专题28构词法（原卷版）

02派生法否定前缀派生法指通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词的方法，用派生法构成的词叫做派生词。一般词根决定词义，前缀改变词义，后缀决定词性。前缀特点例词im用于以“m”“b”开头的词，表示“不是”或“无”impossible不可能的imperfect不完美的immoral不道德的immature不成熟的il用于以“l”开头的词，表示“不是”或“无”illegal非法的illogical不合逻辑的illegible难以辨认的illiterate不识字的ir用于以“r”开头的词，表示“不是”或“无”irrational不理性的irregular不规则的irresistible无法抗拒的irrelevant不相关的un用于名词、动词、形容词前，表示“不是”或“相反”unhappy不快乐unusual不寻常的undress脱下衣服unlock解锁dis用于名词、动词、形容词前，表示“相反”、“不”或“去除”disagree不同意disappear消失dishonest不诚实的disadvantage不利条件non用于名词、形容词前，表示“没有”或“不属于某种类别”nonexistent不存在的nonprofit非盈利的nonmetal非金属nonsense胡说，废话mis加在动词、名词之前，表示“错误”或否定misunderstand误解misjudge误判misleading误导misfortune不幸anti加在名词、形容词之前，表示“反”，“抗”。antiJapanese抗日的antisocial反社会的antibiotic抗生素antimagnetic防磁的counter加在名词、动词前，表示“反”counterpart对手counterattack反攻，反击de加在名词，形容词之前，表示“去掉”“降低”degrade使降级decolor脱色，漂白decrease减少devalue

贬值ab加在形容词，动词之前，表示“偏离，脱离，与其相反”abnormal不正常的absent缺席的abuse滥用abstract提取【跟踪训练】结合语境给出下列单词正确形式。1.Cheatingsomeone'sfeelingsisan___________(moral)actthathurtsdeeply.2.Stealingothers’belongingsis___________(legal)andcanleadtoseriousconsequences.3.Sheusedauniquepasswordto___________(lock)theencryptedfileonherlaptop.4.Apersonwhooftenliesis___________(honest)andcannotbetrustedeasily.5.The___________(normal)heatthissummermaybeasignofclimatechange.03派生法表示时间的前缀前缀特点例词ante加在名词、形容词前，before之前anteroom前厅antecedent先行的，先时的ex加在名词前，前任的expresiden前任总统exwife前妻fore加在名词、动词前，before前．预先forecast预测，预报，forehead前额pre加在名词前，before之前prehistory史前preface前言pro加在名词、动词前，预先的programme计划prologue序幕proto原始，初protoplasm原生质rotoplast原物，原型postafter之后postwar战后postgraduate研究生【跟踪训练】结合语境给出下列单词正确形式。1.onecanaccurately___________(tell)howtechnologywilltransformsocietyin20years.2.The___________(war)erasawsignificanteconomicrecoveryandsocialreformsinJapanandGermany.3.Thetechfirmwill___________(view)itslatestsmartphonemodelatnextweek’sconference.4.Theteam___________(programme)amarketingcampaignfornextmonth'sproductlaunch.5.Thedocumentaryexplores___________(president)Clinton’spolicylegacyduringhistimeinoffice.04派生法表示数字的前缀前缀特点例词hemi，semi半semiautomatic半自动的semimechanized半机械化的uni单一unipolar单极的unicellular单细胞的ambi，amphi两ambiguous有两个意义的，暧昧的amphibian两栖的bi，di二，双biweekly双周(刊)dioxide二氧化物tri三triangle三角形tricycle三轮车centi百，百分之一centimetre厘米(百分之一米)centipede蜈蚣(百脚虫)kilo千kilometer千米kilogram公斤，千克milli千millennial千年的milligram毫克multi许多multicoloured颜色多样的Multinational多民族的【跟踪训练】结合语境给出划线单词汉语。1.Themuseum’sexhibitusesmultimediatoengagevisitorswithhistoricalstories.2.Climatepatternsvarysignificantlybetweenthetwohemispheresoftheplanet.3.Hisambiguousreplymadeithardtodeterminewhetherheagreedornot.4.Theroof’striangulardesignprovidesbothstrengthandaestheticappeal.5.Iboughttwokilogramsoffreshstrawberriesatthefarmers’marketthismorning.05派生法表示动词的前缀前缀特点例词be使……加强belittle使缩小，贬低befriend友好相待，帮助en使人enlarge扩大enable使……能ew使人embrace拥抱embody收录，体现multi许多multicoloured颜色多样的multinational多民族的06派生法表示属性的前缀前缀特点例词minismall小miniskirt超短裙minibus小公共汽车micro

