河北省沧州市运东六校2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河北省沧州市运东六校2025-2026学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AUNESCO’sWorldHeritageListhasbeenupdatedfor2024,andEurope’snewestlistings,someofEurope’slesser-knownyetculturallysignificantsites,arewellworthexploring.ViaAppia,ItalyAlsoknownas“theQueenofroads”,this500-milestretchistheoldestRomanroad.ItconnectstheItaliancapitaltoSouthernItaly’sseaportsandspeedsthegrowthanddevelopmentofnewsettlementswhiledrivingagriculturalproductionandtrade.Journeyingupthisroadisatransportationthroughtime,withtheoriginalpavingstonesremindingusofItaly’soldtimes.SchwerinResidenceEnsemble(建筑群),GermanyApicture-perfectimageoftraditionalGermanarchitecturesurroundedbyLakeSchwerin,thisculturalensemblecomprises38ofSchwerin’smoststrikinglandscapesandarchitecture.ThearchitectureofSchwerincapturestheessenceof19th-centuryGermanywithitspublicgardensandculturalbuildingstiedtogetherbythegrandSchwerinCastle.TheFlowCountry,ScotlandInScotlandliesoneoftheworld’smostuntouchedblanketbog(沼泽)landscapes.Witharound500,000acresofbogpoolsandancientplants,TheFlowCountryisoneoftheworld’sbiggestcarbonstores,crucialinthefightagainstclimatechange.Onfootishowyoucanexperiencethedramaticviewsofthislesser-knownlandscapeanddiversewildlifespeciesclosely.MoravianChurchSettlements,GermanyandUKGracehillwasavillageinNorthernIrelandfoundedbytheMoraviansin1759.GuidedtoursofGracehillOldSchoolandtheMoravianChurchoffervisualinsightsintotraditional,Moravianarchitecture.InGermany,thelivingMoravianheritagecanbefeltinthemuseumsandchurchhallsofHerrnhut,thebirthplaceoftheMoravianChurch.1.WhatcanoneexpecttodofromthetravelalongViaAppia?A.Takeabustosouthernseaports. B.AdmiresomeGermanbuildings.C.ExperiencetheancientpastofItaly. D.HavealookatMoravianarchitecture.2.Whichsitecanonegotowatchthewildlife?A.ViaAppia. B.TheFlowCountry.C.SchwerinResidenceEnsemble. D.MoravianChurchSettlements.3.Whatdothefoursiteshaveincommon?A.Theyarelocatedinthesamecountry.B.Theyarenotmuchknowntotheoutside.C.Theyaremeantfornature-lovingtravelers.D.TheyhavelongbeenontheWorldHeritageList.【答案】1.C2.B3.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍2024年被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录的欧洲的四个景点，分别是意大利的亚壁古道、德国的施未林建筑群、苏格兰的弗罗湿地区，以及德国与英国的摩拉维亚居留区。【1题详析】细节理解题。由ViaAppia,Italy中“Journeyingupthisroadisatransportationthroughtime,withtheoriginalpavingstonesremindingusofItaly’soldtimes.(沿着这条路走是一种穿越时间的旅行，原来的铺路石让我们想起了意大利的旧时代。)”可知，意大利的亚壁石道是最古老的罗马时代的道路，走在这条路上会让人感觉时光倒流，能回顾意大利的历史。故选C项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据TheFlowCountry,Scotland中“Onfootishowyoucanexperiencethedramaticviewsofthislesser-knownlandscapeanddiversewildlifespeciesclosely.(步行是您如何近距离体验这片鲜为人知的景观和各种野生动物物种的壮丽景色。)”可知，在苏格兰的弗罗湿地区步行游览，人们可以近距离感受到野生生物。故选B项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“UNESCO’sWorldHeritageListhasbeenupdatedfor2024,andEurope’snewestlistings,someofEurope’slesser-knownyetculturallysignificantsites,arewellworthexploring.(联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》已于2024年更新，欧洲最新的名录，一些欧洲鲜为人知但具有文化意义的遗址，非常值得探索。)”可知，本文介绍的是欧洲四个在2024年被列入世界文化遗产名录的景点，它们都不太被外人所知。故选B项。