高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语A 第2讲　利用外在线索,巧解七选五阅读

第2讲利用外在线索,巧解七选五阅读高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025技法1重视明显的语篇标志技法2利用标点符号目录索引0102技法1重视明显的语篇标志类型1

行文标志(1)关注小标题若是针对段落小标题设空,其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同。因此,考生做题时应观察其他段落标题的句式结构,然后根据结构相同的原则,缩小范围,选择短小精悍、多为名词词组、动词-ing形式的短语或祈使句作为小标题。[典例](2023全国甲卷)•

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Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself,“40.Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerable.”You’llthengraduallybecomemorepatient.

A.FindyourcausesB.StartwithsmalltasksC.Accepttheuncomfortable分析

本题考查对段落小标题的选择。根据下文“when

we

experience

something

outside

of

our

comfort

zone”可知,本段主要围绕如何在不舒服的情况下培养耐心展开。[自主解答]

C(2)留意主旨句七选五所选文章通常是“总—分(—总)”结构,偶尔是“总—分—分”结构,把握住这个规律后,在“总—分”结构的文章中,观察每一部分(段落)的结构,如果每一部分(段落)都有主旨句引领,这些主旨句往往句式相同,并且前面往往有实心圆点。如果设空处恰好处于段落主旨句的位置,则该处应为段落主旨句,然后根据本段内容做出选择。[典例](2024全国甲卷)

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Ahealthybreakfastcanstartyourmetabolism(新陈代谢),whileeatingsmall,healthymealskeepsyourenergyupallday.Avoideatinglateatnight.Trytoeatdinnerearlierandfastfor14-16hoursuntilbreakfastthenextmorning.Studiessuggestthateatingonlywhenyou’remostactiveandgivingyourdigestivesystemalongbreakeachdaymayhelptoregulateweight.

A.Eatproperlythroughouttheday.C.Don’tswallowamealonthewaytowork.E.Instead,surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.分析

本题考查对段落主旨句的选择。

[自主解答]

A(3)观察首段末尾处在“总—分”结构的文章中,首段的末尾句往往起到总起作用,引领下文。所选答案的语句通常为:“Followingistheadviceonhowto...”“Hereareafewtipsto...”“Thefollowingstepsmayhelpyou...”,而下文正是这些advice,tips,steps的具体内容。[典例](2020新高考Ⅱ卷)Talkingfreelywithyourdoctorcanmakeyoufeelbetterandgiveyourdoctortheinformationsheorheneedstogiveyouthebestcare.Don’tbeafraidorembarrassedtodiscusssomethingthatisbotheringyou.

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·Stay

positive.Gotoyourdoctor’sofficewithagoodattitude.37.Remember,yourdoctorandothercaregiversareonyourside.Thinkteamwork!Thinkpositive!

A.Thiswillmakegettinganswerseasier.B.Herearesometipsfortalkingwithyourdoctor.C.Youcantalktoanotherdoctorifthetreatmentsdon’twork.分析

本文主要讲述了与医生高效交流的几种方法——保持积极心态、跟踪记录个人感受、携带病历、提问题。和医生自由地交谈可使你感觉良好,并让医生了解你的信息,从而给你最好的治疗。不要因谈论困扰你的问题而感到害怕或尴尬,而下文是具体的做法,正确选项应该起到承上启下的作用。[自主解答]

B类型2

句式结构[典例](2023全国乙卷)Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.

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,butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.What’smore,indoorplantsareeasytolookafterandarenotveryexpensive.

A.AllplantsaredifferentB.Notonlydotheylookbeautiful分析

空格前一句提到室内植物在许多方面是家里的无名英雄,下文应对此做进一步解释,选项B“它们不仅看起来漂亮”符合语境,且与空后的but构成not

only...but

(also)...固定句型。[自主解答]

B类型3

语言标志语言标志指some...others...stillothers...(一些……一些……还有一些……)等。[典例](2016全国Ⅱ卷)Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).

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.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.

D.It’sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowersE.Stillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplants分析

由本段中的语言标志词Some...Others...可知应该选以Still

others开头的选项。[自主解答]

E技法2利用标点符号类型1

空后是逗号(1)当设空处后面是逗号,且后面的句子是由从属连词引导的状语从句时,则设空处为主句。[典例](2021全国乙卷)AccordingtoJessicaHagy,authorofHow

to

Be

Interesting,it’snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.

36

,ifyou’reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou’rewanderingintosomebody’shouseforthefirsttime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.

B.ThefirststepistogoexploringD.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost分析

根据空后的句子“if

you’re

out

of

your

comfort

zone

or

if

you’re

wandering

into

somebody’s

house

for

the

first

time”是由if引导的条件状语从句可知,此空应该填入一个主句;再由下文“be

adventurous,trying

different

foods

and

talking

to

strangers”可知,本段告诉读者在晚宴上要勇于尝试,故B项“第一步是去探索”符合语境。[自主解答]

B(2)当设空处后面是逗号,且后面的句子没有连词引导,则设空处多为状语从句。[典例](2021全国乙卷)Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?”,you’llbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou’retalkingto.

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,itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”Itjustopensupconversation.

C.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”E.Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay分析

根据空后的标点符号和标点符号后的句子可推知,此空应该填入一个从句;再根据“‘I

have

this

old,broken-down

vehicle’or‘I

rode

the

bus

with

these

crazy

people

who

were

laughing

at

silly

jokes

in

the

back.’”可知,空处内容与交通方式有关。故C选项符合语境。[自主解答]

C类型2

空后是句号当设空处后面是句号时,考生要根据段落主题和前后句之间的逻辑关系来解题。[典例](2021全国乙卷)Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou’refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment(赞扬).

