Linux零基础急速入门

Linux零基础急速入门第1看，[root@cloudcs~~#井子符号：代表当前用户为本地超管UID=0（用户名为$符号：代表普通用户UID不为0注意：linuxUIDuserid0谁就是老大，你名字叫不叫root都没所谓。[root@cloudcs~]#useradd[root@cloudcs~]#echoredhat|passwd--stdinhenryChangingpasswordforuserhenry.passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully.[root@cloudcs~]#grep-E"root|henry"/etc/passwd[root@cloudcs~]#vi/etc/passwd[root@cloudcs~]#grep-E"root|henry"/etc/passwd[root@cloudcs/]$su-henryLastlogin:ThuMay2517:00:43CST2023onpts/0[henry@cloudcs~]#使用init0[root@cloudcs~]#init使用poweroff[root@cloudcs~]#使用shutdown-hnow执行关机[root@cloudcs~]#shutdown-hshutdown-h5执行5分钟后关机[root@cloudcs~]#shutdown-hShutdownscheduledforSun2023-04-2810:33:16CST,use'shutdown-c'toshutdown-c执行取消关机[root@cloudcs~]#shutdown-使用init6[root@cloudcs~]#init使用reboot[root@cloudcs~]#使用shutdown-rnow执行重启[root@cloudcs~]#shutdown-rshutdown-r5执行5分钟后重启[root@cloudcs~]#shutdown-rShutdownscheduledforSun2023-04-2810:38:56CST,use'shutdown-c'toshutdown-c执行取消重启[root@cloudcs~]#shutdown-CD进入根目录[root@cloudcs~cd[root@cloudcs/]#mnt[root@cloudcs/]#cd/mnt/[root@cloudcsmnt]#tmp[root@cloudcsmnt]#cd/tmp/[root@cloudcstmp]#etc[root@cloudcstmp]#cd/etc/[root@cloudcsetc]#etc目录下面的sysconfig目录下面的network-[root@cloudcsetc]#cd/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/[root@cloudcsnetwork-scripts]#[root@cloudcsnetwork-scripts]#cd-bash:cd:/etc/passwd:Notadirectory<哥们儿！能不能好好看看提示的是啥？[root@cloudcsnetwork-scripts]#cd/etc/shadow-bash:cd:/etc/shadow:Notacd..返回上一级目录etc目录下面的sysconfig目录下面的network-[root@cloudcs~]#cd/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/[root@cloudcsnetwork-scripts]#cd[root@cloudcsnetwork-scripts]#cd..[root@cloudcssysconfig]#cd..[root@cloudcsetc]#cd..[root@cloudcs/]#mnt[root@cloudcs/]#cd/mnt/[root@cloudcsmnt]#tmp[root@cloudcsmnt]#cd/tmp/[root@cloudcstmp]#cd[root@cloudcstmp]#cd[root@cloudcsmnt]#cd[root@cloudcstmp]#cd不管在哪个目录中，直接cd[root@cloudcs~cd/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/[root@cloudcsnetwork-scripts]#cd[root@cloudcsLS[root@cloudcs~]#lsbinbootdevetchomeliblib64mediamntoptprocrootrunsbinsrvsystmpusrtmp[root@cloudcs~]#lsvmware-root_929-3980167385vmware-root_973-ls5lathr)ls-l以长模式显示[root@cloudcs~]#ls-l/total20lrwxrwxrwx.1rootroot7Jun222021bin->dr-xr-xr-x.5rootroot4096Mar1319:33drwxr-xr-x.20rootroot3180May2514:08[root@cloudcs~]#ll/total20lrwxrwxrwx.1rootroot7Jun222021bin->dr-xr-xr-x.5rootroot4096Mar1319:33drwxr-xr-x.20rootroot3180May2514:08[root@cloudcs~]#ls-latotal32dr-xr-x.2rootroot151May2514:18dr-xr-xr-x.17rootroot224Mar1319:31-rw.1rootroot1069Mar1319:35anaconda--rw.1rootroot764May2517:00-rw-r--r--.1rootroot18May112019-rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot51May2514:18-rw-r--r--.1rootroot129May112019显示家目录内容[root@cloudcs~lslattotal32-rw.1rootroot764May2517:00dr-xr-x.2rootroot151May2514:18-rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot51May2514:18-rw.1rootroot1069Mar1319:35anaconda-dr-xr-xr-x.17rootroot224Mar1319:31-rw-r--r--.1rootroot18May112019[root@cloudcs~]#ls-latrtotal32-rw-r--r--.1rootroot129May112019-rw-r--r--.1rootroot100May112019-rw-r--r--.1rootroot176May112019-rw-r--r--.1rootroot176May112019-rw-r--r--.1rootroot18May112019dr-xr-xr-x.17rootroot224Mar1319:31-rw.1rootroot1069Mar1319:35anaconda--rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot51May2514:18dr-xr-x.2rootroot151May2514:18-rw.1rootroot764May2517:00[root@cloudcs~]#ls-lathrtotal32K-rw-r--r--.1rootroot129May112019-rw-r--r--.1rootroot100May112019-rw-r--r--.1rootroot176May112019-rw-r--r--.1rootroot176May112019-rw-r--r--.1rootroot18May112019dr-xr-xr-x.17rootroot224Mar1319:31-rw.1rootroot1.1KMar1319:35anaconda--rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot51May2514:18dr-xr-x.2rootroot151May2514:18-rw.1rootroot764May2517:00PWD[root@cloudcsnetwork-scripts]#[root@cloudcsnetwork-scripts]#cd/tmp/[root@cloudcstmp]#pwdPASSWDpasswd[root@cloudcs~]#passwdhenryChangingpasswordforuserhenry.Newpassword:新密码BADPASSWORD:Thepasswordfailsthedictionarycheck-itdoesnotcontainenoughDIFFERENTcharactersRetypenewpassword:passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully.[root@cloudcs~]#echoHuawei12#$|passwd--stdinhenryChangingpasswordforuserpasswd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedCAT[root@cloudcs~]#catlocalhostlocalhost.localdomainlocalhost4::1localhostlocalhost.localdomainlocalhost6localhost6.localdomain6[root@cloudcs~]#cat/etc/passwd[root@cloudcs~]#catcat:/etc/selinux/:IsaTOUCH[root@cloudcs~]#touchabc[root@cloudcs~]#touchabc1abc2abc3[root@cloudcs~]#touchHOSTNAMECTL[root@cloudcs~]#hostnamectlset-hostnameVIM（重要[root@cloudcs~]#viiINSERT输入:wq:x:q!:wq:x只有内容发生变化才会更新yy命令进行复制（仅复制光标所在行在命令行模式下执行p命令进行粘贴（会在光标所在行的下一行进行粘贴5yy命令进行复制（复制光标所在行及下面4行udd命令进行删除（仅删除光标所在行5dd命令进行复制（删除光标所在行及下面4行ggShift+go在命令行模式下执行:setnu在命令行模式下执行:setnonu在命令行模式下执行:1,2m3命令把1到2行剪切到第3在命令行模式下执行/abc命令进行abcn命令显示下一个（配合/搜索使用Shift+n命令显示上一个（配合/搜索使用在命令行模式下执行:s/123/666/g命令将光标所在行的123替换为在命令行模式下执行:%s/666/888/gc命令将当前整个文件的666替换为E486:Patternnotfound:MKDIRmkdir[root@cloudcs~]#cd/[root@cloudcsmkdirabc[root@cloudcs/]#lsabcbootetclibmediaoptrootsbinsysusrbindevhomelib64mntprocrunsrvtmpvar[root@cloudcs/]#mkdirmkdir:cannotcreatedirectory‘abc/bbb/ccc/ddd’:Nosuchfileordirectory[root@cloudcs/]#mkdir-pabc/bbb/ccc/dddCPcp[root@cloudcscpaaa/tmp/[root@cloudcs/]#ls/tmp/aaa[root@cloudcs/]#cpabc/cp:-rnotspecified;omittingdirectory'abc/'[root@cloudcs/]#cp-rabc//tmp/[root@cloudcs/]#ls[root@cloudcs/]#cp-aaaaMV[root@cloudcs/]#mvabc//mnt/[root@cloudcs/]#mv/mnt/abc//mnt/bbb[root@cloudcs/]#ls/mnt/bbb[root@cloudcs/]#mvaaaccc[root@cloudcs/]#mvccc/tmp/MOUNT将光盘挂载到根下的mnt目录里[root@cloudcs~mount/dev/cdrom/mnt[root@cloudcs~]#mount/dev/sr0/mnt/把某个分区挂载到根下面的abc[root@cloudcs~]#mount/dev/sdb1RPM[root@cloudcs~]#rpm-ivhgcc-c++-4.8.3--i：install-v：verbose-h：humanbinTAR[root@cloudcs~]#tar-cvfaaa.tara1a2a3[root@cloudcs~]#tar-cvfa2.taraaa-c：create-v：verbose-f：filetar（.tar格式）[root@cloudcs~tarxvfaaa.tar-x：extract-v：verbose-f：filetar（.tar.gz格式）[root@cloudcs~tarzcvfaaa.tar.gzaaatar（.tar.gz格式）[root@cloudcs~tarzxvfaaa.tar.gztar（.bzipbzip2格式）[root@cloudcs~tarjcvfaaa.bzip2a1a2a3[root@cloudcs~tar-jxvfaaa.bzip2ZIP[root@cloudcs~]#zipabc.zipa1a2a3adding:a1(stored0%)adding:a2(stored0%)adding:a3(stored0%)unzip[root@cloudcs~]#unzipMAN[root@cloudcs~]#manmv[root@cloudcs~]#man\h第2Linux70halt0，否则电脑一开机1SingleusermoderootWindows2Multiuser，withoutNFS3FullMultiusermode24unused5X11X-Window6Reboot6，否则电脑一开机就进入重启模式会一直不ServerwithGUI5init3init5命令进行运行级别的切换。[root@henry~]#cat/etc/inittab#inittabisnolongerused.#ADDINGCONFIGURATIONHEREWILLHAVENOEFFECTONYOUR#Ctrl-Alt-Deleteishandledby/usr/lib/systemd/system/ctrl-alt-#systemduses'targets'insteadofrunlevels.Bydefault,therearetwomain#multi-user.target:analogoustorunlevel3#graphical.target:analogoustorunlevel5#Toviewcurrentdefaulttarget,run:#systemctlget-#Tosetadefaulttarget,#systemctlset-default系统用户1<=UID<=999，一般都是由程序创建，用于程序或者服务运行时候[root@henry~]#vim/etc/login.defsLinux用户创建：useradd用户查看：id用户切换：su用户删除：userdelr[root@henry~]#compgenu[root@henry~]#compgen-[root@henry~]#[root@henry~]#iduid=1000(henry)gid=1000(henry)groups=1000(henry)[root@henry~]#usermod-groothenry[root@henry~]#iduid=1000(henry)gid=0(root)groups=0(root)[root@henry~]#usermod-ghenryhenry[root@henry~]#idhenryuid=1000(henry)gid=1000(henry)groups=1000(henry)[root@henry~]#idrootuid=0(root)gid=0(root)groups=0(root)[root@henry~]#usermod-a-Ghenryroot[root@henry~]#idrootuid=0(root)gid=0(root)groups=0(root),1000(henry)[root@henry~]#gpasswd-droothenryRemovinguserrootfromgrouphenry[root@henry~]#idrootuid=0(root)gid=0(root)读权限read对于文件，用户可以读取内容；对于目录，用户可以针对目录里面的内容进行列表操作写权限wGroup（G）：文件或目录的所属组[root@henry~]#ll-rw-r--r--.1rootroot0May2920:12aaa.txt[root@henry~]#chmodu=rwx,g=r-x,o=rwxaaa.txt[root@henry~]#llaaa.txt-rwxr--rwx.1rootroot0May2920:12[root@henry~]#chmodo-waaa.txt[root@henry~]#llaaa.txt-rwxr--r-x.1rootroot0May2920:12aaa.txt[root@henry~]#chmodg+xaaa.txt[root@henry~]#ll-rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot0May