BVisionaryarchitectsdesignbuildingswhichspeakforthemselves.Fromtoweringconcretepillarstosculpturalmodernistdomes(穹顶),theworkofBalkrishnaVithaldasDoshidefinedIndianarchitectureforthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury.KnownasB.V.Doshi,hewasaversatilemodernistarchitect—hedesignedeverythingfromaccessiblehousingprojectstotheIndianInstituteofManagementinBangalore.Sadly,thegreatarchitectdiedonJanuary24,2023,attheageof95,leavingbehindafascinatinglegacy.BornonAugust26,1927,inPune,southeastofMumbai,Doshigrewupwithhisfatherandgrandfather,afurnituremaker.Asachildhecametoappreciatehowtheirhousegrewandchanged.In1947,shortlybeforeIndianindependence,hebeganarchitectureschool.However,heneverfinished,afactwhichhe’dlaterpointtoinlifeasanadvantage.HemarriedhiswifeKamalaParikhin1955.Whenshepassedaway,Doshilivedinahousehedesignedandnamedforhisbelovedwife.DoshiwasinfluencedbythefamousSwiss-FrencharchitectknownasLeCorbusier.DoshistudiedwithhiminParisandthenreturnedtoIndiatosupervisethearchitect’sworkinAhmedabad.In1956,DoshifoundedhisownfirmcalledVastushilpa.Hetraveledtheworldlecturingatuniversities,workedwithotherfamousarchitects,andevenfoundedtheCenterforEnvironmentalPlanningandTechnology(nowCEPTUniversity)focusingonunderstanding,designing,planning,constructingandmanaginghumanhabitats.“Wedidnotwanttoimitatesomeoneelse’sapproach,”hetoldtheLouisianaMuseumofModernArtin2018.“Wewantedtofindourownidentity.”HedrewfromhisprideinIndianculturetocreateastyledistinctfromWesterndesigns.“Ithinkofmybuildingsasmyfriends,myfamily,”hesaid.“Ihaveaconversationwiththem,andthat’showIcreatenichesandstaircasesandopeningsandgardens…mybuildingsarenotonlypureandclearbutdesignedtoanticipatechanges.”Asidefromhismodernworks,Doshiwasdevotedtocreatingworkstobenefitthepoor.HedesignedtheAranyaLowCostHousingProjectinIndore.ThephotographerIwanBaan,whophotographedsomeofDoshi’sworks,describedtheartistas“themostapproachablearchitectIknow.Evenverypoorpeopleinhispublichousingprojectsknewhim,whichisexceptional.”4.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“versatile”inparagraph1?A.Well-rounded. B.Long-lived. C.Responsible. D.Popular.5.WhatdoweknowaboutDoshi’slife?A.Hehadamiserablechildhood.B.Heregrettedleavingschoolearly.C.Hemadeacontributiontohighereducationinarchitecture.D.HesetuphiscompanyundertheguidanceofLeCorbusier.6.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratebyquotingDoshi’swords?A.Doshi’signoranceofWesterndesigns. B.TheoriginalityofDoshi’sworks.C.TheuniquenessofIndianarchitecture. D.Doshi’sloveforarchitecturaldesign.7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.TopraisedDoshiforhiskindness.B.ToadvertiseDoshi’sarchitecturalphilosophy.C.TodescribethesourceofIndia’sarchitecture.D.TogiveabriefaccountofIndia’sgreatarchitectDoshi.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章简要介绍了印度现代主义建筑师B.V.Doshi的生平、职业生涯及其建筑理念，强调他融合印度文化与社会关怀的原创设计，以及他对建筑教育的贡献。【4题详析】词句猜测题。根据画线词后的“hedesignedeverythingfromaccessiblehousingprojectstotheIndianInstituteofManagementinBangalore(他设计的作品涵盖了从经济适用住房项目到班加罗尔印度管理学院的各类建筑)”可知，Doshi的设计范围广泛，涵盖不同领域，所以他是全能的现代主义建筑师。由此可知，画线词可与A项Well-rounded“全能的，全面的”互换。故选A项。