福建省泉州市四校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1福建省泉州市四校联考2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APowerofPublicSpeakinghaspartneredwithASIInnovationLabstointegrateartificialintelligenceintothePopsClassroomplatformforimprovingpublicspeakingskills.ThefirstprojectisthePopsAdvisorwhichprovidesanautomaticevaluationofstudents’videopresentationswithvisualfeedback.TheAdvisorofferson-demandcommentstostudentspracticingpublicspeakingfromanywhere.Thisflexibilitybenefitsinstructors,whocanbeashands-onorhands-offduringpractice.Whilestudentscanoperateautonomouslywiththetool,instructorscanalsochoosetokeeptrackofstudents’progress.CriteriaUsingmachinelearningmodels,thePopsAdvisoranalyzesthefollowingcriteria:DeliveryIntroductionBodyConclusionVocalStyleVocalQualityVocalFillerEyeContactBodyLanguageCredibilityAttentionCentralIdeaPreviewConnectiveSupportLanguageConnectiveCredibilityOrganizationSignalingEndingSummaryMemorableEndingCredibilityFeedbackThepresenterreceivesfeedbackontheabovefourcategories.Andthisfeedbackisgiveninthefollowingformats:•RecommendationsToprovidepresenterswithvaluablefeedbackforthenextpractice,recommendationsfocusonspecificaspectsneedingimprovement.Forinstance,therecommendationcanbe“Yourmessageisclear,butbesureyouaregrabbingyouraudience’sattentioninyourintroductiontoensuretheyarelistening.”•SpeechMetrics(指标)Usefulspeechmetricsserveasquantitativedescriptorsonseveralaspectsofthepresentationincludingnumberofwords,totalpresentationtime,speakingrateandvocalfillerspercentage.PopsAdvisorcanbeusedinanyclassroomsettingwherestudentsarepresenting,particularlyintheBasicPublicSpeakingCourse.Whenyouareconsideringwhatcanbeachievedbyyourstudentstowardskilldevelopmentinasingleschoolsemester,Advisorincreasestheoveralldevelopment.1.WhatisthePopsAdvisor?A.Avoiceassistant. B.Avideoplayer. C.Atimetracker. D.Anevaluationtool.2.Whichofthefollowingcategoriesprovidesfeedbackonfacialexpressions?A.Delivery. B.Introduction. C.Body. D.Conclusion.3.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Labtechnicians. B.Publicspeechinstructors.C.Foreignlanguagelearners. D.ArtificialIntelligenceengineers.【答案】1.D2.A3.B【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了一款可以自动评估学生的视频演示，并提供视觉反馈的工具PopsAdvisor。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ThefirstprojectisthePopsAdvisorwhichprovidesanautomaticevaluationofstudents’videopresentationswithvisualfeedback.(第一个项目是PopsAdvisor，它可以自动评估学生的视频演示，并提供视觉反馈。)”以及第二段“Whilestudentscanoperateautonomouslywiththetool,instructorscanalsochoosetokeeptrackofstudents’progress.(学生可以使用该工具自主操作，教师也可以选择跟踪学生的进度。)”可知，PopsAdvisor是一款评估工具，故选D项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章Criteria部分Delivery中的“BodyLanguage(肢体语言)”可知Delivery这一项提供面部表情反馈，故选A项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“TheAdvisorofferson-demandcommentstostudentspracticingpublicspeakingfromanywhere.Thisflexibilitybenefitsinstructors,whocanbeashands-onorhands-offduringpractice.Whilestudentscanoperateautonomouslywiththetool,instructorscanalsochoosetokeeptrackofstudents’progress.