small微microwave微波microscope显微镜telefar远的，终端teleprinter电传打字机telescope望远镜autoself自动automate使自动化automobile汽车；07派生法表示程度的前缀前缀特点例词sur超；超过surface表面；surpass超越；out超过，外，出，outlive比……长寿outdo胜过super在上，超；超过superheat过热supermarket超级市场08派生法表示方位的前缀前缀特点例词over,up在…之上；向上overhead头顶的upright垂直的sub下，其次,低于，不足subway地道submarine水下的under在..之下；低于，次于underline在……下划线underground地下的inter在……间；互相interpersonal人与人之间的international国际的intro到……之中introduce介绍introspect反省midrniddle中，中间midair半空中midstream中流ex,extra在……外，向外external外部的extraordinary非常的trans转换，横过，越过transmit传送transplant移植09派生法其它前缀前缀特点例词hydrwater水hydrogen氢hydroelectric水电的dia通过，借以，分离diagraph绘图仪diagnosis诊断reback，again回，再refuel重新加油relive再生，复活co与……一起cooperate合作coauther合著者col；共同collect收集memorate纪念con；corconference会议corruption腐败hydrwater水hydrogen氢；hydroelectric水电的dia通过，借以，分离diagraph绘图仪；diagnosis诊断【跟踪训练】请结合语境给出下列高考真题划线合成形容词的汉语。1.Theteam’spoorperformanceleftfansfeeling_______.(courage→加前缀反义)2.Onlinerumorsmay_______peopleintomakingwrongdecisions.(lead→加前缀反义)3.It’s_______toparkherewithoutapermit.(legal→加前缀反义)4.The_______offreshwaterhasbeeaglobalissue.(available→加前缀反义，填名词)5.Sheremained_______aboutherfutureplans.(certain→加前缀反义)6.His_______behaviormadeeveryoneintheroomunfortable.(polite→加前缀反义)7.Thedatacollectedfromtheexperimentwas_______,sowehadtoredoit.(accurate→加前缀反义)8._______workersoftenfacedifficultiesinfindingstablejobs.(employ→加前缀反义，填名词)9.The_______ofthemeetingmadeithardtoreachaconclusion.(order→加前缀反义)10.Parentsshouldnot_______theirchildrenfromtryingnewthings.(courage→加前缀反义，表“劝阻”)11._______resourceslikecoalandoilwillrunoutoneday.(renewable→加前缀反义)12.Thesuddenstormcausedan_______delayintheflight.(expected→加前缀反义)13.Cultural_______canhappenwhenpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsmunicate.(understand→加前缀反义)14.It’s_______tojudgeabookbyitscover.(fair→加前缀反义)15.Theoldbuildinghasbeen_______foryears,withnoonelivinginit.(active→加前缀反义)01派生法形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词－ageshort→shortage不足；短缺－cyefficient→efficiency效率accurate→accuracy准确性－domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧－enceconfident→confidence信心dependent→dependence依赖－nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点aware→awareness意识－thyoung→youthth年轻true→truth真理－tysecure→security安全loyal→loyalty忠诚【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．Theteacherpraisedhimforhis(anxious)forknowledge.2．Therearemanywaystoincreaseagricultural(efficient)inthepoorerareasoftheworld.3．Thehoteloffersashuttleserviceforthe(convenient)ofitsguests.4．Thesudden(explosive)oflaughterintheroommadeeveryoneturnaround.5．