2920:12aaa.txtchown修改角色[root@henry~]#chownhenryaaa.txt[root@henry~]#llaaa.txt-rwxr-xr-x.1henryroot0May2920:12aaa.txt[root@henry~]#chown:rootaaa.txt[root@henry~]#chown.rootaaa.txt[root@henry~]#llaaa.txt-rwxr-xr-x.1henryroot0May2920:12aaa.txt[root@henry~]#chownroot:rootaaa.txt[root@henry~]#llaaa.txt-rwxr-xr-x.1rootroot0May2920:12aaa.txtchgrp修改用户组[root@henry~]#chgrphenryaaa.txt[root@henry~]#llaaa.txt-rwxr-xr-x.1roothenry0May2920:12inode硬链接（Hardlink）inode文件的访问可以通过多个文件名进行。与之相对的，还有一种软链接（Symboliclink），它[root@henryhehe]#lnaaa.txt/tmp/aaaaa.txt[root@henryhehe]#ls-litotal34795765drwxr-xr-x.3rootroot17May2921:1767744770-rw-r--r--.2rootroot0May3015:27aaa.txt[root@henryhehe]#ls-li/tmp/aaaaa.txt67744770-rw-r--r--.2rootroot0May3015:27/tmp/aaaaa.txt[root@henry~]#ln-shehehehe_linkrwx:执行权限为10：---1：--2：-w-3：-wx4：r-5：r-x6：rw-7：rwuser/group/other[root@henry~]#chmod644aaa.txt[root@henry~]#chmod777aaa.txt[root@henry~]#chmod-R777hehehe第3章YUMYUM（全称为YellowdogUpdater,Modified）是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及CentOS中的ShellRPMRPM系统默认安装好之后，会在/etc/yum.repos.drepo[root@henry~]#lsCentOS-Stream-AppStream.repoCentOS-Stream-Media.repoCentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repoCentOS-Stream-NFV.repoCentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repoCentOS-Stream-PowerTools.repoCentOS-Stream-Extras-common.repoCentOS-Stream-RealTime.repoCentOS-Stream-Extras.repoCentOS-Stream-ResilientStorage.repoCentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repoCentOS-Stream-yum[root@henry~]#cd/etc/yum.repos.d/[root@henryyum.repos.d]#mkdirbak[root@henryyum.repos.d]#mv*.repobak/[root@henryyum.repos.d]#vimhenry.repo[root@henryyum.repos.d]#cathenry.reponame=baseurl=file:///mnt/BaseOSgpgcheck=0name=appbaseurl=file:///mnt/AppStreamgpgcheck=0[root@henryyum.repos.d]#yumclean29files[root@henryyum.repos.d]#yumrepolistallrepoidreponamestatusappappenabledososenable[root@henryyum.repos.d]#mount/dev/cdrommount:/mnt:WARNING:devicewrite-protected,mountedread-only.[root@henryyum.repos.d]#yuminstallreadline*[root@henryyum.repos.d]#yuminstallreadline*os0.0B/s|0B00:00Errorsduringdownloadingmetadataforrepository-Curlerror(37):Couldn'treadafile://fileforfile:///mnt/BaseOS/repodata/repomd.xml[Couldn'topenfileError:Failedtodownloadmetadataforrepo'os':Cannotdownloadrepomd.xml:Cannotdownloadrepodata/repomd.xml:Allmirrorsweretried\h阿里源|\h华为源第4/sys：linux2.62.6系统sysfs。sysfs3procdevfsdevpts/devDeviceLinuxLinux/mediawindowsUlinux该被删掉或清除。如果你的系统上有/var/run目录，应该让它指向run。/usr：windowsprogramfiles目录下第5章LVMLVMlvmLinuxLVMLVM使用LVM管理磁盘空间的主要优点是，它可以帮助管理员更好地利用硬盘空间，而无需在不LVM因此，为了更好地解决硬盘空间的管理问题，LVM作而不需要对数据进行备份和恢复，从而实现了更灵活和可靠的磁盘空间管理。