(TheAdvisor为在任何地方练习公共演讲的学生提供按需评论。这种灵活性有利于教师，他们可以在练习中亲力亲为或放手不管。学生可以使用该工具自主操作，教师也可以选择跟踪学生的进度。)”以及最后一段“PopsAdvisorcanbeusedinanyclassroomsettingwherestudentsarepresenting,particularlyintheBasicPublicSpeakingCourse.(PopsAdvisor可以在任何学生演讲的课堂环境中使用，特别是在基础公共演讲课程中。)”可推知本文是针对公共演讲讲师的，故选B项。BHaroldSimmonsneverintendedtobecomeaneighborhoodlegend(传奇).At73,hewasjustaretiredworkerwithtoomuchtimeandanemptybackyard.Whatstartedasasimplegardenrailroadprojectquicklybecamesomethingextraordinary.Itbeganwithasinglecirculartrackandanoldsteamenginehe’drescuedfromasale.Eachday,hewouldaddtinydetails—atinygeneralstore,alittlechurchandsomehandcraftedtrees.Theneighborhoodchildrenwouldsometimeslookoverthefence,theireyeswidewithwonder.Oneparticularlycurious10-year-oldnamedMayastartedvisitingregularlyafterschool.HerworkingparentsappreciatedthatHarolddidn’tmindherwatchinghimwork.He’dexplaineachtinydetail.Wordspread.NeighborswhohadpreviouslyjustwavedpolitelystoppedtoadmireHarold’sgrowinglandscape.Childrenbroughttheirparents.Retiredworkerssharedstoriesabouttherealtrainsandtownsthemodelsrepresented.WhenthelocalelementaryschoolheardaboutHarold’sproject,theyaskedifhe’dbewillingtohostafieldtrip.Haroldwassurprised.Suddenly,classroomsofchildrenwerelearninghistory,engineering,andcreativitythroughhistinyrailroad.MayaconvincedheruncletocreateawebsiteshowingHarold’srailroad.Itwentpopularlocallyandthenregionally.Peoplestartedsendinghimminiature(微型的)pieceslikeatinywatertowerfromWisconsin.Soontherailroadbecamealivinghistorymuseum,aclassroom,andagatheringplace.Onweekends,Haroldwouldletchildrencontrolthetrains,theirsmallhandscarefullymanagingthecontrollersandtheirfaceslitwithpurejoy.Someparentsnoticedtheirkidswerelearningpatience,precision,andstorytellingthroughthissimplehobby.BythetimeHaroldturned80,hisbackyardhadbecomeacommunitylandmark.Localschoolsincludedvisitsintotheircurriculum(课程).retirementhomesorganizedgrouptrips.Artistsandhistoriansturnedtohim.Thetinytracksbecamesomethingmagical,showinghowpassion,creativity,andopennesscouldbuildconnectionsfarbiggerthananyonecouldimagine.4.WhydidHaroldstartbuildingthegardenrailroad?A.Tokillhissparetime. B.Tohostfieldtrips.C.Totrainlocalchildren. D.Tobecomefamous.5.Whatwastheneighbors’attitudetowardHarold’sproject?A.Critical. B.Negative. C.Appreciative. D.Uncertain.6.WhydidHarold’sprojectattractthelocalelementaryschool?A.Itincludedanewsteamengine. B.Ithadaneducativevalue.C.Itwaspraisedonawebsite. D.Itwasagardenprogramme.7.Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthestory?A.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.B.Manyhandsmakelightwork.C.Educationknowsnoboundaries.D.Smallthingsmakeabigdifference.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了73岁的退休工人HaroldSimmons在自家后院建造了一个花园铁路模型，起初只是为了消磨时间，但这个项目逐渐吸引了邻居、孩子和学校的注意，最终成为社区的地标。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“At73,hewasjustaretiredworkerwithtoomuchtimeandanemptybackyard.(73岁时，他只是一个退休工人，有太多的时间和空荡荡的后院)”可知，Harold开始建造花园铁路是为了消磨空闲时间。