2025年海船船员适任理论考试(轮机英语)历年参考题库含答案

2025年海船船员适任理论考试(轮机英语)历年参考题库含答案一、船舶主推进装置（MarineMainPropulsionPlant）1.单选题Themainreasonwhyalargetwostrokecrossheaddieselengineisfittedwithanexhaustvalverotateisto______.A.reducethethermalloadonthevalvespindleB.improvethescavengingefficiencyC.balancetheinertiaforcesoftherotatingpartsD.preventthevalvespindlefromstickingintheguide答案：D解析：排气阀旋转机构（valverotation）通过缓慢转动阀杆，使阀盘温度场均匀，防止阀杆在高温下因积碳或热变形而卡死在导管中。2.单选题InacamshaftlesselectronicallycontrolledMEengine,thefuelinjectiontimingisdeterminedby______.A.thecrankanglesensorandtheenginecontrolunitB.thegovernordroopsettingC.thefuelpumpleadD.theexhaustvalveopeningpressure答案：A解析：ME机型取消传统凸轮轴，喷油定时由曲轴角度传感器实时测量，经ECU计算后控制高压共轨电磁阀实现。3.单选题Duringadockingsurvey,thepropellerisfoundtohaveasmallcrackat0.4Ronthesuctionsideofoneblade.Accordingtomostclassificationsocieties,theacceptablelengthofthiscrackis______.A.notmorethan5mmB.notmorethan15mmC.notmorethan25mmD.anycrackisunacceptable答案：B解析：规范普遍规定，位于0.3R～0.7R区域、长度≤15mm的表浅裂纹允许打磨光顺后继续使用，但须无损检测确认无扩展。4.多选题Whichofthefollowingfactorswilldirectlyinfluencethecalculated“meaneffectivepressure”(MEP)ofadieselengine?A.enginebrakepowerB.compressionratioC.cylinderboreD.enginespeed答案：A、C、D解析：MEP=60000×P/(L×A×n×i)，其中P为制动功率，A为缸径面积，n为转速，L为冲程，i为缸数。压缩比改变指示功，但不直接出现在MEP公式中。5.判断题Inacontrollablepitchpropeller(CPP)system,theoildistributionboxisalwaysmountedontheforwardendofthesterntube.答案：错误解析：配油轴（ODbox）通常位于尾轴前端，但某些设计为维修便利将其置于机舱内，通过高压软管连接，因此“always”表述绝对化。6.简答题Explainwhyaturbochargedtwostrokeengineneedsauxiliaryblowerswhenrunningbelow30%load.答案：低速时废气能量不足，涡轮压比下降，扫气空气量低于燃烧所需，导致燃烧恶化、排温升高、碳烟增加。辅助鼓风机由电机驱动，补充扫气压力，保证低负荷时仍有足够过量空气系数，维持稳定燃烧并保护热力部件。7.翻译题将下列中文术语译成英文：(1)十字头轴承上瓦(2)活塞环搭口间隙(3)燃油凸轮“零”升程点答案：(1)upperhalfshellofcrossheadbearing(2)pistonringbuttclearance(3)fuelcamzeroliftpoint8.阅读理解Passage：ThelatestMANB&WGtypeengineintroducesthe“ultralongstroke”designwithastroketoboreratioupto4.5.Theincreasedstrokeallowslowerenginespeedforthesamepistonspeed,thusalargerpropellerdiametercanbeused,improvingpropulsiveefficiencyby4–6%.However,thelongstrokeraisespeakfiringpressure,requiringhigherstructuralstrengthandredesignedpistoncooling.Question：Whatistheprimarytradeoffoftheultralongstrokedesign?答案：Primarytradeoff:higherpeakfiringpressuredemandsstrongerenginestructureandenhancedpistoncooling,offsettingpartofthefuelsavingbenefit.二、船舶辅机与系统（MarineAuxiliaryMachinery&Systems）9.单选题Whenstartingathermaloiltypefluidheater,thefirstoperationshouldbe______.A.openingthefueloilsupplyvalveB.startingthethermaloilcirculationpumpC.prepurgingthecombustionchamberD.switchingonthesparkplug答案：B解析：导热油炉启动顺序：先启动循环泵建立油流，防止炉管干烧，随后进行预扫风、点火。10.单选题Inareverseosmosisseawaterdesalinationunit,thepHvalueoftheproductwaterisoftenslightlyacidicdueto______.A.CO₂dissolvingthroughthemembraneB.sulphuricaciddosingforscaleinhibitionC.theremovalofalkalineionsD.biologicalposttreatment答案：C解析：反渗透脱除大部分HCO₃⁻、CO₃²⁻等碱性离子，剩余CO₂溶于水形成碳酸，导致产水pH5.5–6.5。11.