Itwashis(ignorant)thatledtotheterribleaccidentthatday.02派生法动词变名词的后缀后缀例词－alpropose→proposal提议；求婚withdraw→withdrawal撤回；提款－ancedisturb→disturbance打扰guide→guidance指导－enceexist→existence存在；生存refer→reference参考；查阅－ionillustrate→illustration阐明evaluate→evaluation评估－ationconsider→consideration考虑imagine→imagination想象力－sionimpress→impression印象admit→admission接纳；准许入学－ingwarn→warning警告听觉begin→beginning开始－mentargue→argument辩论mit→mitment承诺，奉献－uredepart→departure离开；出发expose→exposure暴露－yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈discover→discovery发现其它vary→variety多样化；种类tend→tendency趋向；趋势pursue→pursuit追求，从事relieve→relief欣慰【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．Winstonmadeno(refer)towhathadhappened.2．Manypeoplebelieveinthe(exist)ofunknowncreatures.3．JackcametoChinawiththe(intend)ofrealizinghisdream.4．WesignedonhisTshirtexpressingourbestwishesandencouragementasa(remind).5．Whentheoldmanwasmakingthekite,thechildrenwerewatchingwith(curious).03派生法表示人的名词后缀后缀例词－ervillage→villager村民strange→stranger陌生人－arlie→liar说谎者beg→beggar乞丐－eeemploy→employee受雇者；雇员interview→interviewee被面试者－orinvent→inventor发明家educate→educator教育家；教师－esssteward→stewardess女乘务员host→hostess女主人；女主持人－eseChina→Chinese中国人Japan→Japanese日本人－anAmerica→American美国人Australia→Australian澳洲人－ianhistory→historian历史学家politics→politician政治家；政客－istjournal→journalist记者tour→tourist旅行者；观光者－antparticipate→participant参加者assist→assistant助手；图书管理员【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．Morethan100peoplehaveappliedforthejobuptonow.The(apply)musthandintheirapplicationbyFriday.2．Each(petition)intheraceistryingtheirbesttowinthegoldmedal.3．The(perform)promisedthathewouldperformhispromise.4．Thesales(represent)demonstratedthenewproducttopotentialclients.5．Theshop(assist)receivedmeindifferentlywhileleaningonacounter.04派生法名词形容词变动词的后缀后缀例词－en（adj+en）broad→broaden使变宽hard→harden使变硬－en（n+en）strength→strengthen加强length→lengthen加长－ifyclass→classify把……分类beauty→beautify美化－izeapology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．Thisincidenthas(sharp)publicawarenessoftheeconomiccrisis.2．Don’tputyourpricestoohighoryou’ll(fright)thecustomersaway.3．Whenarrivinginaforeigncountry,you’dbetter(familiar)yourselfwiththelocalsituationatfirst.4．Doingsowill(title)theticketholdertounlimitedfreeparking.5．We’dbetter(large)thereadingroombyknockingthroughbetweenthetwosmallrooms.6．Ithoughtwhatyousaid(worse)therelationshipbetweenyoutwo.7．Thebestwaytoliveistohelpand(rich)thelivesofothers.8．Gossipalsocanhaveathirdeffect：it(strength)unwritten，unspokenrulesabouthowpeopleshouldact.9．Theincidentwaslikelyto(threat)toruinhischanceintheelection.10．Theworkingclassisstilltoosmallto(able)asuccessfulsocialistrevolution(革命).05派生法形容词变副词的后缀后缀例词一般形容词直接加lystrong→strongly强烈地exact→exactly精确地以y结尾的形容词变y为i加lyangry→angrily生气地 busy→busily忙碌地以ic结尾的词形容词加allybasic→basically基本上scientific→scientifically科学上以ll结尾形容词只须加yfull→fully充分地 dull→dully枯燥地以ing结尾形容词直接加lyamazing→