故选A项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Wordspread.NeighborswhohadpreviouslyjustwavedpolitelystoppedtoadmireHarold’sgrowinglandscape.Childrenbroughttheirparents.Retiredworkerssharedstoriesabouttherealtrainsandtownsthemodelsrepresented.(消息传开了。以前只是礼貌挥手的邻居们停下来欣赏哈罗德不断扩大的景观。孩子们带着父母一起来。退休工人们分享了模型所代表的真实火车和城镇的故事)”可知，邻居们对Harold的项目是欣赏和喜爱的。故选C项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“WhenthelocalelementaryschoolheardaboutHarold’sproject,theyaskedifhe’dbewillingtohostafieldtrip.Haroldwassurprised.Suddenly,classroomsofchildrenwerelearninghistory,engineering,andcreativitythroughhistinyrailroad.(当地小学听说了哈罗德的项目后，问他是否愿意接待一次实地考察。哈罗德很惊讶。突然间，教室里的孩子们通过他的微型铁路学习历史、工程和创造力)”可知，哈罗德的项目能够让孩子们学习历史、工程和创造力，可推理出哈罗德的项目具有教育价值。故选B项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“At73,hewasjustaretiredworkerwithtoomuchtimeandanemptybackyard.(73岁时，他只是一个退休工人，有太多的时间和空荡荡的后院)”、第三段中“Wordspread.NeighborswhohadpreviouslyjustwavedpolitelystoppedtoadmireHarold’sgrowinglandscape.Childrenbroughttheirparents.Retiredworkerssharedstoriesabouttherealtrainsandtownsthemodelsrepresented.(消息传开了。以前只是礼貌挥手的邻居们停下来欣赏哈罗德不断扩大的景观。孩子们带着父母一起来。退休工人们分享了模型所代表的真实火车和城镇的故事)”、第四段“WhenthelocalelementaryschoolheardaboutHarold’sproject,theyaskedifhe’dbewillingtohostafieldtrip.Haroldwassurprised.Suddenly,classroomsofchildrenwerelearninghistory,engineering,andcreativitythroughhistinyrailroad.(当地小学听说了哈罗德的项目后，问他是否愿意接待一次实地考察。哈罗德很惊讶。突然间，教室里的孩子们通过他的微型铁路学习历史、工程和创造力)”以及最后一段“BythetimeHaroldturned80,hisbackyardhadbecomeacommunitylandmark.Localschoolsincludedvisitsintotheircurriculum(课程).retirementhomesorganizedgrouptrips.Artistsandhistoriansturnedtohim.Thetinytracksbecamesomethingmagical,showinghowpassion,creativity,andopennesscouldbuildconnectionsfarbiggerthananyonecouldimagine.(当哈罗德年满80岁时，他的后院已然成为一个社区地标。当地学校将其纳入教学课程安排参观；养老院组织集体前往游览；艺术家和历史学家也纷纷慕名而来。这些小小的轨道变得充满魔力，昭示着热情、创造力与开放的心态所能构筑起的联结，其影响力之深远远超过任何人最初的想象)”可知，文章讲述了一个退休老人最初只是为了消磨时间而建造的微型铁路模型，最终发展成为一个社区地标，吸引了孩子、学校、退休老人等，产生了巨大的社会影响。由此推知，我们可以从这个故事学到“微小的事物也能产生巨大的影响”。故选D项。CHaveyoueverfoundyourselfreallywantingtochangeyetsomehowremainingstuckinthesamepatterns?Theanswermightnotbeinyourbehaviors,butinyourbeliefs—specifically,thebeliefsyouhaveaboutyourselfandwhoyouare.Thisiswhatpsychologistscallself-conceptinertia(惰性).Self-conceptinertiaisthepsychologicalresistancetochangingouridentity.Ourself-conceptisinfluencedbyournarrativeidentity,whichismadeupofthestorieswetellaboutourselves.Thesenarrativescangobeyondsimplydescribingwhowearetoday—theycanrestrictusfrombeingwhowebelievewe’recapableofbecominginthefuture.Thismeansthatevenifwewanttochange,aslongasweholdontoouroldidentities,we’llunintentionallyresistmakingthechangesweknowweneedtomaketobecomethe“new”versionofourselves.Ourself-conceptdoesn’tyieldeasily,eventoourconscious(有意识的)desires.Whenyourbehaviorscontradictyourself-image,youexperienceastateofpsychologicaldiscomfort.Forexample,ifyou’vealwaysseenyourselfas“notamorningperson”,successfullywakingupat5a.m.createstensionwithyourestablishedidentity.Soyourbrainhastwooptions:Updateyourself-concept(hard)orabandonthenewbehavior(easier).AsCarolDweckdiscussesinherbookMindset:TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