科学与技术（解析版）--2025年高考英语热点话题阅读时文阅读-mhygq013cfa

科学与技术（解析版）【材料来源：TheNewYorkTimesMar29,2024】ShouldWeFeartheWokeA.I.?Imagineashortstoryfromthegoldenageofsciencefiction,somethingthatwouldappearinapulpmagazinein1956.Ourtitleis“TheTruthEngine,”andthestoryenvisionsafuturewherecomputers,thosehulking,floor-to-ceilingthings,becomepotentenoughtoguidehumanbeingstoanswerstoanyquestiontheymightask,fromthecapitalofBoliviatothebestwaytomarinadeasteak.Howwouldsuchastoryend?Withsomekindofreveal,nodoubt,ofasecretagendalurkingbehindthepromiseofall-encompassingknowledge.Forinstance,maybethere’saTruthEngine2.0,smarterandmorecreative,thateveryonecan’twaittogettheirhandson.Andthenabandofdissidentsdiscoverthatversion2.0isfanaticalandmad,thattheEnginehasjustbeenpreparinghumansfortotalitarianbrainwashingorinvoluntaryextinction.Thisflightoffancyisinspiredbyoursociety’sownversionoftheTruthEngine,theoracleofGoogle,whichrecentlydebutedGemini,thelatestentrantinthegreatartificialintelligencerace.Itdidn’ttakelongforuserstonoticecertain…odditieswithGemini.ThemostnotablewasitsstruggletorenderaccuratedepictionsofVikings,ancientRomans,Americanfoundingfathers,randomcouplesin1820sGermanyandvariousotherdemographicsusuallycharacterizedbyapalerhueofskin.PerhapstheproblemwasjustthattheA.I.wasprogrammedforracialdiversityinstockimagery,anditshistoricalrenderingshadsomehow(asacompanystatementputit)“missedthemark”—delivering,forinstance,AfricanandAsianfacesinWehrmachtuniformsinresponsetoarequesttoseeaGermansoldiercirca1943.ButthewayinwhichGeminiansweredquestionsmadeitsnonwhitedefaultsseemmorelikeaweirdemanationoftheA.I.’sunderlyingworldview.Usersreportedbeinglecturedon“harmfulstereotypes”whentheyaskedtoseeaNormanRockwellimage,beingtoldtheycouldseepicturesofVladimirLeninbutnotAdolfHitler,andturneddownwhentheyrequestedimagesdepictinggroupsspecifiedaswhite(butnototherraces).Describingthesekindsofresultsas“wokeA.I.”isn’taninsult.It’satechnicaldescriptionofwhattheworld’sdominantsearchenginedecidedtorelease.【译文欣赏】我们应该害怕觉醒的⼈⼯智能吗？想象⼀下科幻⼩说⻩⾦时代的⼀个短篇故事，它出现在1956年的⼀本通俗杂志上。我们的标题是《真理引擎》，这个故事设想了⼀个未来，那些庞⼤、从地板到天花板的计算机变得⾜够强⼤，能够引导⼈类找到他们可能提出的任何问题的答案，从玻利维亚的⾸都到⽜排的最佳腌制⽅法。这种奇思妙想的灵感来⾃我们社会⾃⼰的“真理引擎”，即⾕歌的预⾔者，它最近推出了Gemini，这是⼈⼯智能竞赛中的最新参与者。⽤户很快就注意到了Gemini的⼀些……异常。最引⼈注⽬的是，它这样的故事会如何结束呢？毫⽆疑问，在全知全能的知识承诺背后隐藏着⼀个秘密议程。例如，也许存在⼀个真理引擎2.0更智能、更有创意，每个⼈都迫不及待地想要拥有。然后⼀群持不同政⻅者发现2.0版本是狂热和疯狂的，这台引擎只是在为⼈类准备全⾯的洗脑或⾮⾃愿的灭绝。这种奇思妙想的灵感来⾃我们社会⾃⼰的“真理引擎”，即⾕歌的预⾔者，它最近推出了Gemini，这是⼈⼯智能竞赛中的最新参与者。⽤户很快就注意到了Gemini的⼀些……异常。最引⼈注⽬的是，它在渲染维京⼈、古罗⻢⼈、美国开国元勋、1820年代德国的随机情侣以及其他通常被描述为肤⾊较浅的群体时遇到了困难。也许问题只是⼈⼯智能被编程⽤于库存图像中的种族多样性，⽽它的历史渲染在某种程度上（正如公司声明中所说）“偏离了⽬标”——例如，在回应要求看到⼤约1943年的德国⼠兵的请求时，它展示了⾮洲和亚洲⾯孔的穿着德国国防军制服的⼈。但Gemini回答问题的⽅式使得它的⾮⽩⼈默认设置看起来更像是⼈⼯智能潜在世界观的奇怪体现。⽤户报告说，当他们要求看到诺曼·洛克威尔的图像时，他们被“有害的刻板印象”所教导；当他们要求看到弗拉基⽶尔·列宁的图⽚时，他们被告知可以看到，但不能看到阿道夫·希特勒的图⽚；当他们要求展示指定为⽩⼈的群体（但不是其他种族）的图像时，他们被拒绝了。将这些结果描述为“觉醒的⼈⼯智能”并不是⼀种侮辱。这是⼀种技术描述，描述了世界主导的搜索引擎决定发布的内容。【词汇积累】1.pulp/pʌlp/n.浆状物;纸浆2.envision/ɪnˈvɪʒən/v.想象3.hulking/ˈhʌlkɪŋ/adj.笨重的4.potent/ˈpoʊtnt/adj.强大的5.agendum/əˈdʒɛndəm/n.议程6.all-encompassing/ˌɔːlɪnˈkʌmpəsɪŋ/adj.