amazingly令人惊叹地 interesting→

interestingly有趣地以ed结尾形容词直接加lyexcited→

excitedly兴奋地repeated→repeatedly反复地以le结尾的形容词去e加lysimple→simply仅仅；简直possible→possibly可能地以e结尾的形容词直接加lydefinite→definitely明确地 extreme→extremely极其特殊易错shy→shyly害羞地publicpubliclywholewholly全部地truetruly真实地【跟踪训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1．Theycleanedthehouse(thorough)beforetheSpringFestival.2．(subsequent),newguidelineswereissuedtoallemployees.3．Sheworked(energetic)ontheproject,finishingitthreedaysaheadofschedule.4．However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenare(remarkable)badathiding.5．Youmustfarm(scientific)ifyouwanttohaveagoodharvest.06派生法表示方位的后缀后缀意义例词ern表示方向eastern东方的southern南方的ward；wards

表方向upward(s)向上backwards往后退地wise表方向，位置clockwise顺时针crosswise成十字形01转化法后缀例词动词转化为名词Letmehaveatry.让我试试。Let'sgooutforadrivenextSunday.下周日我们驾车出游吧。名词转化为动词Hand

metheknife,please.把刀子递给我，谢谢。Hechairedthemeeting.他主持了这场会议。形容词转化为动词Don't

dirty

myshoes.不要弄脏我的鞋。Theytriedto

perfect

theworkingconditions.他们努力改善工作条件。形容词转化为名词The

old

inourvillagearelivingahappylife.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetween

right

and

wrong.他不辨是非。个别词转化为名词Lifeisfullof

ups

and

downs.人生有得意时也有失意时。Warmclothesarea

must

inthemountains.穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。【跟踪训练】根据语境猜测划线词的词性和词义。1.Thesurveyresultsmirrorthepublic’sgrowingconcernaboutenvironmentalissues.2.Don’tforgettowaterout..flowers—they’redryingout..3.Whenitestopests,redfireantswouldprobablytopeveryone’slist.4.First,youshouldtakeanactivepartinthediscussionsandfreelyvoiceyouropinion.5.Thepany’sinboxwasfloodedwithcustomerplaintsaftertheproductrecall.6.I’llemailyouthereportbytheendoftheday.7.

Shegoogled

therestaurantandfoundgreatreviews.8.Hepocketedtheextrachangewithouttellingus.9.Youcan’t