【5题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Hetraveledtheworldlecturingatuniversities,workedwithotherfamousarchitects,andevenfoundedtheCenterforEnvironmentalPlanningandTechnology(nowCEPTUniversity)focusingonunderstanding,designing,planning,constructingandmanaginghumanhabitats.(他走遍全球在各大学讲学，与其他著名建筑师合作，还创立了环境规划与技术中心，现CEPT大学，致力于人类聚居地的研究、设计、规划、建造和管理。)”可知，Doshi创立了CEPT大学，致力于建筑与环境规划教育。由此可知，他对高等建筑教育做出了贡献。故选C项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中Doshi所说的话“Wedidnotwanttoimitatesomeoneelse’sapproach(我们不想模仿他人的方法)”、“Wewantedtofindourownidentity.(我们想要找到自己的身份。)”、“Ithinkofmybuildingsasmyfriends,myfamily(我将我的建筑视为挚友，视为家人)”和“Ihaveaconversationwiththem,andthat’showIcreatenichesandstaircasesandopeningsandgardens…mybuildingsarenotonlypureandclearbutdesignedtoanticipatechanges.(我与它们对话，就这样创造出壁龛、楼梯、空地和花园……我的建筑不仅纯粹明晰，更为变化而设计。)”可知，Doshi在言辞中强调了其建筑的独创性，他不去追随和模仿别人，而是追寻独创。因此，作者是想体现其作品的原创性。故选B项。【7题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Fromtoweringconcretepillarstosculpturalmodernistdomes(穹顶),theworkofBalkrishnaVithaldasDoshidefinedIndianarchitectureforthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury.(从高耸的混凝土柱到极具雕塑感的现代主义穹顶，BalkrishnaVithaldasDoshi的作品定义了20世纪下半叶的印度建筑。)”可知，文章围绕印度现代主义建筑师B.V.Doshi展开，介绍了其生平、职业生涯及其建筑理念。因此，文章的目的是简要介绍一下印度伟大的建筑师Doshi。故选D项。CAteamfromNewcastleUniversityandNorthumbriaUniversityintheUKhasfoundthatthethin,root-likethreadsproducedbymanyfungi(真菌)canpotentiallybeusedasabiodegradable,wearablematerialthat’salsoabletorepairitself.Intheirtests,theresearchersfocusedontheGanodermalucidumfungus,producingaskinfrombranchingthinthreads,whichtogetherweaveintoastructurecalledamycelium(菌丝体).Withalittlemorework,thefragileskinscouldserveasasubstituteforleather,satisfyingenvironmentalandfashiontastes.“Theresultssuggestthatmyceliummaterialscansurviveindryandunfavourableenvironments,andself-repairingispossiblewithminimalinterventionafteratwo-dayrecoveryperiod,”writetheresearchersintheirpublishedpaper.However,theprocessusedtoproducethesematerialstendstokilloffthefungalspores(孢子)thathelptheorganismregenerateitself.Anewapproachinvolvingamixofmycelia,proteins,andothernutrientsinaliquidencouragedthegrowthofaskin.Theresultsarecurrentlytoothinanddelicatetobeturnedintoajacket.However,theresearchersareconfidentthatit’spossiblethatfutureinnovationscouldturnitintoatougherskin,possiblybycombininglayersorplasticizinginglycerol.Crucially,theproductionprocessdidn’tkilloffthefungalspores.Testsonthematerialshowedthatitwasindeedabletoreplaceholesmadeinit.Thematerialwasasstrongasbefore,thoughitwasstillpossibletoseewheretheholeshadbeen.“Duetotheirfunctionalproperties,theabilityofthisregenerativemyceliummaterialtohealmicroandmacrodefectsopensinterestingfutureprospectsforuniqueproductapplicationsinleather-goodsreplacementssuchasfurniture,automotiveseals,andfashionwear,”writetheresearchers.There’salongwaytogoherebeforeyou’llbewearingclothesmadeoutoffungus.Thegrowingandhealingprocessestakeseveraldaystohappenatthemomentforexample,somethingwhichcouldbespedupovertime.8.Whatdidtheteamfindintheirtests?A.Analternativetofungalspores. B.Thinthreadsshapedlikeroots.C.Manydifferentfungi. D.Myceliummaterialswithself-healingfunction.9.WhatismainlypresentedinParagraph3?A.Therecoveryperiodoffungalspores.B.Crisesofmyceliummaterials’survival.C.Imperfectioninproducingmyceliummaterials.D.Themethodofinterveningorganisms’regeneration.10.