,peoplewith“fixedmindsets”tendtoavoidchallengesthatmightcontradicttheirself-concept.Yetyourself-conceptismalleablebydesign.Noticewhenyouuseaphraselike“I’mjustnota___8___person”.Theabsolutestatementsignalsfewchangeswillhappen.Insteadof“I’mnotanorganizedperson”(identity),try“Ihaven’tdevelopedstrongorganizationalsystemsyet”(behavior).Identitystatementsfeelpermanent,butbehaviorstatementsfeelchangeable.Identifyingthesehabitsalsogivesyouinsightintoasolutionyoucanpracticeandimprove.Self-conceptinertiaweakenswhenweholdouridentitieslightly.Whenweseeourselvesasworksinprogressratherthanfinishedproducts,wecreatethepsychologicalspaceneededforgenuinetransformation.Thequestionisn’twhetheryoucanchange—it’swhetheryou’rewillingtoletgooffamiliarlimitationstodiscoverwhatliesbeyondthem.8.Howdoesournarrativeidentityaffectus?A.Itdefinesourbetterfuture. B.Itchangesourself-concept.C.Itlimitsourbehaviourchoices. D.Itimprovesourpreviousselves.9.Whatdoestheexampleofwakingupat5a.m.illustrate?A.Thedifficultyingettingridoftension.B.Thebenefitsofbecominganearlyriser.C.Theconflictbetweenbehaviourandself-identity.D.Theimportanceoffollowingastrictdailyroutine.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“malleable”inparagraph4mean?A.Predictable. B.Available. C.Sustainable. D.Adjustable.11.Whatdoestheauthoradvisepeopletodo?A.Makeperfectproducts. B.Avoidlabellingyourself.C.Monitorpsychologicalchanges. D.Attachimportancetoself-image.【答案】8.C9.C10.D11.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我概念惰性这一心理现象，即人们心理上抗拒改变自我身份，阐述了叙事身份对我们的影响，以及如何应对自我概念惰性。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Ourself-conceptisinfluencedbyournarrativeidentity,whichismadeupofthestorieswetellaboutourselves.Thesenarrativescangobeyondsimplydescribingwhowearetoday—theycanrestrictusfrombeingwhowebelievewe’recapableofbecominginthefuture.Thismeansthatevenifwewanttochange,aslongasweholdontoouroldidentities,we’llunintentionallyresistmakingthechangesweknowweneedtomaketobecomethe“new”versionofourselves.”(我们的自我概念受叙事身份的影响，叙事身份由我们讲述的关于自己的故事构成。这些叙事不仅仅局限于描述我们当下是谁，它们还会限制我们成为我们相信自己未来有能力成为的人。这意味着，即便我们想要改变，但只要我们紧握着旧有的身份不放，就会在不经意间抗拒做出那些我们深知需要做出、以成为“全新”自我的改变)”可知，叙事身份不仅描述当下的我们，还会限制我们成为我们认为自己未来有能力成为的人，也就是限制我们的行为选择。故选C。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Whenyourbehaviorscontradictyourself-image,youexperienceastateofpsychologicaldiscomfort.Forexample,ifyou’vealwaysseenyourselfas“notamorningperson”,successfullywakingupat5a.m.createstensionwithyourestablishedidentity.Soyourbrainhastwooptions:Updateyourself-concept(hard)orabandonthenewbehavior(easier).(当你的行为与自我形象相悖时，你会经历一种心理不适的状态。例如，如果你一直认为自己“不是早起的人”，那么在早上5点成功起床就会与你既定的身份产生冲突。所以你的大脑有两个选择：更新你的自我概念或放弃新的行为)”可知，当行为与自我形象冲突时，大脑面临更新自我概念(困难)或放弃新行为(容易)的选择，接下来以早上5点起床为例，是为了说明行为与自我身份之间的冲突。故选C。【10题详析】词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Noticewhenyouuseaphraselike“I’mjustnota_____person”.Theabsolutestatementsignalsfewchangeswillhappen.Insteadof“I’mnotanorganizedperson”(identity),try“Ihaven’tdevelopedstrongorganizationalsystemsyet”(behavior).Identitystatementsfeelpermanent,butbehaviorstatementsfeelchangeable.