包罗万象的7.involuntary/ɪnˈvɑːlənˌtɛri/adj.无意识的8.demographic/ˌdɛməˈɡræfɪk/adj.人口的9.hue/hjuː/n.颜色10.diversity/daɪˈvɜːrsɪti/n.多样性11.emanation/ˌɛməˈneɪʃən/n.发出12.weird/wɪrd/adj.奇怪的【长难句分析】原句Thisflightoffancyisinspiredbyoursociety’sownversionoftheTruthEngine,theoracleofGoogle,whichrecentlydebutedGemini,thelatestentrantinthegreatartificialintelligencerace.译文这种奇思妙想的灵感来⾃我们社会⾃⼰的“真理引擎”，即⾕歌的预⾔者，它最近推出了Gemini，这是⼈⼯智能竞赛中的最新参与者。分析+--[主句:Thisflightoffancyisinspiredbyoursociety’sownversionoftheTruthEngine,theoracleofGoogle]|||+--[定语从句:whichrecentlydebutedGemini,thelatestentrantinthegreatartificialintelligencerace]|||+--[宾语:Gemini,thelatestentrantinthegreatartificialintelligencerace]|||+--[同位语:thelatestentrantinthegreatartificialintelligencerace]（一）（2024·河南郑州·三模）Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,lifeismademucheasierwhenyoutravelaround.Herearesometoptravelappsforyoutouse.YelpWhenyouareinanewlocationandneedaquickrecommendation,Yelpcomesinhandy.Itgivesinsightsintothequalityofbusinessesandservices,fromrestaurantstothewayinwhichtheywork,basedonuserreviews.Theuserscancertainlymakeunfairjudgementsforpersonalreasonsattimes,butYelpoftenatleastletsyougetasenseofwhattoexpect.ZomatoInChina,thereisagoodchanceyouhaveneverheardofZomato.Insomecountries,however,itismorepopularthanYelp,anditcoversthesameground.Zomatoisaremarkablecrowd-sourcedreviewwebsite,mostlyforrestaurants.Insomeregions,youcanorderdeliveryfoodthroughZomato,too.HappyCowIfyouareapersonwhodoesn’teatmeatorfish,orevendoesn’tuseanimalproductssuchasmeat,milkoreggsorifyouareonlylookingforahealthymealoptionaftereatingnot-so-healthymealsforseveraldaysinarow,youaresuretoappreciateHappyCow.Theappandweb-sitehelpyoufindrestaurants,cafes,healthfoodstores,andotherplacestogetameat-freemeal.TripadvisorYoucanreaddifferentreviewsofhotels,restaurantsandevenactivities,writtenbymembersoftheTripadvisorcommunity,aswellasseephotostheyhaveuploadedsoyouknowwhattoexpectbeforeyouarrive.Tripadvisorhasrelationshipswithvariousbookingsites,too,whichmeansonceyoufinishresearchinghotelsorrestaurants,youcanusuallyreservethemwithjustafewextraclicks.1．WhatdoYelpandZomatohaveincommon?A．Theyprovidedeliveryservicesquickly.B．Theyexpectuserstopromotetheirservices.C．Theyonlyrecommendhotelsandrestaurants.D．Theybasetheirrecommendationsonuserreviews.2．Whichappsuitsthepersonwhodoesn’teatmeat?A．Yelp. B．HappyCow. C．Tripadvisor. D．Zomato.3．WhatsetsTripadvisorapartfromothertravelapps?A．Itisofferedfreeofcharge. B．Itislinkedtobookingplatforms.C．Itrecommendsnearbyattractions. D．Itgivescorrecthotelratinginformation.【答案速查】1．D2．B3．B【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章推荐了一些顶级的旅游应用程序。1．推理判断题。根据Yelp部分中的“Itgivesinsightsintothequalityofbusinessesandservices,fromrestaurantstothewayinwhichtheywork,basedonuserreviews.(根据用户评论，它可以洞察企业和服务的质量，从餐馆到他们的工作方式。)”和Zomato部分中的“Zomatoisaremarkablecrowd-sourcedreviewwebsite,mostlyforrestaurants.(Zomato是一个了不起的众包评论网站，主要针对餐馆。)”可知，Yelp和Zomato的共同之处是他们的推荐都基于用户评论。