park

here—thisisanoparkingzone.10.Theteamwas

cornered

inthefinalminutesbutstillscored.02合成法合成名词构成方式例词名词＋名词bookstore书店notebook笔记本名词＋动词sunbathe日光浴sleepwalk梦游名词＋动名词handwriting书法birdwatching观鸟名词＋动词＋er/orpainkiller止痛药songwriter词曲作者名词＋介词＋名词sisterinlaw嫂子editorinchief总编辑代词＋名词shewolf母狼，hegoat公羊动词＋名词pickpocket扒手washroom洗手间动名词＋名词readingroom阅览室sittingroom起居室形容词＋名词freshman大一新生greenhouse温室副词＋动词outlook景色，风光input输入介词＋名词afterbrain后脑underground地铁03合成法合成形容词构成方式例词名词＋形容词dutyfree免税的worldfamous举世闻名的名词＋现在分词Frenchspeaking讲法语的timeconsuming耗时的名词＋to＋名词onetoone一对一的waytosuccess成功之路名词＋过去分词manmade人造的stateowned国有的数词＋名词oneway单行道的twohour两小时的数词＋名词＋形容词threeyearold三岁的twoinchthick两英寸厚的数词＋名词＋edtenstoreyed十层的threelegged三条腿的动词＋副词breakdown故障checkout结账形容词＋名词highquality高质量的greenhouse温室形容词＋名词＋ednobleminded高尚的shortsighted近视的形容词＋形容词lightgreen浅绿色的darkblue深蓝色的形容词＋现在分词ordinarylooking相貌一般的easygoing随和的副词＋形容词evergreen常青的underdeveloped欠发达的副词＋现在分词hardworking辛勤的farreaching影响深远的副词＋过去分词wellknown著名的newlybuilt新建的副词＋名词fastfood提供快餐的onlooker旁观者介词＋名词indepth深入的offline离线的；线下的【跟踪训练】请结合语境给出合成词的汉语。1.(2025全国一卷)…itfacesparticularproblemswithtransportation—whichaccountsforaboutaquarterofourenergyrelatedgreenhousegasemissions.2.(2025全国一卷)Inmyninthgradewritingclasslastyear,Imetacowboywhosavedhistown,strictfatherwhodemandedhissonearnstraightA’s…3.(2025全国一卷)Asanewunitstarted,Iaskedeveryonetowriteapersuasivepieceonahealthrelatedtopicoftheirchoice.4.(2025全国一卷)Forthenexttwoassignments,apersonalnarrativeunitfollowedbyacreativewritingworkshop,Ionlyrequiredthatthepiecemeetthespecificationsofitsgenre(体裁)andthatitcontainathesis.5.(2025全国一卷)Goisoneoftheearliestbinarybased(基于二元的)games.6.(2025全国一卷)“TheexhibitionbringstogetherGoculture,cuttingedgetechnologyandcontemporaryart,”saysTu.7.(2025全国一卷)“InaGogame,eachmoveshouldservealongtermgoal.”explainsWangWei,aGoplayeramongthevisitorstotheexhibition.8.(2025全国一卷)Fishermengoouttoseadailyandselltheirfishinharborsidemarkets.9.(2025全国二卷)“Peoplewholiveinplantrichenvironmentsreportahigherlifesatisfactionrating,”shesays.11.(2025全国二卷)EvelynDonohueisa65yearoldgrandma.Sheonlystartedtoexercisesevenyearsagoafterhavingawakeupcall.04合成法合成动词构成方式例词名词＋动词sleepwalk梦游typewrite打字形容词＋动词whitewash粉刷safeguard保护副词＋动词overwhelm压倒，制服overthrow推翻【跟踪训练】请结合语境给出合成词的汉语。1.(2024全国I卷)Intheclub,therearemanylikemindedpeople.2.(2024全国I卷)Youneedtorescheduleyourmeetingbecauseoftheconflict.3.(2024全国I卷)Thefansofthehometeamoutnumberthoseofthevisitingteam.4.(2023新高考II卷)Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformoreplexworksinthefuture.5.(2023全国乙卷)TheChinesecoachtransformedDouglasintooneofthebestgymnastsintheworld,helpingherskyrocketfromanaveragememberofthenationalteamtothetopofthesport.”6.(2022新高考I卷)Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhuntergathererpeopletoday.7.(2022全国甲卷)Goffin’scockatoos…havebeenshowntohavesimilarshaperecognitionabilitiestoahumantwoyearold.8.(2022全国甲卷)Thesegentle,lovelygatekeepersweledherandkickstartedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.9.(2021全国甲)It’stheseasidebirdsthatdeserveatleastpartoftheblameforgettingNickBurchillblacklistedattheFairmontEmpressHotelinVictoria10.(2020全国III卷)FouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathreestoreyVictorianhouseinBristoloneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.01截短法截短法（Clipping）是构词法中通过截取原词的一部分（前缀、后缀或中间部分）形成新词的方法，新词通常保留原词的核心含义，且更简洁、口语化。构成方式例词截去词尾advertisement—ad广告examination—exam测试laboratorylab实验室gymnasium—gym健身房application—app应用程序截去词头telephone—phone电话earthquake—quake地震minibusbus公共汽车aeroplaneplane飞机截去词头和词尾influenza—flu流感refrigerator—fridge冰箱mathematics—maths数学02混合法构成方式例词词首+词尾brunch=breakfast+lunch早午餐smog=smoke+fog烟雾motel=motor+hotel汽车旅馆词首+词首scifi=science+fiction科幻小说/电影modem=modulator+demodulator调制解调器lidar=light+dar

激光雷达词首+整词medicare=medical+care医疗保险Eurasia=`Europe+Asia欧亚大陆blog=blend+log博客整词

+

词尾newscast=news+broadcast新闻广播netizen=net+citizen网民workaholic=work+alcoholic工作狂03缩略法构成方式例词字母大写，读单个字母UN=UnitedNations联合国DIY=DoItYourself己动手做VIP=VeryImportantPerson贵宾CEO=ChiefExecutiveOfficer首席执行官GPS=GlobalPositioningSystem全球定位系统WTO=WorldTreadOrganization世界贸易组织BBC=BritishBroadcastingCorporation英国广播公司字母大小写，读作一个词NATO=NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization北大西洋公约组织TOEFL=TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage托福laser=lightwaveamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation激光UNESCO=theUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizatio联合国教科文组织【跟踪训练】结合语境给出划线单词的汉语。1.Thehotel’s

brunch

buffetoffersawiderangeofdishes,fromeggsBenedicttopastries.2.Thedeliverypanyuses

GPS

tomonitortherealtimemovementofitstrucksacrossthecountry.3.Gettingafluvaccineeveryyearcaneffectivelyreducetheriskofinfection.4.Asa

