湖南省衡阳市部分学校2025-2026学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省衡阳市部分学校2025-2026学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFromgoingtoworktotraveling,herearesomebackpacksyoucanuseinseveraldifferentsituations.SZLXbackpackThisbackpackisdescribedas“designedfortravel”andyoucanseewhy—asunzippedandopen,itlooksabitlikeacarry-onbag.Ithastwozippocketsandaninsidecompartment(隔层).Withashoecompartmentandabagforwetclothes,itisagreatchoicefortravelingandregularuse.DellaGaobackpackThisbackpackwillhaveyoufeelingsafe,withlockablezips(拉链).Ithasthreemaincompartmentsandat17inches,hasalargeoverallspaceforkeepingimportantitems.It’sawisechoiceforbusinesstravel,universityorifyou’regoingonholidaywithhigh-valueitems.LekeskybackpackLookinglikeacrossbetweenalunchbagandabackpack,theLekeskybagisactuallyabitofboth,withtwopocketsalongsideamaincompartment.Thebagalsohasaseparatelunchcompartment,abletostorefoodforninehourswithanicebag.Thebagcomesinblack/whiteaswellasgreen/white.MaxtopbackpackIfwhatyou’reafterinabackpackisalotofspace,thenthisbagwillbetheoneforyou.ItcomeswithmetalzippersandaUSBport,plusitcanbefoldedupwhennotinuse.ItalsohasaD-ringforyoutohangakeyorotheritemsifdesired.1.Whichbackpackbestsuitsapersoncarryingexpensiveitems?A.DellaGaobackpack B.LekeskybackpackC.SZLXbackpack D.Maxtopbackpack2.WhatistrueaboutLekeskybackpack?A.Itcomesinfourdifferentcolors.B.Itisgreatforkeepingfood.C.Itcanbefoldedupwhennotinuse.D.Ithasabagforwetclothes.3.Inwhichsectionofanewspaperdoesthetextprobablyappear?A.Sports. B.Health. C.Lifestyle. D.Culture.BEveryyearvaccines(疫苗)savearoundfivemillionlivesglobally.Unfortunately,mostvaccinesneedtobekeptcooltostopthemfromgoingoff.Thismakesitdifficulttotransportthemtoremoteareas,becauseiftheygettoowarmtheywon’twork.ThisiswhatDrAselSartbaevahasbeenattemptingtosolve.Asachild,AselSartbaevaalwayslookeduptoscientistslikeMichaelFaradayandMarieCurie.WhenshestudiedatCambridgeUniversity,shemetanaward-winningphysicistcalledBrianJosephson.“Myjawdropped,”shesaid,“Itfeltlikea‘bigthing’formetobeworkinginthesameplaceasscientistsIhadlookeduptoforsolong.”In2010,whentakingherdaughtertobevaccinated,shenoticedthedoctorhadkeptthevaccinesinthefridge.Latershefoundthattherewereplacesaroundtheworldwherevaccinescouldn’tbedeliveredbecausetheycouldn’tberefrigerated(冷藏)forthewholejourney—meaningsomepeoplemissoutongettingvaccines.Sartbaevawantedtoinventawaytokeepvaccinesstableatalltemperatures,soshecameupwithensilication(硅化法)toimprovetheirstability.Overthenextfewyears,Sartbaevaandherteamhavetestedoutdifferentwaystoseeiftheensilicatedvaccinescanbekeptstablewhenthey’reoutofthefridge.OneoftheseexperimentsinvolvedsendingvaccinesinthepostfromBathtoNewcastle.Thejourneyismorethan300miles,whichcantakeadayortwobypost,butthevaccineswerestillsafetousewhentheyarrived.In2021,SartbaevawasnamedaUNICEFAmbassadorforGirlsinScienceProject.Shedesignedexperimentstogetgirlsinterestedinthescience-basedsubjects.“Ihopethey’llencouragemoregirlstoworkinscientificfieldbecauseweneedmorelikethem.Besidesscientificandteachingwork,Istrivetobridgethegapbetweenscientificinnovationsandthepublic,makingthemmoreaccessible,”shesaid.4.HowdidSartbaevafeelwhenshemetBrianJosephson?A.Embarrassed. B.Relieved. C.Scared. D.Honored.5.WhatdroveSartbaevatoinventensilication?A.Poorqualityofvaccines. B.Vaccineinstabilitywithoutrefrigeration.C.Herdaughter’sunexpectedillness. D.Children’shighdemandforvaccines.6.Whydoestheauthormentionthejourneyinparagraph4?A.Toshowtheeffectivenessofensilication.B.Toemphasizethehighcostoftransportation.C.Tocomparedifferentmeansoftransportation.D.Toexplaintheworkingprincipleofensilication.7.WhatcanweknowaboutSartbaevaaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.SheencouragesgirlstobeUNICEFAmbassadors.B.Shetriestoclearthemisunderstandingaboutwomen.C.Sheaimstopopularizescienceamongcommonpeople.D.Shethinksfemalesmoretalentedthanmalesinscience.CTheideathatthestandardhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,it’sbecomesowidelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth—atoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.However,itturnsoutthatthiswell-establishedfactisn’t,infact,correct—or,toputitmoreaccurately,humanbeingshavebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm(标准).Therefore,aStanfordteam,ledbyProfessorJulieParsonnet,decidedtodoamorein-depthstudytocomparemodernmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.Fortheirresearch,theStanfordteamlookedatthreedistinctdatasetsfromtwohistoricalperiods.Aftergoingthrough677,423temperaturemeasurements,theteamfoundthatmenborninthe21stcenturyhadanaveragebodytemperatureof0.6℃lowerthanthatofthoseborninthelate19thcentury,whilewomenborninthesameperiodshowedanaveragedecreaseof0.03℃comparedtothoseborninthe1890s.Astowhythisishappening,theresearcherssaythatthemostlikelymechanismisareduction(减少)inthehumanmetabolicrate(代谢率)duetoenvironmentalfactors.Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheimpactofinflammations(炎症),whichpromotemetabolism.This,combinedwithpeoplelivingmorecomfortablelivesinmorestableenvironments,meansthatthebodydoesn’thavetoworkashardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.“Theenvironmentthatwe’relivinginhaschanged.Althoughwethinkofhumanbeingsasifwehavebeenthesameforallofhumanevolution(演化),we’renotthesame.We’reactuallychangingphysiologically,”Parsonnetsaid.8.What’sCarlReinholdAugustWunderlich’sachievement?A.Hesetupstandardsforhumanhealthservices.B.Hefirstusedbodytemperatureasahealthsignal.C.Hepredictedtrendsinhumans’bodytemperature.D.Heproposedthestandardofhumanbodytemperature.9.WhatdotheStanfordteam’stemperaturemeasurementsshow?A.Womenhavealowerbodytemperaturethanmen.B.Humans’bodytemperaturehasdroppedatafasterrate.C.Men’sbodytemperaturehasfallenfasterthanthatofwomen.D.Environmentaltemperatureshaverisensincethelate19thcentury.10.Whichofthefollowingisthoughttocausethedecreaseinhumanbodytemperature?A.Thedependenceontools. B.Theadaptiontoclimatechange.C.Thecontactwithotheranimals. D.Theimprovedlivingconditions.11.WhatisthemainideaofParsonnet’sstatementinthelastparagraph?A.Humanshavestayedbiologicallythesameduringevolution.B.Thechangedlivingenvironmenthascausedphysiologicalchangesinhumans.C.Modernhumans’livingenvironmentismuchbetterthanancientpeople’s.D.Humanevolutionhasstoppedbecausethecurrentlivingenvironmentisstable.DAnancientLatinproverbsays“Aquilanoncapitmuscas”—eaglesdon’thuntflies—meaningthatimportantonesshouldn’tconcernthemselveswithsmall,insignificantmatters.ButthelionsinEastAfricashouldconcernthemselveswiththeseeminglyinsignificantants,becausetheseantsarechangingtheirlifestyles.Thestorystartswiththeacaciatrees(金合欢树)inanAfricanwildlifeareaincentralKenya.Someoftheseacaciatreesprovidefoodandshelterforspecificantspecies,whichinturndefendthetreeagainstherbivores(食草动物).Theantsareactivelyattackinganddrivingawayherbivoresthatattempttofeedonthetree’sleaves.Thisishighlyeffective;theantsnotonlyphysicallyharmtheherbivoresbutalsoreleasechemicalsthatcandeterotherpotentialattackers.Buttheseantsareintrouble.Anotherspeciescalledthe“big-headed”antisdestroyingentiregroupsoftree-protectingants.This,inturn,setsoffanentirechainofeventsthatendsupinfluencingwhenandhowlionscanhunt.Thisantinvasion(入侵)affectsonethingafteranother.Itleavestheacaciatreesdefenselessagainstherbivoresespeciallyelephants.Theelephantscomeinandeattheacaciasatfivetoseventimestherateobservedinuninvadedareas.Thelions,whilehuntingforfood,havenomoretreestouseforhiding.Thisreducedtreecovermakeslionslesssuccessfulathuntingandpushesthemtofinddifferentareastohuntin.