此外，LVMLVLinux：OracleEnterpriseLinux（OEL[root@oel8202[root@oel8202~]#fdisk-[root@oel8202~]#fdiskWelcometofdisk(util-linuxChangeswillremaininmemoryonly,untilyoudecidetowritethem.Becarefulbeforeusingthewritecommand.Devicedoesnotcontainarecognizedpartitiontable.CreatedanewDOSdisklabelwithdiskidentifier0xdd4fd772.Command(mforhelp):nPartitiontype primary(0primary,0extended,4 extended(containerforlogicalpartitions)Select(defaultp):Usingdefaultresponsep.Partitionnumber(1-4,default1):Firstsector(2048-41943039,defaultLastsector,+sectorsor+size{K,M,G,T,P}(2048-41943039,default41943039):Createdanewpartition1oftype'Linux'andofsize5Command(mforhelp):tSelectedpartition1Hexcode(typeLtolistallcodes):Changedtypeofpartition'Linux'to'LinuxCommand(mforhelp):Disk/dev/nvme0n2:20GiB,21474836480bytes,41943040Units:sectorsof1*512=512Sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytesI/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytesDisklabeltype:dosDiskidentifier:BootEndSectorsSizeId204810487807 5G8eLinuxCommand(mforhelp):Thepartitiontablehasbeenaltered.Callingioctl()tore-readpartitiontable.Syncingdisks.[root@oel8202[root@oel8202~]#fdisk-Disk/dev/nvme0n1:50GiB,53687091200bytes,104857600Units:sectorsof1*512=512Sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytesI/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytesDisklabeltype:dosDiskidentifier:Disk/dev/nvme0n2:20GiB,21474836480bytes,41943040Units:sectorsof1*512=512Sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytesI/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytesDisklabeltype:dosDiskidentifier:BootEndSectorsSizeId204810487807 5G8eLinuxswap/创建物理卷[root@oel8202[root@oel8202~]#pvcreatePhysicalvolume"/dev/nvme0n2p1"successfully lvm25.00gVGFmtAttrPSize[root@oel8202~]#PVAllocatedFreeTotalPE5.00VGPVPV[root@oel8202~]#"/dev/nvme0n2p1"isanewphysicalvolumeof"5.00NEWPhysicalvolume--创建卷组[root@oel8202[root@oel8202~]#vgcreatevg1/dev/nvme0n2p1Volumegroup"vg1"successfullycreatedCurActVG<5.00PE4.00TotalAllocPE/0/FreePE/1279/<5.00VG[root@oel8202~]#VG#PV#LV#SNAttr VSizeVFree 0wz--n-<5.00g<5.00g[root@oel8202~]#Volumegroup--VGSystemMetadataMetadataSequenceNoVGMaxVGMAXCurOpen创建逻辑卷[root@oel8202[root@oel8202~]#lvcreate-L+500M-nlv1vg1Logicalvolume"lv1"created.LVLV500.00CurrentReadahead-currentlysetBlock[root@oel8202~]# VGAttr PoolOriginData%Meta%MoveLogCpy%SyncConvertlv1vg1-wi-a500.00m#LVLVCreationhost,timeoel8202,2022-01-3020:54:29LVWriteLVVGLVLV[root@oel8202~]#Logicalvolume--[root@oel8202~]#agcount=4,agsize=32000attr=2,finobt=1,sparse=1, blocks=128000,swidth=0=versionascii-ci=0,=internalblocks=1368,sunit=0blks,lazy-blocks=0,[root@oel8202[root@oel8202~]#mkdirMounted[root@oel8202[root@oel8202~]#mount/dev/vg1/lv1[root@oel8202~]#df-/dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 