(increaserespiratoryrate/startinhaledalbuterol/insertchestdrain).After15min,theplateaupressureremains30cmH₂Owithtidalvolume6mL·kg⁻¹idealbodyweight,indicating(12)_______(acceptabledrivingpressure/ventilatorinducedlunginjury/obstructiveshock).Tofacilitateemergence,thetraineeconsidersswitchingto(13)_______(totalintravenousanesthesia/spinalanesthesia/awakeintubation)toavoidprolongedmechanicalventilation.However,thepatient’sstrongcoughreflexduringsuctioningsuggestsadequatereversalfromneuromuscularblockade,asevidencedbyatrainoffourratioof(14)_______(0.2/0.5/0.9).Finally,thecaseendswithskinclosureunderdeepplanesof(15)_______(remifentanil/ketamine/magnesium)infusiontoprovidepostoperativeanalgesiaandbluntsympatheticsurges.答案：8.gumelasticbougie9.bronchospasm10.intravenouspropofol11.startinhaledalbuterol12.acceptabledrivingpressure13.totalintravenousanesthesia14.0.915.remifentanil四、阅读理解深度解析（共3篇，每篇5题，每题2分，限时30分钟）PassageAEmergingevidenceindicatesthatmitochondrialdysfunctionindorsalrootganglianeuronsunderliespersistentpostsurgicalpain.Inamurinemodelofskinincision,researchersdemonstratedthatperioperativeadministrationofSS31(elamipretide),amitochondriatargetedantioxidant,reducedmechanicalallodyniaforupto21days.Thedrugpreservedadenosinetriphosphatesynthesisanddecreasedreactiveoxygenspeciesgeneration.Importantly,theseeffectswereabolishedwhenthemitochondrialpermeabilitytransitionporewasgeneticallyknockedin,confirmingacausallink.TranslationtohumansisunderwayviaaphaseIItrialrecruiting120patientsundergoingvideoassistedthoracoscopicsurgery(NCT04846323).Theprimaryendpointistheincidenceofmoderatetoseverepainat3months,definedasNRS≥4outof10.Secondaryendpointsincludequantitativesensorytestingandserumcytokineprofiles.16.ThestudyimpliesthatSS31exertsantinociceptionprimarilythroughwhichmechanism?A.InhibitionofvoltagegatedsodiumchannelsB.StabilizationofmitochondrialmembraneintegrityC.AntagonismofNmethylDaspartatereceptorsD.Blockadeofinterleukin6signaling17.Whichgeneticmanipulationvalidatedthemitochondrialpathway?A.OverexpressionofsuperoxidedismutaseB.KnockinofthemitochondrialpermeabilitytransitionporeC.DeletionoftheTRPV1geneD.Silencingoftheβarrestin2gene18.Theprimaryendpointoftheongoingclinicaltrialis:A.TimetofirstrescueanalgesicB.Incidenceofchronicpostsurgicalpainat3monthsC.LengthofhospitalstayD.Intraoperativeopioidconsumption19.Quantitativesensorytestingisusedtoevaluate:A.MitochondrialrespiratorychainactivityB.PainsensitizationphenotypesC.PulmonaryfunctionD.Gastricemptyingtime20.Themurineskinincisionmodelinthiscontextservesas:A.AmodelofneuropathicpainB.AmodelofinflammatorypainC.AmodelofpostsurgicalpainD.Amodelofvisceralpain答案：16.B17.B18.B19.B20.CPassageBUltrasoundguidederectorspinaeplaneblock(ESPB)hasgainedpopularityforthoracoabdominalsurgery.AdoubleblindRCTcomparedESPBwiththoracicepiduralanalgesia(TEA)in180patientsundergoingopenesophagectomy.TheESPBgroupreceived30mL0.375%ropivacainebilaterallyatT5,whiletheTEAgroupreceivedaninfusionof0.125%bupivacaineplusfentanyl2μg·mL⁻¹.Thecumulativemorphineequivalentconsumptionduringthefirst48hwasnoninferiorintheESPBarm(meandifference4.2mg;90%CI–2.1to10.5).However,theincidenceofhypotensionrequiringvasopressortherapywassignificantlylowerintheESPBarm(7%vs28%;P<0.001).Patientsatisfactionscoresat72hfavoredESPB(median9vs8ona10pointscale;P=0.008).Notably,pulmonarycomplicationsdidnotdifferbetweengroups(12%vs15%).TheauthorsconcludethatESPBprovidescomparableanalgesiawithsuperiorhemodynamicstability.21.Thestudydesignaimedtodemonstrate:A.SuperiorityofESPBoverTEAB.NoninferiorityofESPBcomparedwithTEAC.EquivalenceinsafetyoutcomesonlyD.Costeffectivenessoflocalanesthetics22.Theprimaryoutcomewas:A.IncidenceofpulmonarycomplicationsB.48houropioidconsumptionC.PatientsatisfactionD.LengthofICUstay23.TheropivacaineconcentrationusedforESPBwas:A.0.125%B.0.25%C.0.375%D.0.5%24.Whichadverseeventshowedastatisticallysignificantdifference?A.PulmonarycomplicationsB.ParesthesiaC.HypotensionrequiringvasopressorsD.Urinaryretention25.Themostappropriateconclusionforcliniciansis:A.TEAshouldbeabandonedB.ESPBisareasonablealternativetoTEAforopenesophagectomyC.ESPBreducespulmonarycomplicationsD.Ropivacaineissuperiortobupivacaineforallblocks答案：21.B22.B23.C24.C25.BPassageCVolatileanestheticspreconditioninghasbeenshowntoactivatehypoxiainduciblefactor1α(HIF1α),therebyconferringcardioprotectionviaupregulationofsurvivinandvascularendothelialgrowthfactor.Arecentmulticentertrialrandomized312patientswithmoderateleftventriculardysfunction(ejectionfraction35–50%)undergoingoffpumpcoronaryarterybypasstoreceiveeithersevoflurane1.0MACorpropofolbasedtotalintravenousanesthesia.Theprimaryendpointwas30daymajoradversecardiacevents(MACE).ThesevofluranegroupexhibitedlowerMACE(6.4%vs14.1%;hazardratio0.43;95%CI0.22–0.84;P=0.012).SerumtroponinIlevelsat24hwerealsoreduced(median0.22vs0.41ng·mL⁻¹;P=0.003).However,theincidenceofpostoperativedeliriumdidnotdiffer(9%vs11%).TheinvestigatorsattributethebenefittoHIF1αmediatedgenomicchangesdetectedinrightatrialtissuebiopsies.26.Thetranscriptionfactorcentraltocardioprotectioninthisstudyis:A.NFκBB.HIF1αC.STAT3D.PPARγ27.Theprimaryendpointfocusedon:A.30dayMACEB.1yearmortalityC.ICUlengthofstayD.Incidenceofdelirium28.Whichbiomarkerwasusedtoquantifymyocardialinjury?A.BtypenatriureticpeptideB.CreatinekinaseMBC.TroponinID.Lactatedehydrogenase29.Thestudyfoundnosignificantdifferencein:A.MACEB.TroponinIlevelsC.DeliriumrateD.SevofluraneMAC30.Tissueevidencefortheprotectivemechanismwasobtainedfrom:A.EndomyocardialbiopsyB.RightatrialbiopsyC.SkeletalmusclebiopsyD.Coronarysinusblood答案：26.B27.A28.C29.C30.B五、听力速记与复述（共2段音频，每段播放一次，语速140–160wpm，考生需用英文记录关键数据并口头复述，考官现场评分，满分20分）Audio1(excerptfromABAOSCEsample)“…The55yearoldfemalewithBMI42kg·m⁻²isnow30minutesintoalaparoscopicsleevegastrectomy.Peakairwaypressurehasrisenfrom28to45cmH₂O,andendtidalCO₂is52mmHg.Thesurgeonreportslossofcapnoperitoneum.Youauscultatebilateralwheezewithprolongedexpiration.ThearterialbloodgasshowspH7.19,PaCO₂68mmHg,andPaO₂145mmHgon50%O₂.TheORtemperatureis20°C,andthepatient’scoretemperatureis35.8°C.Yournextstepis…”任务：(1)用英文bulletpoints记录至少5项关键数据；(2)用30秒英文口头概括处理策略。参考答案：•55yfemale,BMI42•Peakairwaypressure↑28→45cmH₂O•EtCO₂52mmHg•pH7.19,PaCO₂68mmHg•Coretemp35.8°CManagement:deepenanesthesiawithpropofol,startinhaledalbuterol,adjustI:Eratioto1:3,warmpatient,ruleoutpneumothorax,considerarteriallinecontinuouscardiacoutputmonitoring.Audio2“…Aneonateof28weeks’gestation,weight1.1kg,isscheduledforinguinalherniorrhaphy.Theneonatologistinsistsonspinalanesthesiatoa