“ThesetinyinvadersarepullingonthetiesthatputanAfricanecosystem(生态系统)together,determiningwhoiseatenandwhere,”saidToddPalmer,anecologistfromFlorida.Thelions,whicharealreadyendangered,aremanagingtocopewiththisbynolongerfocusingtheirattentiononzebras.Thezebras,ofcourse,canseethemmuchbetterontheapproachgiventhelackofcover.Instead,theyaretargetingwaterbuffalo.Butthisalsoisn’ttheendofthestory.Whoknowswhatthelions’changingstrategywillmeanfortheecosystemdowntheline?12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deter”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Direct. B.Discourage. C.Recognize. D.Seek.13.Whatroledotheelephantsplayinthechainreaction?A.Cooperatingwith“big-headed”ants. B.Damagingthehidingplaceforlions.C.Protectingtheacaciasfromherbivores. D.Startingoffthedisturbanceofthechain.14.WhatcanweinferfromToddPalmer’swordsinparagraph5?A.Ecologistshavefoundawaytocontrolbig-headedants.B.TheAfricanecosystemwillsoonrecoverfromtheantinvasion.C.Onlybig-headedantscaninfluencethesurvivalofotherspecies.D.Big-headedantshavebrokenthebalanceoftheAfricanecosystem.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TinyAnts,BigImpact:ChangingtheWayLionsHunt.B.TheLawofJungle:HowElephantsRuletheEcosystem.C.ZebrasorBuffalo:Lions’ChoiceShiftinFoodPreference.D.Ecologists’NewDiscovery:MysteryBehindAfricanAcaciaTrees.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thereissomethingmagicalaboutexploringthegreatoutdoorsandhiking.Whetheryou’reasustainingornewhiker,hikingoffersadvantagesforyourbody,mindandspirit.IncreasephysicalfitnessHikingisanexcellentwaytoimproveyouroverallfitness.Althoughotherformsofexercisearegreatforyourhealth,hikinghasuniqueadvantagesthatcan’tbeproducedbyarunningmachine.____16____Improvementalwell-being(心理健康)____17____Spendingtimeinnature,includinghiking,canhelpliftyourspirits,increaseyourself-confidenceandsometimesreduceanxiety.Themixofphysicalactivity,freshairandthecalmingeffectsofnaturecanhaveastrongeffectonyourmentalwell-being.StrengthensocialconnectionsWhetheryougoonahikewithfriendsorjoinahikinggroup,thesharedexperiencescanbehighlyadvantageousandcancreatewonderfulsharedmemories.Hikingishard.____18____Soinviteafriendorjoinalocalhikinggroup,andexperiencethehappinessofconnectingwithotherswhileexploringnature.Improvecognitivefunction(认知功能)Doingphysicalactivityinnatureactivatesthebrain,leadingittoimprovefocus,creativityandproblem-solvingskills.Researchshowedthatspendingtimeinnaturecanimprovecognitivefunction.____19____Adropinspendingtimeinnatureandinphysicalactivitycanpossiblycauseacognitivedecline(下降).Developenvironmentalawareness(意识)Exploringpaths,forestsandmountainscanhelpyouconnecttonatureanddevelopagreaterunderstandingoftheneedtoprotecttheenvironment.Keepinmindafewthingswhilehiking—beingcarefulaboutcreatingfires,treatingwildlifewithcareandmakingsuretobringthingswithyouinordernottolitter.____20____A.Andtheoppositeisalsotrue.B.Youcanfeelasenseofcommunity.C.Byhiking,youcanactivelyhelpyourplanet.D.Buthikingasagrouphelpspeoplestayfocusedandenergized.E.Hikingoffersamuch-neededbreakfromthestressesofdailylife.F.Howlongyouneedtobeamongnaturedependsonhowactiveyou’vebeen.G.Youcanimproveyourstrengthandhealthwhileenjoyingthegreatoutdoors.第三部分语言运用(共四节，共55分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。