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.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”

D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost分析

本段第一句为段落主题句,意为“如何应对另一个宴会杀手:尴尬的沉默?”,下文给出方法应对宴会杀手——尴尬的沉默的唯一方法就是赞扬主人,故G项“他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人”符合语境,与前面的句子构成前果后因的关系。[自主解答]

G类型3

空后是破折号当设空处后面是破折号时,考生要根据破折号后面的内容来确定答案,因为它是对前面内容的解释和说明。[典例](2016全国Ⅱ卷)•Recall(回忆)yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma’srosegardenandDad’svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat’snotwhat’simportant.

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—howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou’dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave.Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.

C.It’sourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersD.It’sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowers分析

根据空前的“but

that’s

not

what’s

important”可知,空处应讲重要的是什么;再根据破折号后面的内容“how

being

in

those

gardens

made

us

feel”可知,空处内容应该是对“我们”的关于花园的体验的解释,故C项“是我们关于花园的体验很重要”符合语境。[自主解答]

C类型4

空后是问号当设空处后面是问号时,考生要根据后面对这个问题的回答来确定设空处问的是什么。[典例](2021全国乙卷)

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?Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(讲台).Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay.

A.HowdoyouknowthehostF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon’tstoptalking分析

根据空后的标点符号可知,此空应该填入一个问句,选项中只有A项和F项是问句;再根据空后“If

you

can’t

take

their

wine

away”中的“wine”可知,F项中的“has

had

too

much

to

drink”与之属于同一范畴的表达,因此F项“对于喝多了或者不停说话的人该怎么办”符合语境。[自主解答]

F课堂应用Passage

1(2023新课标Ⅱ卷)Asanartistwhosharesherjourneyonsocialmedia,I’moftenaskedbycuriousfollowershowtobeginanartjourney.Unfortunately,thereisnomagiclistIcanoffer.Idoremember,though,whatitwasliketobeacompletebeginner.SoI’veputtogethersomegoodtipsforstartinganartjourney.•Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.

1

You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.

•Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.

2

•Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.

3

Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.Welcometotheclub;we’veallbeenthere.Ilovetakingonchallenges.Ioncetookupachallengetocreateapaintingeverydayforamonthandposttheworksonline.

•

4

Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反馈)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.

Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.

5

Pushthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.A.Getoutofyourcomfortzone.B.Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C.Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D.Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.E.You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F.Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.G.You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.答案与解析

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。作者针对如何开始艺术之旅,提出了四条有用的建议。1.C

本句是过渡句。根据上文“Start

small.I

suggest

using

a

sketchbook

(素描本)

for

small

studies.(从小事开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习。)”以及下文“You’ll

want

to

look

back

on

your

journey

to

see

how

far

you’ve

come.(你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅,看看自己已经取得多少进步。)”可知,空处应是一个过渡句,C项“Don’t

throw

away

your

beginner

art.”可承上启下。2.G

本句是总结句。根据本段主题句“Paint

often

and

paint

from

life.”中的often以及设空前一句“Whether

you

paint

still

lifes,portraits,or

landscapes,paint

from

life

as

much

as

possible.”中的as

much

as

possible可知,这与G项中的repetition相呼应。3.A

本句是细节句。根据本段第一句“Continually

challenge

yourself

to

try

something

new.”可知,A项“Get

out

of

your

comfort

zone.(跳出舒适区。)”与之相一致。4.D

本句是主题句。根据设空后的“Seeking

and

accepting

constructive

feedback(反馈)

is

crucial

to

growth.”可知,D项“Share

your

work

if

you

feel

comfortable

doing

so.(如果你感觉这么做舒服,你就分享你的作品。)”与空后的feedback相吻合。5.E

本句是细节句。根据本段第一句“The

journey

you’re

on

won’t

follow

a

straight

path.(你的艺术之旅不会一帆风顺。)”可知,E项“You’ll

hit

roadblocks,and

you’ll

feel

discouraged

at

times.(你会遇到路障,并且有时会感到气馁。)”可承接上文。Passage

2(2021八省联考)Apps(shortforapplications)arebecomingincreasinglypopularnowadays,andforgoodreason.Theycanhelpyououtinjustabouteveryareaofyourlife,whetherit’skeepingfit,communicatingwithfriends,orevenlearningalanguage.

6

Here’swhatyoushouldthinkaboutbeforedownloadinganappforlanguagelearning.

·Learn

from

diverse

sources(not

just

apps)Anyseasonedlanguagelearnerwilltellyouthatthebeautyofmasteringaforeignlanguageistheworldwhichitopensuptoyou.Thisisaworldofdiversesources(来源)ofinformation,fromnewspapersandbookstoTV,radio,musicandevenrealpeople.Wouldyoulimityourselftoonemediuminyournativelanguage?

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·Establish

your

purpose

and

plan

your

habitsDoyouwanttobefluentinweeksorareyouinitforthebraintraining?Thegoodappsaredesignedtohelpyoufityourstudiesaroundyourtimetable.

8

Theseappsencouragehabitbuilding,becausethesuccessfulformationofahabitensuresyoursafeandregularreturn.

·Make

it

social

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Imeansocialforreal.IowethespeedofprogressImadeinItaliantothesupportfromJim,mypartnerinstudytime.Findafriendtoaccompanyyou.Takeaneveningclass.Borrowabook.Buyabook.Bookaweekawayandattendalanguageschool.Justdon’tforgetyourphone!

IfImayspeaksincerely,thecombinationofapp,languageschool,Jim,eveningsout,andachoicebookort