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据HappyCow部分中的“Ifyouareapersonwhodoesn’teatmeatorfish,orevendoesn’tuseanimalproductssuchasmeat,milkoreggsorifyouareonlylookingforahealthymealoptionaftereatingnot-so-healthymealsforseveraldaysinarow,youaresuretoappreciateHappyCow.(如果你是一个不吃肉或鱼的人，甚至不使用动物产品，如肉，牛奶或鸡蛋，或者如果你只是在连续几天吃不太健康的食物后寻找健康的膳食选择，你一定会喜欢“开心牛”。)”可知，“开心牛”软件适合不吃肉食的人。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据Tripadvisor部分中的“Tripadvisorhasrelationshipswithvariousbookingsites,too,whichmeansonceyoufinishresearchinghotelsorrestaurants,youcanusuallyreservethemwithjustafewextraclicks.(Tripadvisor也与许多预订网站建立了合作关系，这意味着一旦你搜索完酒店或餐馆，你通常只需再点击几下就可以预订它们。)”可知，Tripadvisor与其它旅行软件的不同之处是它与预订平台链接。故选B。原句原句Ifyouareapersonwhodoesn’teatmeatorfish,orevendoesn’tuseanimalproductssuchasmeat,milkoreggsorifyouareonlylookingforahealthymealoptionaftereatingnot-so-healthymealsforseveraldaysinarow,youaresuretoappreciateHappyCow.译文如果你是一个不吃肉或鱼的人，甚至不使用动物产品，如肉，牛奶或鸡蛋，或者如果你只是在连续几天吃不太健康的食物后寻找健康的膳食选择，你一定会喜欢“开心牛”。分析+--[主句:youaresuretoappreciateHappyCow]|+--[条件状语从句:Ifyouareaperson]|+--[定语从句:whodoesn’teatmeatorfish,orevendoesn’tuseanimalproductssuchasmeat,milkoreggs]|+--[条件状语从句:ifyouareonlylookingforahealthymealoption]|+--[时间状语从句:aftereatingnot-so-healthymealsforseveraldaysinarow]1.handyadj.便利的1.handyadj.便利的 2.insightn.洞察力3.recommendationn.推荐 4.unfairadj.不公平的5.judgementn.判断 6.deliveryn.送货7.appreciatev.欣赏 8.optionn.选项9.reservev.预订 10.uploadv.上传（二）（2024·四川达州·二模）Withtheoceancoveringmorethan70%oftheEarth’ssurface,theNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)saidscientistsandresearchershaddependedonsonar(声呐)technologiestounderstandandmaptheseafloorwhichhadchartedonlyabout10%oftheworld’socean.FortheoceanandcoastalwatersintheUS,thenumberisjustaround35%.Weknowlessaboutourplanet’soceanthanwhatweknowaboutthefarsideofthemoonorthesurfaceofMars.Partofthereasonforthelackofobservationisthechallengeofpoweringanunderwatercamera.Researchershaveusedshipstorechargecamerasorobservedwithacameratiedtoashiptosolvetheissue,whichisexpensiveandunsuitableforlong-termobservations.Recently,researchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenamajorsteptoironoutthisproblembydevelopingabattery-free,wirelessunderwatercamerathatcouldharvestenergyunderwateronitsownforlongperiods.Tokeeppowerconsumptionaslowaspossible,theresearchersusedoff-the-shelf,ultra-low-powerimagingsensors.Thedevicetakescolorphotos,evenindarkunderwaterenvironments,andsendsimagedatawirelesslythroughthewater.Thecameraispoweredbysound.Itchangesmechanicalenergyfromsoundwavestravelingthroughwaterintoelectricalenergythatpowersitsimagingandcommunicationsequipment.Aftergettingandencodingimagedata,thecameraalsousessoundwavestosendthedatatoareceiverthatreconstructstheimage.Thosesoundwavescouldcomefromanysource,likeapassingshipormarinelife.Asitdoesn’tneedapowersource,thecameracouldrunforweeksonendbeforegettingitback,enablingscientiststosearchremotepartsoftheoceanfornewspecies.Nowthatresearchershavedemonstratedaworkingprototype(原型),theyplantoenhancethedevicesoitispracticalinreal-worldsettings.Forfutureapplication,thesecamerasmaybeusedtotakeimagesofoceanpollutionandcreatemoreaccuratemodelstomonitorclimatechangetobetterunderstandhowclimatechangeimpactstheunderwaterworld,andadvancevariousunderseascientificfields.4．