VIP

member,you’llreceiveexclusivediscountsandearlyaccesstonewproducts.5.Iprefergiving

DIY

presents,likehandpaintedmugsorhomemadecandles.构词法构词法综合能力提升一、单句填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2025全国一卷）Tusaysthatthebalancebetweentheblackandwhitepieces,thebeautyinthe___________(strategy)placementofthepieces,andtheenergyflowfollowingeachmoveinspiredartiststocreateoilpaintings,sculptures,digitallygeneratedpicturesandsilkscreenprintsfortheexhibition.2.(2025全国二卷）Yetnow,IliveinthecountrysideofZhejiang,ChinawithmyChinesehusbandandhisfamily,wherebambooandteabushes(灌木)growwildinthemountains,chickensarealwaysfreerange,and___________(center)heatingdoesn’texist.3.(2025北京卷）Mostdaysafterschool,IlovewalkingintheforestwithmydogNick.It’s11(peace),especiallyaroundsunset.4.(2024新课标I卷）Thelatestengineeringtechniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective57(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.5.（2023新课标I卷）Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,36(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.6.（2023全国乙卷）The69(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,meansthereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.7.（2023浙江1月卷）Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby(space)homesandwalledgardens.8.（2022全国甲卷）Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore____________(meaning).Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,000plasticbottlesalongthe40dayjourney.9.（2021新课标II卷）Itoldhimhow____________(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreecofriendlyoptions.10.（2021全国乙卷）·Provide____________(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.二、单句填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.（2025全国一卷）Tusaysthatthebalancebetweentheblackandwhitepieces,thebeautyinthestrategicplacementofthepieces,andtheenergyflowfollowingeachmoveinspiredartiststocreateoilpaintings,sculptures,65(digital)generatedpicturesandsilkscreenprintsfortheexhibition.2.（2024九省联考卷）Today,awriter(simple)throwsanemptypenawayandgetsanewone.3.（2023浙江1月卷）Theterm“hutong”,(original)meaning“waterwell”inMongolian,appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.4.（2022新课标I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and____________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.5.（2022新课标II卷）Whenhelookeddown,he____________(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.6.（2021新课标I卷）Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwill____________(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!7.（2020全国III卷）Asthesmallboatmoved____________(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.8.（2023新课标II卷）So,whataretheylearning?43(basic),howtodescribeapanda’slife.9.（2021天津卷）Asworkingfromhomebees____________(increasing)mon,peoplearefindingiteasiertobineparenthoodwithafulltimecareer.10.（2020全国I卷）Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis____________(extreme)challenging.三、单句填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.（2025全国一卷）“InaGogame,eachmoveshouldservealongtermgoal.Youtrytoleadtheopponentintoyourtrapandforcethemtofollowyour59(guide)tilltheylose,”explainsWangWei,aGoplayeramongthevisitorstotheexhibition.2.（2025浙江1月卷）Tanya’sshopoffersfashionclothesforwomentorentratherthanpurchasethemoutright,providingalessexpensive61(solve)toonetimeeventdressing.3.（2025八省联考卷）AsmoreandmoreforeignersstarttostudytheChineselanguageandexperienceChineseculture,theworldwillhaveabetterunderstandingofChinaanditsrichhistory,itshardworkingpeople,itsdevelopmentthrough65(innovate),anditsinclusiveness.4.（2024全国甲卷）Theyallagreedandvowed(承诺)topromotetheideaatthe68(plete)oftheirjourney.5.（2024浙江1月卷）Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe__________(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.6.(2023新课标II卷）Sinc