(注意当你使用“我只是不是一个……的人”这样的表述时。这种绝对的表述意味着几乎不会有什么变化。不要说“我不是一个有条理的人”(身份表述)，试着说“我还没有建立起强大的组织体系”(行为表述)。身份表述给人一种永久不变的感觉，而行为表述则给人一种可改变的感觉)”可知，作者建议把身份表述(如“我不是一个有条理的人”)转化为行为表述(如“我还没有建立起强大的组织体系”)，因为身份表述感觉是固定的，而行为表述感觉是可以改变的，这表明自我概念是可以改变的，也就是具有可调整性的，所以malleable意思是“可调整的”。A.Predictable可预测的；B.Available可获得的；C.Sustainable可持续的；D.Adjustable可调整的。故选D。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Noticewhenyouuseaphraselike“I’mjustnota_____person”.Theabsolutestatementsignalsfewchangeswillhappen.Insteadof“I’mnotanorganizedperson”(identity),try“Ihaven’tdevelopedstrongorganizationalsystemsyet”(behavior).Identitystatementsfeelpermanent,butbehaviorstatementsfeelchangeable.Identifyingthesehabitsalsogivesyouinsightintoasolutionyoucanpracticeandimprove.”(注意当你使用“我只是不是一个……的人”这样的表述时。这种绝对的表述意味着几乎不会有什么变化。不要说“我不是一个有条理的人”(身份表述)，试着说“我还没有建立起强大的组织体系”(行为表述)。身份表述给人一种永久不变的感觉，而行为表述则给人一种可改变的感觉。识别这些习惯也能让你洞察到一个你可以练习和改进的解决方案)”和最后一段中“Whenweseeourselvesasworksinprogressratherthanfinishedproducts,wecreatethepsychologicalspaceneededforgenuinetransformation.Thequestionisn’twhetheryoucanchange—it’swhetheryou’rewillingtoletgooffamiliarlimitationstodiscoverwhatliesbeyondthem.”(当我们把自己看作是正在进行中的作品，而不是成品时，我们就为真正的转变创造了必要的心理空间。问题不在于你能否改变，而在于你是否愿意放下熟悉的限制，去发现它们之外的东西)”可知，作者建议人们不要用绝对的身份表述来限制自己，而应该用行为表述，并且把自己看作是正在进行中的作品，也就是不要给自己贴标签。故选B。DBathinginthesunhasbeenconsideredahealthhazardforatleastfourdecades.Itmainlycomesfromultraviolet(UV)light,whichtheSunemitsalongsidevisibleradiation.TherisksUVposesarereal,butanewresearchsuggestsitmaybetimetoconsiderthebenefits.AccordingtoastudypublishedrecentlyinHealthandPlace,increasedUVexposureappearstomakepeoplesignificantlylesslikelytodieofcardiovascular(心血管)diseaseaswellascancer.Toconducttheiranalysis,theresearchersfromtheUniversityofEdinburghuseddatafromover360,000peopleintheUKBiobank,adatabase.TheyidentifiedtwogroupsmorelikelytohavehighUVexposure:thosewhoclaimedtousesunbedsorsunlamps;andthoselivinginsunnierlocations.Tocheckthattheirassumptionsaboutthesubjects’UVexposurewerecorrect,thescientistsalsolookedatvitaminDlevelsinasubsetofbloodsamples.AsvitaminDissynthesisedintheskininthepresenceofcertainformsofUVradiation,itisareliableindicatorofsolarexposure.Theiranalysisshowedthatsunbed-userswere23%lesslikelytodieofcardiovasculardisease,and14%lesslikelytodieofcancer,thannon-users.Similartrendshelddependingonwherepeoplelived.Sunbed-users,inotherwords,livedanaverageof48dayslongerthannon-usersoverthe15yearsduringwhichtheywerestudied.TheexactmechanismwherebyUVlightmightlengthenlivesisunknown.TheauthorsbelievepartoftheexplanationmaylieinvitaminD’scompetenceinboostingtheimmunesystemandimprovingbonehealth.Theyalsopointtonitricoxide(NO，一氧化氮),apowerfulblood-vesselwidenercapableofreducingtheriskofcardiovasculardisease.ApriorresearchpublishedintheJournalofInvestigativeDermatologyshowedthatNOisreleasedinskincellsthathavemoderateexposuretosomeUVradiation,andsunlighthelpsmoveitintothecirculatorysystems.Butfornow,expertsagreethestudyisnotalicencetostopwearingsuncream.12.