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewapproach?A.Itspeedsupthecreationofmycelia. B.Itkeepsfungalsporesfromdestruction.C.Itmakestheholesinmaterialsinvisible. D.Itcombinestheliquidwithlayersofskin.11.Whatistheprospectofmycelium-basedmaterials?A.Aflashinthepan. B.Promisingbutchallenging.C.Inspiringbutunachievable. D.Agrowthanddeclinecycle.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章讨论了一种由菌丝体制成的新型生物可降解材料，这种材料具有自我修复的能力，可能成为皮革的替代品，满足环保和时尚的需求。文章介绍了研究团队的发现、实验过程、目前面临的挑战以及未来应用的前景。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“AteamfromNewcastleUniversityandNorthumbriaUniversityintheUKhasfoundthatthethin,root-likethreadsproducedbymanyfungi(真菌)canpotentiallybeusedasabiodegradable,wearablematerialthat’salsoabletorepairitself.（英国纽卡斯尔大学和诺森比亚大学的一个团队发现，许多真菌产生的细如根的线，有可能被用作一种可生物降解的、可穿戴的材料，而且还能自我修复。）”可知，研究小组在他们的测试中发现了一种具有自我修复功能的菌丝材料。故选D项。【9题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段““Theresultssuggestthatmyceliummaterialscansurviveindryandunfavourableenvironments,andself-repairingispossiblewithminimalinterventionafteratwo-dayrecoveryperiod,”writetheresearchersintheirpublishedpaper.However,theprocessusedtoproducethesematerialstendstokilloffthefungalspores(孢子)thathelptheorganismregenerateitself.（研究人员在他们发表的论文中写道：“研究结果表明，菌丝材料可以在干燥和不利的环境中生存，并且在两天的恢复周期后，通过最小程度的干预实现自我修复是可能的。”然而，用于生产这些材料的过程往往会杀死帮助生物体自我再生的真菌孢子。）”可知，第三段主要讲述了生产菌丝材料的过程中存在的问题。故选C项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Crucially,theproductionprocessdidn’tkilloffthefungalspores.（至关重要的是，生产过程并没有杀死真菌孢子。）”可知，新工艺不会破坏真菌孢子。故选B项。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“There’salongwaytogoherebeforeyou’llbewearingclothesmadeoutoffungus.（在你穿上用真菌做的衣服之前，还有很长的路要走。）”可知，用菌丝制作衣服还有很长的路要走，也就是说菌丝材料的前景是充满希望的，但也具有挑战性。故选B项。DChinesescientistshaveidentifiedanewproteinthatrestrictsHIVinfection,adiscoverythatcouldpavethewayforthedevelopmentofnewdrugsagainstthevirus.Theprotein,P-selectinglycoproteinligand1(PSGL-1),whichexistsinhumancells,caninhibit(抑制)theprocessbywhichHIVreproduces,accordingtoresearchpublishedinthesciencejournalNatureMicrobiologythismonth.However,thestudyalsoshowedthatPSGL-1canbenegativelyaffectedbyVpu—anaccessory(附属)proteinofHIV—whichcanneutralizetheabilityofPSGL-1toresistHIV.FurtherresearchisunderwaytodevelopadrugthatcaninhibittheHIVproteinsothatPSGL-1canrestrictHIV,accordingtoTanXu,aresearcheratTsinghuaUniversity'sSchoolofPharmaceuticalSciences,aleadingauthorofthestudy.SeveralotherproteinsinhumancellsthatcouldresistHIVhavebeendiscoveredoverthepast10years,buttheviruscanalsoevade(避开)them.PSGL-1showsparticularpromiseinthatitcaninhibitHIVinmultipleways—especiallybyblockingtheinfectiousnessofvirusoffspring,Tansaid.