单选题Theautomaticbackwashingofaselfcleaningfueloilpurifierisinitiatedby______.A.adifferentialpressureswitchacrossthefilterB.atimerevery8hoursC.awatertransducerinthecleanoiloutletD.lossofbowlspeed答案：A解析：当分离筒内杂质积聚导致进出口压差升高至设定值（通常0.08–0.1MPa），压差开关触发排渣。12.多选题Whichofthefollowingalarmswillcausearefrigerationcompressortoshutdownimmediately?A.lowsuctionpressureB.highdischargepressureC.motoroverloadD.oilpressuredifferentialtoolow答案：B、C、D解析：低吸气压通常只报警不停机；高排气压、电机过载、油压差低均直接停压缩机保护。13.判断题Theaircondition’sreheatercoilislocatedafterthecoolingcoilintheairflowpathtopreventovercoolingofthesupplyair.答案：正确解析：再热盘管用于冷却除湿后适度升温，使送风温度满足舱室热负荷需求，避免“过冷”现象。14.计算题Acentrifugalpumpdelivers80m³/hoffreshwateragainst45mhead.Ifthepumpefficiencyis68%,calculatetheapproximatebrakepowerrequired.(ρ=1000kg/m³,g=9.81m/s²)答案：P=ρgQH/(3.6×10⁶×η)=1000×9.81×80×45/(3.6×10⁶×0.68)≈14.4kW15.简答题Statetworeasonswhythevacuuminafreshwatergeneratordropswhentheseawatertemperatureishigh.答案：(1)海水温度升高→喷射泵背压升高→抽真空能力下降；(2)蒸发温度升高→对应饱和蒸汽压升高→系统绝对压力上升，真空度降低。16.翻译题将句子译成英文：“分油机排渣间隔时间应根据燃油杂质含量及净化流量进行调整，最大不得超过制造商推荐值。”答案：Thedischargeintervalofthepurifiershallbeadjustedaccordingtotheimpuritylevelofthefueloilandthethroughput,andshallinnocaseexceedthemanufacturer’srecommendedmaximum.三、船舶电气与自动化（MarineElectrical&Automation）17.单选题Ina3phasesynchronousgenerator,themagnitudeoftheexcitationcurrentprimarilycontrols______.A.thefrequencyB.thephasesequenceC.theterminalvoltageD.theactivepower答案：C解析：励磁电流改变磁通，从而调节空载电势，并网后主要影响无功功率和端电压。18.单选题Whenahighresistanceearthfaultoccursinthe440Vmainswitchboard,thefirstindicationonthemimicpanelisusually______.A.generatorreversepoweralarmB.earthlampdimlyilluminatedC.overloadrelaytripD.undervoltagerelease答案：B解析：高阻接地使绝缘监测灯形成串联回路，灯微亮，指示接地相。19.单选题The“deadbus”interlockfunctionofageneratorcircuitbreakerprevents______.A.parallelingwhentheincomingsetisunderfrequencyB.closingthebreakerwhenthebusbarisliveandtheincomingvoltageiszeroC.closingthebreakerwhenbothbusbarandincomingvoltagesarepresentbutoutofphaseD.closingthebreakerwhenthebusbarisdeadandtheincominggeneratorvoltageisbuildingup答案：B解析：deadbus闭锁确保母线无电时才允许新机组合闸，防止非同步并列。20.多选题Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutvariablefrequencydrives(VFD)forcargopumpsarecorrect?A.Theyreduceinrushcurrentduringstartup.B.Theyallowpumpoperationatthebestefficiencypoint.C.Theyeliminatetheneedforamechanicalcargopumpreliefvalve.D.Theycanprovideregenerativebrakingtothemains.答案：A、B、D解析：VFD软启动限制启动电流；通过调速使泵在BEP运行；部分四象限变频器支持能量回馈；但管系仍需泄压阀作为机械保护。21.判断题ThePt100sensorusedforbearingtemperaturemonitoringhasapositivetemperaturecoefficientofapproximately0.385Ω/°C.答案：正确解析：Pt100在0°C时100Ω，温度系数≈0.385Ω/°C，符合IEC60751标准。22.计算题A220VDCmotortakes80Aandrotatesat1500rpm.Ifthearmatureresistanceis0.15Ω,calculatethebackEMF.答案：E_b=V−I_aR_a=220−80×0.15=220−12=208V23.简答题Explainwhytheinsulationresistanceofa6.6kVinductionmotormustbemeasuredwitha5kVmeggerinsteadofa500Vmegger.答案：高压绕组对地绝缘为多层结构，500V兆欧表测试电压不足以暴露潜在缺陷（如气隙、分层），5kV兆欧表接近工作电压，可真实反映绝缘强度，避免投运后击穿。