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bydefiningaconcept.C.Byprovidingalong-heldopinion. D.Bymakingcomparison.13.WhatisemployedtomeasureUVexposure?A.Thelocationsofliving. B.Thelengthofsunbathing.C.Thefrequencyofsunbathing. D.ThelevelofvitaminDinblood.14.WhichmechanismisapossiblewayUVexposurelengthenslife?A.Reducingbonedensity. B.Movingthecirculatorysystem.C.Restrictingtheimmunesystem. D.ReleasingNOtowidenbloodvessels.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthisarticle?A.Sunbathing:RiskingOurSkin. B.UVExposure:BenefitsorNot?C.SunCream:AcureforUVExposure. D.VitaminD:AWaytoLengthenLifespan?【答案】12.C13.D14.D15.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项研究，研究表明紫外线暴露可能带来健康益处，如降低心血管疾病和癌症死亡风险，但具体机制尚不明确。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Bathinginthesunhasbeenconsideredahealthhazardforatleastfourdecades.(至少四十年来，晒太阳一直被认为是一种健康危害。)”可知，作者在第一段通过提供一个长期持有的观点来引出话题。故选C。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Tocheckthattheirassumptionsaboutthesubjects’UVexposurewerecorrect,thescientistsalsolookedatvitaminDlevelsinasubsetofbloodsamples.AsvitaminDissynthesisedintheskininthepresenceofcertainformsofUVradiation,itisareliableindicatorofsolarexposure.(为了验证他们对受试者紫外线暴露的假设是否正确，科学家们还检查了一部分血液样本中的维生素D水平。由于维生素D是在某些形式的紫外线辐射存在的情况下在皮肤中合成的，因此它是太阳暴露的一个可靠指标。)”可知，通过血液中维生素D的水平来测量紫外线暴露。故选D。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Theyalsopointtonitricoxide(NO，一氧化氮),apowerfulblood-vesselwidenercapableofreducingtheriskofcardiovasculardisease.ApriorresearchpublishedintheJournalofInvestigativeDermatologyshowedthatNOisreleasedinskincellsthathavemoderateexposuretosomeUVradiation,andsunlighthelpsmoveitintothecirculatorysystems.(他们还指出一氧化氮（NO）是一种强大的血管扩张剂，能够降低心血管疾病的风险。发表在《皮肤病学研究杂志》上的一项先前研究表明，NO在皮肤细胞中释放，这些细胞受到一定程度的紫外线辐射，阳光有助于将其转移到循环系统。)”可知，释放一氧化氮扩张血管可能是紫外线暴露延长寿命的一种可能机制。故选D。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“TherisksUVposesarereal,butanewresearchsuggestsitmaybetimetoconsiderthebenefits.(紫外线带来的风险是真实的，但一项新的研究表明，或许是时候考虑它的益处了。)”以及最后一段中“TheexactmechanismwherebyUVlightmightlengthenlivesisunknown.(紫外线延长寿命的确切机制尚不清楚。)”可知，文章主要讨论了紫外线暴露的益处，以及其延长寿命的可能机制，但具体机制尚不明确。因此，选项B“UVExposure:BenefitsorNot?(紫外线暴露：有益还是有害？)”作为文章标题最合适。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Allergies(过敏)havebecomemorecommonoverthelast30years.____16____Halfofthesesufferersarechildren.Allergyisareactionthatoccurswhentheimmunesystem,whichproducessubstancestohelpyourbodyfightagainstinfectionanddisease,hasastrangeandunnecessaryreactiontoanormallyharmlesssubstance,suchasseafoodorpeanuts.Todefendyourbodyagainstanattacker,theimmunesystemremembersthesedangerousmicro-organismsandattacksthemifitmeetsthemagain.____17____Theimmunesystemofallergysufferersmakesantibodies(抗体)againstharmlesssubstancesbecauseitmistakenlybelievesthemdangerous.Anallergicreactionmaynothappenthefirsttimeasufferermeetsanallergen(thesubstancecausingthereaction).____18____Whathashappenedisthattheimmunesystemhasnowdecidedthesubstanceisdangerousandhasmadeanallergyantibody.Thisleadstothesignsofanallergy,suchasswelling,rashes,sneezing,soreeyes,andbreathlessness.Somepeoplearebornwiththeabilitytomakelotsofallergyantibodies.Theyaremorelikelytodevelopallergies.Theremayalsobealinkbetweenallergiesandantibiotics(抗生素).Atonetime,ourimmunesystemswerekeptbusyfightingoffdiseaseandtryingtowinthebattleforhealth,butantibioticshavereducedourimmunesystems’work.____19____Agooddealofresearchisbeingdevotedtofindingacureforallergies.____20____Theymayalsobeofferedteststofindoutwhatsubstancescauseanallergicreactionsothattheycanavoidcontactwiththeminthefuture.A.Thisworkisdonebyantibodies.B.Themostsevereallergicreactionmustbetreatedimmediately.C.Sufferersmaybegivenmedicinetocontrolthesignsofillness.D.Now,one-thirdofusareaffectedbyanallergyatsomepointinourlives.E.Theantibodythenattachesitselftocells,whichcontaincertainchemicals.F.Thusspareenergymaybedirectedtoharmlesssubstancessuchasstrawberries.G.Sometimes,peoplecaneatnutsforyearsandsuddenlybecomeallergictothem.【答案】16.D17.A18.G19.F20.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了过去30年过敏更普遍，三分之一的人会受影响，一半患者是儿童。过敏是免疫系统对无害物质的异常反应。过敏反应不一定首次接触过敏原就发生，免疫系统还可能因抗生素而将精力指向无害物质。研究致力于治过敏，患者或用药控制症状、做测试避过敏原。【16题详析】根据上文“Allergies(过敏)havebecomemorecommonoverthelast30years.(在过去的30年里，过敏变得越来越普遍)”以及后文“Halfofthesesufferersarechildren.(这些患者中有一半是儿童)”可知，本句主要是在说明人们过敏的普遍情况。故D选项“现在，我们中有三分之一的人在生活的某个阶段受到过敏的影响”承接前文数据，引出后文儿童比例，故选D。【17题详析】根据上文“Todefendyourbodyagainstanattacker,theimmunesystemremembersthesedangerousmicro-organismsandattacksthemifitmeetsthemagain.(为了保护你的身体免受攻击，免疫系统会记住这些危险的微生物，如果再次遇到它们就会攻击它们)”以及后文“Theimmunesystemofallergysufferersmakesantibodies(抗体)againstharmlesssubstancesbecauseitmistakenlybelievesthemdangerous.(过敏患者的免疫系统会对无害物质产生抗体，因为它错误地认为这些物质是危险的)”可知，上文解释了免疫系统的作用，后文提到了产生抗体，推测免疫系统发挥作用需要抗体，A选项antibodies对应后文antibodies。故A选项“这项工作是由抗体完成的”符合语境，故选A。【18题详析】根据上文“Anallergicreactionmaynothappenthefirsttimeasufferermeetsanallergen(thesubstancecausingthereaction).(患者第一次接触过敏原（引起过敏反应的物质）时可能不会发生过敏反应)”以及后文“Whathashappenedisthattheimmunesystemhasnowdecidedthesubstanceisdangerousandhasmadeanallergyantibody.(现在的情况是，免疫系统已经确定这种物质是危险的，并产生了过敏抗体)”可知，上文提到了第一次接触不会过敏，后文提到了免疫系统确定物质危险产生抗体，说明过敏是之后发生的。故G选项“有时候，人们可能吃了多年坚果，突然对它们过敏”举例说明此现象，故选G。【19题详析】根据上文“Theremayalsobealinkbetweenallergiesandantibiotics(抗生素).Atonetime,ourimmunesystemswerekeptbusyfightingoffdiseaseandtryingtowinthebattleforhealth,butantibioticshavereducedourimmunesystems’work.(过敏和抗生素之间也可能存在联系。曾经，我们的免疫系统忙于抵抗疾病，试图赢得健康之战，但抗生素减少了我们免疫系统的工作)”可知，前文说抗生素减少了免疫系统的工作，本句进一步说明免疫系统因为工作减少而可能发生的的事情（该事情应与过敏相关），故F选项“因此，多余的能量可以用于草莓等无害物质”解释过敏增加原因，故选F。【20题详析】根据上文“Agooddealofresearchisbeingdevotedtofindingacureforallergies.(大量的研究正致力于寻找治疗过敏的方法)”以及后文“Theymayalsobeofferedteststofindoutwhatsubstancescauseanallergicreactionsothattheycanavoidcontactwiththeminthefuture.(他们也可以接受测试，以找出哪些物质会引起过敏反应，以便他们将来避免接触这些物质)”可知，前文说大量研究致力于寻找治疗过敏的方法，后文说可能会进行测试找出引起过敏反应的物质，本句衔接前后文，说明除了研究治疗方法，还会对患者采取药物控制症状等措施，故C选项“患者可能会被给予药物来控制疾病的迹象”符合语境，故选C。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenJenniferCandotticleanedhercloset,sherediscoveredaflowerydress.ThoughshehaddonatedmanyclothesbeforemovingtoSwitzerland,shecouldn’tpartwiththisone.