Whatdothedatainparagraph1mainlyshow?A．UnderseaexplorationispoorintheUS.B．Muchoftheplanet’soceanremainsunexplored.C．Themappingoftheseaflooristime-consuming.D．Technologydevelopmentmattersalottoseaobservation.5．Whatlimitstheresearchers’underseaexplorationaccordingtothetext?A．Thecomplexityoftheseaenvironment.B．Theconcernaboutpotentialseapollution.C．Theshortageofinvestmentinoceanexploration.D．Theinabilitytoeffectivelypowerunderwatercameras.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ironout”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Overcome. B．Face.C．Analyze. D．Illustrate.7．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheMITunderwatercamera?A．Secureandstable. B．Expensivebuteffective.C．Impracticalbutadvanced. D．Self-sufficientandenergy-saving.【答案速查】4．B5．D6．A7．D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是麻省理工学院的研究人员开发了一种将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力的无线水下相机。4．推理判断题。根据首段“Withtheoceancoveringmorethan70%oftheEarth’ssurface,theNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)saidscientistsandresearchershaddependedonsonar(声呐)technologiestounderstandandmaptheseafloorwhichhadchartedonlyabout10%oftheworld’socean.FortheoceanandcoastalwatersintheUS,thenumberisjustaround35%.(由于海洋覆盖了地球表面的70%以上，美国国家海洋和大气管理局表示，科学家和研究人员依靠声纳技术来了解和绘制海底地图，而海底地图只占世界海洋面积的10%左右。对于美国的海洋和沿海水域，这一数字仅为35%左右。)”可知，海洋占地球表面面积的70%，而科学家和研究人员依靠声纳技术来了解和绘制的海底地图只占10%左右，美国海域，这一数字也只占35%左右，这些数据表明了地球上的大部分海洋仍未被探索。故选B项。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Partofthereasonforthelackofobservationisthechallengeofpoweringanunderwatercamera.(缺乏观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难。)”可知，缺乏对海洋观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难，由此可知，无法有效地为水下摄像机提供动力限制了研究者的海底探索。故选D项。6．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Partofthereasonforthelackofobservationisthechallengeofpoweringanunderwatercamera.(缺乏观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难。)”可知，无法有效地为水下摄像机提供动力限制了研究者的海底探索，结合画线短语前的“Recently,researchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenamajorstep(最近，麻省理工学院的研究人员迈出了重要的一步)”可知，就这个问题麻省理工学院的研究人员迈出了重要的一步。结合画线短语后的“bydevelopingabattery-free,wirelessunderwatercamerathatcouldharvestenergyunderwateronitsownforlongperiods.(他们开发了一种无需电池的无线水下相机，这种相机可以在水下长时间收集能量。)”可知，他们开发了一种无需电池的无线水下相机，这种相机能在水下长时间收集能量，由此推知，麻省理工学院的研究人员应该是在解决这个问题方面迈出了重要的一步，所以画线短语的意思应与“解决”意义相近。故选A项。7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Thecameraispoweredbysound.Itchangesmechanicalenergyfromsoundwavestravelingthroughwaterintoelectricalenergythatpowersitsimagingandcommunicationsequipment.(这台摄像机是由声音驱动的。它将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力。)”可知，该摄像机将声波转化成电能为成像和通信提供动力，由此可知，该相机可以自给自足，结合下文中的“Asitdoesn’tneedapowersource,thecameracouldrunforweeksonendbeforegettingitback,enablingscientiststosearchremotepartsoftheoceanfornewspecies.