“Wearestartingtoresearchintosmallmolecule(分子)compoundsinthehopeoffindingonethatcanrestorePSGL-1’santi-HIVfunction.Inthisway,wecandevelopaveryeffectiveantiviraldrugforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,”hesaid.Tansaiditwillrequireatleastthreetofiveyearsfortheresearchtoreachthepreclinicalstage,andmoretimeafterthatbeforeaclinicaltrialispossible.TheresearchwasconductedbyresearchersatTsinghuaUniversityinBeijing,FudanUniversityinShanghaiandGeorgeMasonUniversityintheUnitedStates.ExistingtreatmentmethodsforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,whichmostlyrelyonacombinationofdifferentdrugs,canpreventthediseasefromprogressingbutcannotcureit,andlong-termuseofdrugscanresultindrugresistance.Anestimated37millionpeopleintheworldlivewithHIV,accordingtotheJointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS.Thestudyprovidesnewleadstodevelopingantiviraldrugs,TsinghuaUniversitysaidinastatement.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutPSGL-1fromthepassage?A.BoththeproteinPSGL-1andtheproteinVpuareHIVproteins.B.PSGL-1canrestrictthefunctionoftheproteinVpu.C.PSGL-1’smoleculecompoundshavebeenidentified.D.TheproteinPSGL-1functionsbetterthanothersinresistingHIV.13.Whatcanweinferfromthelastthreeparagraphs?A.TheexistingtreatmentforAIDSarefarfromperfect.B.Itwillbeadecadebeforetheantiviraldrugsisputonthemarket.C.Americanscientistsplayedaleadingroleintheresearch.D.HIV/AIDSwillnolongerbeadeadlyproblemowingtothenewdiscovery.14.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThereisalongwaytogobeforecuringAIDS.B.MorepeoplearefacedwiththethreatofHIV.C.ChinesescientistsareleadingthewayincuringAIDS.D.AnewproteintoresistHIVwasconfirmedbyscientists.15.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Aguidebook. B.Afiction. C.Amagazine. D.Abrochure.【答案】12.D13.A14.D15.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。中国科学家新发现了一种可以抑制艾滋病病毒感染的蛋白质，这可能为研发抗艾滋病病毒的新药品开辟路径。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“SeveralotherproteinsinhumancellsthatcouldresistHIVhavebeendiscoveredoverthepast10years,buttheviruscanalsoevade(避开)them.PSGL-1showsparticularpromiseinthatitcaninhibitHIVinmultipleways—especiallybyblockingtheinfectiousnessofvirusoffspring,Tansaid.(在过去的10年里，人们在人类细胞中发现了其他几种可以抵抗艾滋病毒的蛋白质，但病毒也可以避开它们。Tan说，PSGL-1表现出特别的希望，因为它可以通过多种方式抑制艾滋病毒，尤其是通过阻断病毒后代的传染性。)”可知，过去的10年里人们在人类细胞中发现了其他几种可以抵抗艾滋病毒的蛋白质，但病毒也可以避开它们，而PSGL-1具有多种抗艾滋病病毒功能，展现良好的前景——尤其能抑制新生病毒的传染性；由此可知，PSGL-1蛋白在抵抗艾滋病病毒方面比其他蛋白功能更好。故选D。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“ExistingtreatmentmethodsforpeoplewithHIV/AIDS,whichmostlyrelyonacombinationofdifferentdrugs,canpreventthediseasefromprogressingbutcannotcureit,andlong-termuseofdrugscanresultindrugresistance.(针对艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的现有治疗方法主要依赖于不同药物的组合，可以阻止疾病的发展，但不能治愈它，长期使用药物可能导致耐药性)”可知，目前艾滋病的治疗方式是多种药物的结合，往往治标不治本，长期使用还会让人产生抗药性，远远称不上完美。故选A。【14题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一句中“ChinesescientistshaveidentifiedanewproteinthatrestrictsHIVinfection,adiscoverythatcouldpavethewayforthedevelopmentofnewdrugsagainstthevirus.(中国科学家发现了一种限制艾滋病毒感染的新蛋白质，这一发现可能为开发抗艾滋病毒的新药铺平道路)”和下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了科学家证实了一种新的抗艾滋病病毒的蛋白质。故选D。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Theprotein,P-selectinglycoproteinligand1(PSGL-1),whichexistsinhumancells,caninhibit(抑制)theprocessbywhichHIVreproduces,accordingtoresearchpublishedinthesciencejournalNatureMicrobiologythismonth.(本月发表在科学杂志《自然微生物学》（NatureMicrobiology）上的一项研究表明，存在于人类细胞中的p-选择素糖蛋白配体1（PSGL-1）可以抑制艾滋病病毒（HIV）的繁殖过程。)”