“Itholdstoomany____21____.”shesaid.Thedressremindedherofcollegedayswithherbestfriends:RobinClark,RobinGarrison,andAngieCarrano.Inherfavorite1989photo,she’swearingthatdressandthefourwerelaughing,holdingblueplastic____22____filledwithbeer.Thephoto,____23____intheirhomesdecadeslater,representedtheirunbreakablebond“It’s____24____thetestoftime.”Clarksaid.Lastyear,CandottifoundthedressbeforetheirannualtriptoItaly.She____25____thephototothegroup,sparkinganidea:“Let’s____26____this!”Packingthedress,shejoinedherfriendsforaweekofpasta-makingandhilltop____27____.InItaly,Candottiworetheoriginaldress,whiletheothers____28____1980s-styleoutfits.Garrisoneven____29____thebluesolocupsfromtheUS,fillingthemwithfineItalianwineinsteadoftheiroldcheapbeer.“We’ve_____30_____.”Clarkjoked.Candotti’shusbandhelpedthemrecapturetheir_____31_____,andtheyquicklygotthememorableshotbetweenlaughter.Nowintheir50s,thefriendsarebusywithcareersandfamiliesbut_____32_____yearlytrips.“Theseadventuresremindushowfriendshipshapeswhoweare.”Candottisaid.WhetherreconnectinginEdinburghorLeMarche,their_____33_____echotheircollegedays:sharingrecipes,_____34_____life’schallenges,andlaughingunderoneroof.“There’ssomuchinthatphotothatsomebodyelsejustlookingatitdoesn’tsee,butwecanseeandfeelit,”Clarksays.“AndIthinkthat’swhat’sso_____35_____aboutit.”21.A.secrets B.tasks C.memories D.rules22.A.bottles B.cups C.bowls D.plates23.A.painted B.hung C.broken D.hidden24.A.stood B.failed C.replaced D.weakened25.A.exposed B.drew C.described D.texted26.A.recreate B.borrow C.forget D.donate27.A.routines B.accidents C.trials D.adventures28.A.threwaway B.dugout C.heldon D.cameacross29.A.made B.sold C.exported D.sourced30.A.upgraded B.adapted C.encountered D.delayed31.A.expressions B.costumes C.poses D.attitudes32.A.prioritize B.cancel C.ignore D.advertise33.A.incidents B.gatherings C.perspectives D.departures34.A.highlighting B.avoiding C.discussing D.interrupting35.A.logical B.common C.special D.practical【答案】21.C22.B23.B24.A25.D26.A27.D28.B29.D30.A31.C32.A33.B34.C35.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲的是一条无意中发现的裙子让JenniferCandotti回忆起了与好友们的大学时光，于是在她的提议下好友们在去年的旅行聚会时又穿上了大学时代的服装，拍摄了一张令人难忘的照片的故事。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“它承载了太多的回忆。”A.secrets秘密；B.tasks任务；C.memories记忆，回忆；D.rules规则，条例。根据后文“Thedressremindedherofcollegedayswithherbestfriends:RobinClark,RobinGarrison,andAngieCarrano.”可知，这件裙子让她想起了大学时代和她最好的朋友，所以承载了很多回忆，故选C项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她最喜欢的1989年的照片中，她穿着那条裙子，四个人笑着，手里拿着装满啤酒的蓝色塑料杯。A.bottles瓶子；B.cups杯子；C.bowls碗；D.plates盘子。根据空后“filledwithbeer”以及后文“thebluesolocupsfromtheUS”可知，此处指的是装满啤酒的蓝色塑料杯，故选B项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几十年后，这张照片挂在她们的家中，代表了她们牢不可破的关系。Clark说。A.painted上油漆，涂颜料；B.hung悬挂，垂落；C.broken打碎，弄坏，违反；D.hidden隐藏，遮挡。根据空后“intheirhomesdecadeslater”可知，照片悬挂在她们的家里，故选B项。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“它经受住了时间的考验。”Clark说。A.stood经受，容忍，站立；B.failed失败，辜负；C.replaced取代，替换，放回；D.weakened变弱，削弱，减弱。根据前文“intheirhomesdecadeslater,representedtheirunbreakablebond”以及空后“thetestoftime”可知这幅画在她们家悬挂了几