24.翻译题将句子译成英文：“当主配电板汇流排绝缘电阻低于2MΩ时，应禁止并联运行，并立即排查故障回路。”答案：Whentheinsulationresistanceofthemainswitchboardbusbarisbelow2MΩ,paralleloperationshallbeprohibitedandthefaultycircuitshallbetracedandrectifiedimmediately.四、船舶防污染与法规（MarinePollutionPrevention&Regulations）25.单选题UnderMARPOLAnnexVI,thesulphurcontentofanyfueloilusedonboardshallnotexceed______inanEmissionControlArea(ECA)after1March2020.A.0.10%m/mB.0.50%m/mC.1.00%m/mD.1.50%m/m答案：A解析：2020年起全球限硫0.5%，但ECA仍维持0.1%不变。26.单选题TheOilRecordBookPartIshallbepreservedfor______afterthelastentry.A.oneyearB.twoyearsC.threeyearsD.fiveyears答案：C解析：MARPOLAnnexI第17条要求油类记录簿保存3年。27.单选题A15ppmbilgewaterseparatormustbefittedwithanautomaticstoppingdevicethatactivateswhentheoilcontentexceeds______.A.10ppmB.15ppmC.20ppmD.100ppm答案：B解析：15ppm报警并联锁停泵，防止超标排放。28.多选题Whichofthefollowingsubstancesarecategorizedas“noxiousliquidsubstances”(NLS)underMARPOLAnnexII?A.sulphuricacidB.palmoilC.methanolD.seawaterballast答案：A、C解析：棕榈油属Y类高黏度油脂，但归类为“油类”；海水压载非有害物质；硫酸、甲醇均属X或Y类NLS。29.判断题TheGarbageRecordBookisrequiredforallshipsof100grosstonnageandaboveengagedinvoyagestoportsunderotherPartiestoMARPOL.答案：错误解析：MARPOLAnnexV规定400总吨及以上船舶需垃圾记录簿，100–400总吨船舶仅需垃圾管理计划。30.简答题StatethethreeconditionsthatmustbesatisfiedbeforeashipmaydischargeuntreatedsewageintotheseaunderMARPOLAnnexIV.答案：(1)船舶在距最近陆地≥12nmile处；(2)船舶以≥4kn航速航行；(3)排放速率符合即时光谱法计算的最大允许速率。31.翻译题将句子译成英文：“生活污水处理装置投药记录应包括药剂名称、剂量、投药时间及责任人签字，并至少保存三年。”答案：Thechemicaldosingrecordofthesewagetreatmentplantshallincludethenameofthechemical,dosage,dosingtime,andsignatureoftheresponsibleperson,andshallbekeptforatleastthreeyears.32.案例分析AtankerloadedwithHFOgradeRMG380bunkered200toffuelwith0.47%sulphurinShanghai,thenenteredtheNorthSeaECA.Thechiefengineerchangedto0.08%sulphurdistillatefuelattheappropriatetime,butforgottologthechangeoverinthelogbook.DuringPSCinspection,theinspectorfoundthemissingentryandproposeddetention.Discussthelegalbasisandcorrectiveaction.答案：依据MARPOLAnnexVIReg.14.6，进入ECA前须完成换油并记录；缺失记录视为未遵守，PSC可采取滞留措施。纠正：立即补录换油时间、船位、燃油硫含量，提交书面程序修订报告，培训责任船员确保后续完整记录，滞留方可解除。五、轮机管理与安全（EngineeringManagement&Safety）33.单选题Duringenclosedspaceentry,theoxygencontentmustbeatleast______byvolumebeforeworkerscanremovebreathingapparatus.A.19%B.20%C.21%D.23%答案：B解析：IMOResolutionA.1050(27)规定≥20%方可不戴呼吸器，但需持续通风监测。34.单选题Thepurposeofthe“prestartsafetyloop”inamodernengineroomautomationsystemisto______.A.checkthegovernorresponseB.verifythatallprotectiveinterlocksaresatisfiedbeforeallowingstartC.testtheemergencystopD.simulateloadincrease答案：B解析：安全回路确认滑油压力、盘车机脱开、转向阀位置等全部正常，才允许启动。35.单选题WhichdocumentmustbecarriedonboardtoevidencecompliancewiththeISMCode?A.DOC(DocumentofCompliance)copyB.SMC(SafetyManagementCertificate)C.ISSC(InternationalShipSecurityCertificate)D.IOPPCertificate答案：B解析：SMC签发给船舶，DOC为公司持有，船舶需携带DOC副本。36.多选题ThefollowingactionsarerequiredafterafireintheengineroomhasbeenextinguishedbyCO₂floodingEXCEPT______.A.ventilatethespaceimmediatelytoremoveCO₂