29M 6%[root@oel8202[root@oel8202~]#blkid/dev/vg1/lv1:UUID="d8ea8946-c4ee-4423-8114-896e455bb201"TYPE="xfs"[root@oel8202~]#vim/etc/fstab[root@oel8202~]#cat###CreatedbyanacondaonSunOct1021:50:50#Accessiblefilesystems,byreference,aremaintainedunder#Seemanpagesfstab(5),findfs(8),mount(8)and/orblkid(8)formoreinfo.#Aftereditingthisfile,run'systemctldaemon-reload'toupdatesystemd#unitsgeneratedfromthisfile.00 0UUID=d8ea8946-c4ee-4423-8114-896e455bb201/data1 00[root@oel8202~]#mount-aLV[root@oel8202[root@oel8202~]# VGAttr PoolOriginData%Meta%MoveLogCpy%SyncConvertlv1vg1-wi-ao500.00m[root@oel8202~]#lvextend-L+500MSizeoflogicalvolumevg1/lv1changedfrom500.00MiB(125extents)to1000.00MiB(250Logicalvolumevg1/lv1successfully[root@oel8202~]#xfs_growfs agcount=4,agsize=32000 attr=2, finobt=1,sparse=1, blocks=128000, swidth=0blks =version2 ascii-ci=0,ftype=1 =internal blocks=1368, sunit=0blks,lazy-count=1realtime=none blocks=0,rtextents=0datablockschangedfrom128000to[root@oel8202~]#df- Mounted /dev/mapper/vg1-lv1 33M 4%[root@oel8202~]# VGAttr PoolOriginData%Meta%MoveLogCpy%SyncConvertlv1vg1-wi-ao1000.00mVG[root@oel8202~]#fdiskWelcometofdisk(util-linuxChangeswillremaininmemoryonly,untilyoudecidetowritethem.Becarefulbeforeusingthewritecommand.Command(mforhelp):Disk/dev/nvme0n2:20GiB,21474836480bytes,41943040Units:sectorsof1*512=512Sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytesI/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytesDisklabeltype:dosDiskidentifier: Boot EndSectorsSizeId 204810487807 5G8eLinuxCommand(mforhelp):nPartitiontype primary(1primary,0extended,3 extended(containerforlogicalpartitions)Select(defaultp):Usingdefaultresponsep.Partitionnumber(2-4,default2):Firstsector(10487808-41943039,defaultLastsector,+sectorsor+size{K,M,G,T,P}(10487808-41943039,default41943039):Createdanewpartition2oftype'Linux'andofsize10TheThepartitiontablehasbeenSyncingCommand(mforhelp):10487808314593272097152010G8eLinux204810487807 5G8eLinuxEndSectorsSizeId Command(mforhelp):Disk/dev/nvme0n2:20GiB,21474836480bytes,41943040Units:sectorsof1*512=512Sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytesI/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytesDisklabeltype:dosDiskidentifier:Changedtypeofpartition'Linux'to'LinuxCommand(mforhelp):Partitionnumber(1,2,defaultHexcode(typeLtolistallcodes):[root@oel8202~]#partprobe[root@oel8202~]#partprobe[root@oel8202~]#MAJ:MINRMSIZEROTYPE 20G01000part0part0part├─├─nvme0n2p2└─nvme0n2p1└─vg1-lv1 