(由于它不需要电源，相机可以连续运行数周才返回，使科学家能够在海洋的偏远地区寻找新物种。)”可知，这种摄像机不需要电源，所以可以节约能源。综合以上信息，该摄像机既可以自给自足又能节约能源。故选D项。原句原句Itchangesmechanicalenergyfromsoundwavestravelingthroughwaterintoelectricalenergythatpowersitsimagingandcommunicationsequipment.译文它将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力。分析+--[主句:Itchangesmechanicalenergy]|+--[介词短语:fromsoundwavestravelingthroughwater]|+--[介词短语:intoelectricalenergy]|+--[定语从句:thatpowersitsimagingandcommunicationsequipment]1.sonarn.声呐1.sonarn.声呐 2.chartv.绘制3.surfacen.表面 4.observationn.观察5.unsuitableadj.不适合的 6.mechanicaladj.机械的7.communicationsn.通讯 8.receivern.接收器9.prototypen.原型 10.enhancev.增强（三）（2024·湖南衡阳·模拟预测）Busystreets,loudnoises,andgreybuildingscanmakecitylifeexhaustingandboring.Findingasolutiontotheseissuesmightbepossiblebyturningtonature,whichcanhelpusfeelcalmandrefreshed.Addingvegetationorcolorfuldesignsmaymakecitiesmoreenjoyabletolivein.However,growingplantsorcoveringbuildingsinpainttotesttheseapproachesiscostlyandinconvenient.Moreover,studyingthesephenomenaoutdoorscanbetricky,asmanyfactorscanaffectthefinalresults.“Measuringpleasureandmotivationinnaturalsettingsisextremelyhard,”explainedProf.YvonneDelevoye.“Humanreactionsaresensitivetoenvironmentalchanges,suchasweatherortraffic.Consequently,weusedvirtualrealitytomeasurereactionstothesefactorsinavirtualurbanspace.”Thegroupusedvirtualrealitytomakeacitysettingthatfeltreal.Theymadetwoversions:onewithnovegetation,andanotherwithsomegreenvegetation.Theyalsointroducedcolorfulpatternsontoapath.Thentheyinvitedstudentstoparticipateinthestudy.WearingaVRheadsetandwalkingonthespot,thestudentsspenttimeexploringthevirtualenvironment.Tofindoutwherethevolunteerswerelookingandforhowlong,eachheadsetincludedaneyetracker.Theresearchersfoundthatthestudentswalkedmoreslowlywhentherewasgreenvegetationpresentintheexperiment,andtheirheartrateincreased.Theywouldspendlesstimelookingatthegroundandmoretimeobservingtheirsurroundings.Theseresultsindicateapleasurableexperience.Brightcolorpatternsalonedidnothavequitethesameupliftingeffectasthegreenvegetation,buttheyinspiredinterestandpassionofthestudentsandattractedtheirstarewhileincreasingtheirheartrate.Virtualrealitymightbeausefulresourceforurbanplanners,allowingthemtoexperimentwithdifferentelementsinavirtualenvironment.Inthefuture,theresearchersaimtoimprovetheVRexperiencetogetevenbetterandmorepreciseoutcomes.8．Whatwastheprimaryreasonforusingvirtualrealityinthestudy?A．Tocreateanentertaininggameforstudents.B．Todemonstratetheinconvenienceofurbanlife.C．Toprovethesuperiorityoftechnologyovernature.D．Tomeasurereactionswithoutenvironmentalinfluence.9．Howdidtheparticipantsinteractwiththevirtualenvironmentinthestudy?A．Bywalkingaroundarealcity.B．Bymakinguseofaneyetracker.C．Bywearingaheadsetandwalkingonsite.D．Byobservingthroughascreenwithoutmoving.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“uplifting”mostprobablymean?A．Powerful. B．Cheerful. C．Encouraging. D．Healing.11．Whatpotentialbenefitofvirtualrealityismentionedforurbanplanning?A．