英文生理学考试题及答案

英文生理学考试题及答案

一、单项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.Themainfunctionofredbloodcellsisto()A.DefendagainstpathogensB.TransportoxygenandcarbondioxideC.ParticipateinbloodclottingD.RegulatebodytemperatureAnswer:B2.Whichofthefollowingisthebasicunitofthenervoussystem?()A.NervefiberB.NeuronC.GlialcellD.SynapseAnswer:B3.Themainsiteofdigestionandabsorptioninthedigestivetractis()A.StomachB.SmallintestineC.LargeintestineD.EsophagusAnswer:B4.Thehormonethatcanpromotethereabsorptionofwaterinthekidneysis()A.AldosteroneB.AntidiuretichormoneC.ParathyroidhormoneD.InsulinAnswer:B5.Thenormalrangeofhumanbodytemperatureis()A.35-36°CB.36-37°CC.37-38°CD.38-39°CAnswer:B6.Theheartvalvethatpreventsthebackflowofbloodfromtheleftventricletotheleftatriumis()A.TricuspidvalveB.MitralvalveC.PulmonaryvalveD.AorticvalveAnswer:B7.Therespiratorycenterismainlylocatedin()A.CerebrumB.CerebellumC.MedullaoblongataD.SpinalcordAnswer:C8.Whichofthefollowingsubstancescanbefilteredthroughtheglomerulusbutnotreabsorbedbytherenaltubules?()A.GlucoseB.AminoacidsC.UreaD.WaterAnswer:C9.Thehormonethatregulatesbloodcalciumlevelsis()A.ThyroxineB.CalcitoninC.GrowthhormoneD.ProlactinAnswer:B10.Themainenergysourceformusclecontractionis()A.ATPB.CreatinephosphateC.GlucoseD.FatAnswer:A二、多项选择题（每题2分，共20分）1.Whichofthefollowingarefunctionsoftheplasma?()A.TransportnutrientsB.TransporthormonesC.MaintainbodyfluidbalanceD.ParticipateinimmuneresponseAnswer:ABCD2.Thefactorsthataffectcardiacoutputinclude()A.HeartrateB.StrokevolumeC.PreloadD.AfterloadAnswer:ABCD3.Thecomponentsoftherespiratorysysteminclude()A.NoseB.PharynxC.LarynxD.TracheaAnswer:ABCD4.Thefunctionsoftheliverinclude()A.MetabolismofnutrientsB.DetoxificationC.SynthesisofplasmaproteinsD.StorageofvitaminsAnswer:ABCD5.Thefactorsthatcanaffectthesecretionofhormonesinclude()A.NeuralregulationB.HumoralregulationC.FeedbackregulationD.EnvironmentalfactorsAnswer:ABCD6.Thefunctionsofthekidneysinclude()A.ExcretionofmetabolicwasteB.RegulationofwaterandelectrolytebalanceC.Regulationofacid-basebalanceD.SecretionofhormonesAnswer:ABCD7.Thetypesofmuscletissueinclude()A.SkeletalmuscleB.CardiacmuscleC.SmoothmuscleD.StriatedmuscleAnswer:ABC8.Thefactorsthataffectthestrengthofmusclecontractioninclude()A.ThenumberofmotorunitsrecruitedB.ThefrequencyofnerveimpulsesC.TheinitiallengthofthemuscleD.TheloadonthemuscleAnswer:ABCD9.Thefunctionsoftheendocrinesysteminclude()A.RegulationofgrowthanddevelopmentB.RegulationofmetabolismC.RegulationofreproductionD.MaintenanceofhomeostasisAnswer:ABCD10.Themainneurotransmittersinthenervoussysteminclude()A.AcetylcholineB.DopamineC.SerotoninD.NorepinephrineAnswer:ABCD三、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.Bloodplateletsareimportantforbloodclotting.()Answer:True2.Theleftventriclehasathickerwallthantherightventriclebecauseitneedstopumpbloodtothewholebody.()Answer:True3.Thelargeintestineisthemainsiteforabsorptionofnutrients.()Answer:False4.Thehormoneinsulincanincreasebloodglucoselevels.()Answer:False5.Thebody'snormalphysiologicalfunctionscanbemaintainedwithinawiderangeofenvironmentalchanges.()Answer:False6.Thecerebellumismainlyresponsibleforcontrollingbodybalanceandcoordinatingmusclemovements.()Answer:True7.Thefiltrationfunctionofthekidneysoccursintherenaltubules.()Answer:False8.Allhormonesaresecretedbyendocrineglands.()Answer:False9.Musclecontractionrequiresthepresenceofcalciumions.()Answer:True10.Thenervoussystemandtheendocrinesystemworkindependentlyanddonotinteract.()Answer:False四、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1.Brieflydescribetheprocessofbloodclotting.Answer:Bloodclottingisacomplexprocess.Whenbloodvesselisdamaged,plateletsadhereandaggregateatthesite.Thenaseriesofclottingfactorsareactivatedinsequence,formingafibrinnetworkthattrapsbloodcells,plasma,etc.,eventuallyformingabloodclottostopbleeding.2.Whatarethemainfunctionsoftherespiratorysystem?Answer:Themainfunctionsaretotakeinoxygenfromtheexternalenvironmentandexpelcarbondioxide.Italsohelpsinregulatingacid-basebalanceofthebodyandplaysaroleinspeechproductionbycontrollingairflowthroughthevocalcords.3.Explaintheroleofthehypothalamusintheendocrinesystem.Answer:Thehypothalamussecretesreleasingandinhibitinghormonesthatregulatethesecretionofhormonesfromthepituitarygland.Italsointegratesneuralandendocrinefunctions,maintaininghomeostasisbycontrollingvariousendocrineglandsthroughthepituitary.4.Howdoesthebodyregulatebodytemperature?Answer:Thebodyhasathermoregulatorycenterinthehypothalamus.Whenbodytemperaturechanges,thecentersendssignals.Forexample,inheat,bloodvesselsdilate,sweatingincreasestodissipateheat;incold,bloodvesselsconstrict,shiveringoccurstogenerateheat.五、讨论题（每题5分，共20分）1.Discusstheimportanceofmaintainingastableinternalenvironment(homeostasis)forthebody.Answer:Homeostasisiscrucialasitprovidesastableenvironmentforcellstofunctionproperly.Stablelevelsofnutrients,oxygen,pH,andtemperatureareneededforbiochemicalreactions.Deviationscandisruptcellfunction,enzymeactivity,andmayleadtodiseases.Thebody'sregulatorysystemsworktomaintainthisstability.2.Explaintherelationshipbetweenthenervoussystemandtheendocrinesysteminregulatingbodyfunctions.Answer:Thenervoussystemcandirectlystimulateendocrineglandstosecretehormones.Thehypothalamuslinksthetwosystems.Itcansendneuralsignalsandalsosecretehormonesthatcontrolthepituitarygland.Hormones,inturn,canaffectthedevelopmentandfunctionofthenervoussystem,workingtogethertomaintainhomeostasis.3.Discussthephysiologicalmechanismsinvolvedinexercise-inducedchangesinthecardiovascularsystem.Answer:Duringexerc