0000lvm创建PV[root@oel8202[root@oel8202~]#pvcreatePhysicalvolume"/dev/nvme0n2p2"successfully扩展VG[root@oel8202[root@oel8202~]#vgextendvg1/dev/nvme0n2p2Volumegroup"vg1"successfullyextended查看VG[root@oel8202[root@oel8202~]#Volumegroup--VGSystemMetadataMetadataSequenceNoVGVGMAXCurOpenMaxCurActVG14.99[root@oel8202[root@oel8202~]#VG#PV#LV#SNAttr VSizeVFree 0wz--n-14.99g<14.02gVG3588/<14.02FreePE/250/1000.00AllocPE/Total4.00PE第6第7章SHELL重定向输入输出：cat<<EOF>/tmp/abc.txt这个EOFcat<<MEMEDA>a.txtecho12345>echo12345>>--stdin--stdinecho12345|passwd--stdin||ls|grep"txt"grep1a.txtifconfig|grepinet&&&&ls&&ls-laa&&ls-||||aa||ls-[root@gausspri~]#[-d/abc][root@gausspri~]#echo$?[root@gausspri~]#lsbinbootdevetchomeliblib64mediamntoptprocrootrunsbinsrvsystmpusr[root@gausspri~]#[-d/bin][root@gausspri~]#echo$?[-f/abc.txt]||touch[-f/abc.txt]||touch/abc.txt&&lsegrep/grep过滤egrep"(henry|root)"cat/etc/passwd|grep-E"(operator|root)"grep-E"(operator|root)"/etc/passwdgrep-v"^#"grep-v"^#"/etc/passwd|grep-v"^$"cat/etc/passwd|grep-Ev"(^#|^$)"egrep-v"(^#|^$)"/etc/passwdfindfind/-nameecho$变量名称[root@gausspri~]#[root@gausspri~]#echo$aexport[root@gausspri~]#a=1[root@gausspri~]#echo$a[root@gausspri~]#exportb=666[root@gausspri~]#bash[root@gausspri~]#echo$a[root@gausspri~]#echo$b[root@gausspri~]#vim.bashrc[root@gausspri~]#vim.bash_profile[root@gausspri~]#env[root@gausspri~]#echo$b[root@gausspri~]#unsetb[root@gausspri~]#echo了解[root@gausspri~]#echo[root@gausspri~]#find/-name[root@gausspri~]#/usr/sbin/fdisk-l[root@gausspri~]#fdisk-l自定义$PATH[root@gausspri~]#vimabc.sh[root@gausspri~]#catabc.shecho"helloworld!"[root@gausspri~]#chmod+xabc.sh[root@gausspri~]#llabc.sh-rwxr-xr-x1rootroot32Jun614:24abc.sh[root@gausspri~]#abc.sh-bash:abc.sh:commandnotfound[root@gausspri~]#pwd[root@gausspri~]#PATH=$PATH:/root[root@gausspri~]#abc.shhelloworld![root@gausspri~]#IF[-d/rootf/etc/passwd[$NAME=='test']：判断变量echo$?00ifthenifcondition1condition1[root@gausspri~]#vimabc1.sh[root@gausspri~]#catabc1.shif[$NAME=='aaa']echo$NAME[root@gausspri~]#shabc1.sh[root@gausspri~]#echo$?[root@gausspri~]#vimabc1.sh[root@gausspri~]#catabc1.shif[$NAME=='abc']echo$NAME[root@gausspri~]#shabc1.shifelsethen，elseif1[root@gausspri~]#vimabc1.sh[root@gausspri~]#catabc1.shif[$NAME=='abc1']echo$NAMEecho"error"[root@gausspri~]#shifelifelseelifif1123[root@gausspri~]#vimabc1.sh[root@gausspri~]#catabc1.shif[$NAME=='abc1'];thenecho$NAMEelif[$NAME=='abc2'];thenecho"mynameis$NAME"elif[$NAME=='abc3'];thenecho"mynameis$NAME"echo"error"[root@gausspri~]#shabc1.sh-eq-lt-gtmantest来查看[root@gausspri~]#vimabc1.sh[root@gausspri~]#catabc1.shif[$NAME=='abc'];thenecho$NAMEif[$AGE-lt30];thenecho"$AGE<30"echo"$AGE>=30"[root@gausspri~]#shabc1.sh20<CASEcaseLinuxshell[root@gausspri~]#vimabc1.sh[root@gausspri~]#catabc1.shecho"Pleaseinputnum1-readnumcase$numinechoechoechoechoechoechoechoecho"Error!Pleaseinputnum1-7[root@gausspri~]#shabc1.shPleaseinputnum1-7:case的数字不在1-7范围内，则会输出错误提示信息。