Reducingthecostsofurbandevelopmentsignificantly.B．Providingaplatformfortestingvariousurbanelements.C．Predictingfutureurbanchallengeswithpreciseresults.D．Helpingcitiesavoidusingrealvegetationinurbanspace.【答案速查】8．D9．C10．B11．B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项利用虚拟现实技术进行城市环境中自然元素和色彩设计对人们情绪的影响的研究。研究结果表明，绿色植被和明亮的色彩图案可以提高人们的情绪和兴趣。8．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Humanreactionsaresensitivetoenvironmentalchanges,suchasweatherortraffic.Consequently,weusedvirtualrealitytomeasurereactionstothesefactorsinavirtualurbanspace(人类的反应对环境变化很敏感，比如天气或交通。因此，我们使用虚拟现实来测量在虚拟城市空间中对这些因素的反应)”可知，研究中使用虚拟现实的主要原因是想要在不受环境因素影响的情况下测量人们的反应，故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“WearingaVRheadsetandwalkingonthespot,thestudentsspenttimeexploringthevirtualenvironment(学生们戴着VR头盔并且在原地走动，花时间探索虚拟环境)”可知，这说明参与者是通过戴头盔和在现场走动来与虚拟环境进行互动的，故选C。10．词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线词前文“Theresearchersfoundthatthestudentswalkedmoreslowlywhentherewasgreenvegetationpresentintheexperiment,andtheirheartrateincreased.Theywouldspendlesstimelookingatthegroundandmoretimeobservingtheirsurroundings.Theseresultsindicateapleasurableexperience(研究人员发现，当实验中有绿色植被时，学生们走得更慢，他们的心率也会增加。他们会花更少的时间观察地面，而花更多的时间观察周围的环境。这些结果表明这是一次愉快的经历)”可知，研究结果表明，环境当中的绿色植被让人们感到愉快。划线词所在句“Brightcolorpatternsalonedidnothavequitethesameupliftingeffectasthegreenvegetation,buttheyinspiredinterestandpassionofthestudentsandattractedtheirstarewhileincreasingtheirheartrate.(明亮的色彩图案本身并没有绿色植被那么uplifting的效果，但它们激发了学生们的兴趣和激情，吸引了他们的目光，同时增加了他们的心率。)”说明明亮的色彩图案本身并没有绿色植被那样的效果，由此可推知，划线词uplifting的含义为“使人愉快的”，与B项“Cheerful令人愉快的”含义相近，故选B。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Virtualrealitymightbeausefulresourceforurbanplanners,allowingthemtoexperimentwithdifferentelementsinavirtualenvironment(虚拟现实可能是城市规划者的有用资源，使他们在虚拟环境中尝试不同的元素)”可知，虚拟现实为城市规划提供了一个测试各种城市元素的平台，故选B。原句原句WearingaVRheadsetandwalkingonthespot,thestudentsspenttimeexploringthevirtualenvironment.译文学生们戴着VR头盔并且在原地走动，花时间探索虚拟环境。分析+--[主句:thestudentsspenttimeexploringthevirtualenvironment]|+--[方式状语:WearingaVRheadsetandwalkingonthespot]1.vegetationn.植被1.vegetationn.植被 2.approachn.方法3.inconvenientadj.不方便的 4.phenomenan.现象5.reactionn.反应 6.virtualrealityn.虚拟现实7.trackern.追踪器 8.patternn.图案9.urbanplannern.城市规划者 10.outcomen.结果（四）（2024·山西运城·二模）Theintroductionofartificialintelligence(AI)isasignificantpartofthedigitaltransformationbringingchallengesandchangestothejobdescriptionsamongmanagement.AstudyshowsthatintegratingAIsystemsintoserviceteamsincreasesdemandsonmiddlemanagementinthefinancialservicesfield.Interviewedinthestudywere25experiencedmanagersemployedbyaleadingScandinavianfinancialservicescompany.AIsystemshavebeenintenselyintegratedintothetasksandprocessesofthecompanyinrecentyears.TheresultsshowedthattheintegrationofAIsystemsintoserviceteamsisacomplexphenomenon,puttingnewdemandsontheworkofmiddlemanagementandrequiringabalancedactinthefaceofnewchallenges.