At30,Imovedoutofmyparents’house,whichwasn’tabig____21____foranyone.Butmysituationis____22____,becauseIhavecerebralpalsy(大脑性麻痹).Mylefthanddoesn’twork,andIwalkwithacane(拐杖).Mylefteyeisalmostblind.EverythingIdotakestimeand____23____.Myparents,especiallymymom,dideverythingformewhenIgrewup.Lastyear,Idecideditwastimefora____24____.IwantedtoliveonmyownalthoughIwasafraidImightnotmanageit.Iknewmymomwasn’tgoingtobearoundforever.Thoughshe____25____aboutme,shewasvery____26____ofthisdecision,andevenfoundmethesmallhouseI’mlivingin.IwasconfidentIcoulddealwithanydifficulty,butIdidn’t____27____thatmyPop-Tartsbreakfastwouldbemyfirstbig____28____.IputmyPop-Tartsinthetoaster(烤面包机),buttheypoppedoutsofastthatoneofthemfellonthefloor.Iwas____29____.Ilookedatitand____30____whattodo.IknewIneededto____31____thesituationmyself.Afterthinkingforawhile,Irememberedthegrabbing(抓)sticksIboughtfor____32____likethis.Iusedthemtocarefullygrabthefallentartandfinallyputitbackonthecounter.Ihad____33____it!Sincethatday,I’velearnedtodomorethings.The____34____I’mhavinglivingonmyownisbiggerthananyofmyfears.NowIamableto____35____myself.IknowImadetherightdecision.21.A.deal B.mistake C.result D.chance22.A.real B.different C.safe D.simple23.A.luck B.money C.experience D.patience24.A.trip B.visit C.change D.lesson25.A.lied B.asked C.talked D.worried26.A.sure B.supportive C.afraid D.careful27.A.expect B.promise C.admit D.mention28.A.loss B.plan C.test D.hobby29.A.busy B.tired C.hungry D.surprised30.A.showed B.wondered C.recorded D.explained31.A.fix B.avoid C.discuss D.forget32.A.houses B.machines C.situations D.foods33.A.seen B.put C.got D.done34.A.fun B.honor C.need D.idea35.A.payattentionto B.takecareof C.getusedto D.makefunof第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。PekingOperaisaformoftraditionalChinesetheaterthat____36____(appear)inBeijinginthelate18thcentury.____37____(combine)music,song,danceandacrobatics(杂技动作)inalivelyandcolorfuldisplay,itisa____38____(relative)newstyleofdrama,comparedtoothertypesofChinesetheater.IntheearlyyearsofPekingOpera,alltheactorsweremen,____39____therolesofwomenplayedbyyoungboys.Thestoriesfellintotwomaincategories-wen,orciviltheater,whichfocusedonlove,____40____(marry)andothercivilianconcerns,andwu,ormilitarytheater,whichfocusedonthethemeofwarandwasknownforfeaturingthrillingstageactions.Inthefirsthalfofthe____41____(twenty)century,themostfamousactorofPekingOperawasMeiLanfang,____42____playedakeyroleinpopularizingPekingOperaandintroducingChinesetheatertotheWest.Additionally,Meialsotooktheboldstepoftakingonfemalestudents,whichwas____43____highlyriskyandunconventionalstepatthetime.AfterthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,PekingOperaperformances,whichdealtwithcontemporaryandrevolutionarythemes,wereencouraged.Despite____44____(it)upsanddowns,PekingOperawasrevived(复兴)inthe1980sandcontinuesto____45____(perform)today.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，你的美国好友Tony在与父母相处过程中出现了沟通不畅的问题，他心情不佳，请你写一封信给他一些帮助和建议。内容包括：1.安慰朋友；2.提出改善家庭关系的建议；3.表达祝愿。注意：1.写作词数应为100左右；2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。DearTony,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。InahousefarfromthecitylivedJohnandhismother.John’sonlyhobbywaswanderinginthenearbypicturesqueforest.Initscenterwasashinyclearlakewithschoolsoffishdancinginit.Lovelyanimalssuchasdeerorrabbitswereplayingaroundandcutebirdsweresingingintrees.Fascinatedbythebeautyandlivelinessofnature,hedesiredtobecomeagreatartistandpresentallthebreath-takingscenestotheworld.Johnstudiedinthelocalprimaryschool.LifewasnoteasyforJohnandhismomafterhisfatherdied.Knowingwhathardworkhismotherdidtomakeends