FORforiin123echo$i[root@gausspri~]#vimabc1.sh[root@gausspri~]#catforiin123echo$i[root@gausspri~]#shabc1.sh[root@gausspri~]#vimabc1.sh[root@gausspri~]#catabc1.shfordirin/etc/tmp/mnttouch$dir/hehe.txtls-l$dir/hehe.txt[root@gausspri~]#sh-rw-r--r--1rootroot0Jun615:52-rw-r--r--1rootroot0Jun615:52-rw-r--r--1rootroot0Jun615:52forLinuxshell[root@gausspri~]#mkdirabc[root@gausspri~]#touchabcabc/abc1.shabc.sh[root@gausspri~]#touchabc/{a,b,c}{1,2,3}.txt[root@gausspri~]#lsabc/a1.txta2.txta3.txtb1.txtb2.txtb3.txtc1.txtc2.txt[root@gausspri~]#vimabc1.sh[root@gausspri~]#catabc1.shecho"Pleaseinputdirectoryname:"readpathecho"Pleaseinputprefix:"readprefixforfilein$(ls$path/)if[-f"$path/$file"]mv"$path/$file"echo"rename$path/$fileis$path/$prefix$file."echo"Rename[root@gausspri~]#shabc1.shPleaseinputdirectoryname:Pleaseinputrename/abc/a1.txtis/abc/hehea1.txt.rename/abc/a2.txtis/abc/hehea2.txt.rename/abc/a3.txtis/abc/hehea3.txt.rename/abc/b1.txtis/abc/heheb1.txt.rename/abc/b2.txtis/abc/heheb2.txt.rename/abc/b3.txtis/abc/heheb3.txt.rename/abc/c1.txtis/abc/hehec1.txt.rename/abc/c2.txtis/abc/hehec2.txt.rename/abc/c3.txtis/abc/hehec3.txt.Renamecompleted!脚本会先要求用户输入要重命名的文件夹路径和要添加的前缀，然后使用for循环遍历该文mvforLinuxshell[root@gausspri~]#vimbbb.sh[root@gausspri~]#catbbb.shforiin{1..9}forjin{1..9}if[$j-le$i]echo-n"$j*$i=$((j*i))"echo""[root@gausspri~]#shbbb.sh1*2=21*3=32*3=61*4=42*4=83*4=121*5=52*5=103*5=154*5=201*6=62*6=123*6=184*6=245*6=301*7=72*7=143*7=214*7=285*7=356*7=421*8=82*8=163*8=244*8=325*8=406*8=487*8=561*9=92*9=183*9=274*9=365*9=456*9=547*9=638*9=72脚本使用两个嵌套的for循环，外层循环控制乘法表的行数，内层循环控制列数。其中，为echoWHILEwhileLinuxshell1-100while[root@gausspri~]#vimwhile.sh[root@gausspri~]#catwhile.shechoecho"Pleaseinputnumbetween1-100:"while[$guess-ne$num]readif[$guess-lt$num]echo"small...again"elif[$guess-gt$num]echo"bigger...again"echo"Congratulations!"echo"GuessLinuxshell，$RANDOM0-32767为了得到1-100之间的随机整数，可以使用$RANDOM%100+1的表达式，该表达式会先将$RANDOM1000-991100[root@gausspri~]#shPleaseinputnumbetween1-GuessTimes:5AWKawk是一种文本处理工具，可以用于对文本文件进行处理、分析和格式化输出。它最初是由AlfredAho、PeterWeinbergerBrianKernighan1977awk（pattern）和动作（action）来对文本进行处理。模式用于匹配文本中的某些部分，动作用于对匹配到的部分进行处理。awk命令的基本语法如下：awk'pattern{action}'其中，patternaction，filenamepatternawkactionpattern，awkaction行内容用$0print。awk‘{print$n}’mynameishenryawknamename$2[root@gausspri~]#echo"myna