“TheproductivityofworkgrowswhenroutinetasksarepassedontoAI.Ontheotherhand,thefastpaceofchangemakesworkmoredemanding,andtheintegrationofAImakesitnecessarytolearnnewthingsconstantly.Surprisingly,newkindsofroutineworkalsoincrease,becausetheoperationsofAIneedtobemonitoredandchecked,”saysAssistantProfessorJonnaKoponen.Accordingtotheresultsoftheresearch,thesocialfeaturesofmiddlemanagementalsochanged,becausetheAIsystemsusedatworkwereseeneitherastechnicaltoolsorcolleagues,dependingonthetypeofAIthatwasused.EspeciallywhenmoredevelopedtypesofAI,suchaschattingrobots,wereincludedintheAIsystems,theywereseenascolleagues.IntegratingAIalsoposesethical(道德上的)challenges,andmanagersdevotedmoreoftheirtimetoethicalconsiderations.Forexample,theywereconcernedaboutthefairnessofdecisionsmadebyAI.AspectsobservedinthestudyshowedthatmanagingserviceteamswithintegratedAIrequiresnewskillsandknowledgeofmiddlemanagement,suchastechnologicalunderstandingandskills,interactiveskillsandemotionalintelligence,problem-solvingskills,andtheabilitytomanageandadapttocontinuouschange.“AIsystemscannotyettakeoverallhumanmanagementinareassuchasthemotivationandinspirationofteammembers.Thisiswhyskillsininteractionandempathy(同理心)shouldbeemphasizedwhenselectingnewemployeesformanagerialpositionswhichemphasizethemanagementofteamsintegratedwithAI,”Koponensays.12．Whatdoesthestudyfind?A．AIbecomeslesspopularintheservicefield. B．AImakesdecisionsmorefairlythanhumans.C．AIproveshumanmanagementisunnecessary. D．AImakesmiddlemanagementmoredemanding.13．What’sJonnaKoponen’sattitudetointegratingAIsystemsintoserviceteams?A．Unmentioned. B．Opposed. C．Objective. D．Indifferent.14．WhichofthefollowingshowsJonnaKoponen’sopinion?A．AIcan’treplacehumanmangerscompletely. B．Fewmanagersintheservicefieldareneeded.C．EmployeesformanagerialpositionsdislikeAI. D．AIdevotesmoretimetoethicalconsiderations.15．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．TheintegrationofAIintoserviceteamsishard.B．AItakesoverhumanmanagementinmanyfields.C．AIandhumanmanagersareaperfectcombination.D．TheapplicationofAIinfluencesmiddlemanagement.【答案速查】12．D13．C14．A15．D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人工智能（AI）的引入对中层管理工作带来的挑战和变化，以及中层管理者需要具备的新技能和知识。12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“AstudyshowsthatintegratingAIsystemsintoserviceteamsincreasesdemandsonmiddlemanagementinthefinancialservicesfield.”（一项研究表明，将人工智能系统集成到服务团队中增加了金融服务领域对中层管理的需求）可推知，AI使中层管理更具挑战性。故选D。13．推理判断题。根据第四段“TheproductivityofworkgrowswhenroutinetasksarepassedontoAI.Ontheotherhand,thefastpaceofchangemakesworkmoredemanding,andtheintegrationofAImakesitnecessarytolearnnewthingsconstantly.Surprisingly,newkindsofroutineworkalsoincrease,becausetheoperationsofAIneedtobemonitoredandchecked,”saysAssistantProfessorJonnaKoponen.”（当日常任务传递给人工智能时，工作的生产力就会提高。另一方面，快速的变化使工作要求更高，而人工智能的集成使不断学习新事物成为必要。令人惊讶的是，新型的日常工作也在增加，因为人工智能的操作需要监控和检查，”助理教授JonnaKoponen说）可知，JonnaKoponen认为将人工智能系统运用到服务团队中有利有弊。由此可推断，JonnaKoponen的态度是“客观的”。故选C。14．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“AIsystemscannotyettakeoverallhumanmanagementinareassuchasthemotivationandinspirationofteammembers.”（AI系统还不能完全接管人类在激励和启发团队成员等方面的管理。）可知，JonnaKoponen认为AI不能完全替代人类管理者。故选A。15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Theintroductionofartificialintelligence(AI)isasignificantpartofthedigitaltransformationbringingchallengesandchangestothejobdescriptionsamongmanagement.AstudyshowsthatintegratingAIsystemsintoserviceteamsincreasesdemandsonmiddlemanagementinthefinancialservicesfield.”（人工智能（AI）的引入是数字化转型的重要组成部分，给管理层的工作描述带来了挑战和变化。一项研究表明，将人工智能系统集成到服务团队中增加了金融服务领域对中层管理的需求。）可知，本文主要介绍了将人工智能系统融合到金融服务业对中层管理产生的影响。故选D。原句原句AstudyshowsthatintegratingAIsystemsintoserviceteamsincreasesdemandsonmiddlemanagementinthefinancialservicesfield.译文一项研究表明，将人工智能系统集成到服务团队中增加了金融服务领域对中层管理的需求。分析+--[主句:Astudyshows]|+--[宾语从句:thatintegratingAIsystemsintoserviceteamsincreasesdemandsonmiddlemanagementinthefinancialservicesfield]|+--[主语:integratingAIsystemsintoserviceteams]|+--[谓语:increases]|+--[宾语:demands]|+--[宾语补足语:onmiddlemanagementinthefinancialservicesfield]1.productivityn.生产力1.productivityn.生产力 2.routinen.日常3.monitorv.监控 4.socialfeaturen.社会特征5.ethicaladj.道德上的 6.considerationn.考虑7.fairnessn.公平 8.technologicaladj.技术的9.emotionalintelligencen.情绪智力 10.combinationn.结合（五）（2024·安徽黄山·二模）Atfirstglance,itseemstobeDutchpainterJohannesVermeer’smasterpieceGirlwithaPearlEarring.16Wearingtwoglowingearrings,there’saslightlyinhumanshadeofredonthegirl’sface.Lookstrange?17Chosenfrom3,482submittedimagesbasedontheVermeermasterpiece,theAl-generatedworkwasdisplayedattheMauritshuisMuseumintheNetherlandsinMarch.ThedesignerlookedontheexperienceofliterallyreplacingthefamouspaintingbyoneofhisAIimagescrazyandcompletelysurreal.18ThoughMauritshuispressofficerBorisdeMunnickinsistedthatitwasanicepictureandacreativeprocess,manypeoplequestionedwhetheritcouldbecalledartandifitwasqualifiedtobeshowninthemuseumgallery.19ItwasregardedasadisrespectforthemasterpieceofVermeerandalsoforanyworkingartist.Infact,thisisnotthefirsttimethatpeoplehavedebatedAI’sroleincreativity.20ButthetechnologyhasnowbecomewidelyavailableforregulareverydayuseandthepracticeofusingAIimagegeneratorstomakearthasbecomemorecommon.A．Comingfromamuseum,it’sreallyembarrassing.B．However,theAIimageraisedafierceargument.C．Butlookmorecloselyandyoumayfindsomethingdifferentaboutit.D．OnecommonconcerniswhetherAI-generatedworksbreakcopyrightlaws.E．DutchartistIrisCompietdescribedtheimageondisplayasalmostFrankenstein-ish.F．It’sactuallyanimagemadebyBerlin-baseddesignerJulianvanDiekenusingartificialintelligence.G．TheemergenceofsuchAIworksisbelievedbymanytoweakentheenthusiasmofartistswithcreativeskills.【答案速查】16．C17．F18．B19．E20．G【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家JulianvanDieken应用人工智能创造画作并展览。16．由上文“Atfirstglance,itseemstobeDutchpainterJohannesVermeer’smasterpieceGirlwithaPearlEarring.(乍一看，这似乎是荷兰画家约翰内斯·维米尔的杰作《戴珍珠耳环的少女》)”可知，这里描述这幅画乍一看像名画，而C项Butlookmorecloselyandyoumayfindsomethingdifferentaboutit.(但仔细观察，你可能会发现一些不同之处。)符合语境，其中but表示和前文是转折关系，而后文也在解释somethingdifferent的不同之处，所以本句有承上启下作用。故选C项。17．由下文“Chosenfrom3,482submittedimagesbasedontheVermeermasterpiece,theAI-generatedworkwasdisplayedattheMaurit