以及下文内容可知，本文主要讲述中国科学家发现的一种新的抗艾滋病病毒的蛋白质，以及其后续的研究和影响；因此，本文最有可能来自科学杂志。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Acompany’scultureislikeanecosysteminvolvingacomplexnetwork,whichincludesemployees,andthetechnology,systems,etcwithwhichweneedtowork.Justlikethat,wehavevariationsofindividual’spersonalities,asbusinessculturecanvaryfromcompanytocompany.___16___Culturalfitisbasicallyjustaboutpairingpeoplewithbusinessculture.Aculturallyfittingemployeeissomeonewhofitssmoothlywithinthecompany’sorganizationalculture:thevaluesystems,leadershipstructure,andpracticesofanorganization.Everything,fromthewayanemployeeinteractstotheircommunicationbehaviorsallshapethecultureofanorganization.___17___Thisisthereasonwhytheconceptofculturalfitissowidespreadtoday.Thehistoryofculturalfitgoesbacktothe1980s.Accordingtothearticle,GuessWhoDoesn’tFitInatWorkbyresearcherLaurenRivera,“Theoriginalideawasthatifcompanieshiredindividualswhosepersonalitiesandvalues(andnotjusttheirskills)wereinlinewithanorganization’sstrategy,workerswouldfeelmoreattachedtotheirjobs,workharderandstaylonger.”___18___Withtheevolvingresearchonthistopicinacademia,companiesalsohavebeguntodrawtheirowninterpretationsandstylesofhiring.___19___Asanemployer,youwouldwanttohiresomeonewhosharesthecompany’sgoals,andpriorities.Therefore,thestakes(风险)offindingaculturalfitareprettyhigh.Ifacompanydoesn’thaveagreatculturalfitwithitsemployees,itwilllikelyhavetroublewithleadershipanddisagreementswithintheorganizationaboutitsvalues.___20___A.Ofcourse,culturalfitisnotabsolutebutrelative.B.Itmaybreakanorganization’sefficiency,atitsworst.C.Culturalfitisbeneficialforbothemployeesandemployers.D.Manyfirmsfeltastrongconnectionwiththeideasinthisarticle.E.Animmoralpersoncanuntiewhatkeepenterprisecultureunited.F.Thatiswhysomepeoplefitintooneparticularworkingenvironment.G.In2007,acollectionofstudiesonculturalfitintheworkplacecameout.【答案】16.F17.E18.G19.C20.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要章介绍了公司文化作为包含员工、技术等要素的复杂生态系统，阐述了文化契合的概念内涵、历史起源、学术发展及其对员工行为适配性与组织稳定性的重要影响。【16题详析】上文“Acompany’scultureislikeanecosysteminvolvingacomplexnetwork,whichincludesemployees,andthetechnology,systems,etcwithwhichweneedtowork.Justlikethat,wehavevariationsofindividual’spersonalities,asbusinessculturecanvaryfromcompanytocompany.(一家公司的文化就像一个生态系统，涉及一个复杂的网络，其中包括员工，以及我们需要使用的技术、系统等。就像这样，我们的个性也各不相同，因为企业文化可能因公司而异。)”提到公司文化像生态系统，且公司与公司之间的商业文化存在差异，就如同个人性格也有差异。F选项“Thatiswhysomepeoplefitintooneparticularworkingenvironment.(这就是为什么有些人适合某一个特定的工作环境。)”中Thatiswhy承接上文公司文化和个人性格的差异，解释了因为这种差异所以有些人能适应特定工作环境，即文化契合的情况，与下文“Culturalfitisbasicallyjustaboutpairingpeoplewithbusinessculture.(文化契合基本上就是将人与商业文化相匹配。)”衔接自然，符合语境。故选F。【17题详析】上文“Aculturallyfittingemployeeissomeonewhofitssmoothlywithinthecompany’sorganizationalculture:thevaluesystems,leadershipstructure,andpracticesofanorganization.Everything,fromthewayanemployeeinteractstotheircommunicationbehaviorsallshapethecultureofanorganization.(文化契合型员工是指能够顺利融入公司组织文化的人：组织的价值体系、领导结构和实践。从员工的互动方式到他们的沟通行为，一切都塑造了组织的文化。)”阐述了文化契合的员工在公司组织文化中的表现，以及员工的行为对组织文化的塑造作用。E选项“Animmoralpersoncanuntiewhatkeepenterprisecultureunited.(一个不道德的人可以破坏维系企业文化统一的因素。)”中不道德的人可理解为与公司文化相悖的人，E选项从反面说明了如果员工不契合公司文化，会对企业文化产生不良影响，与下文“Thisisthereasonwhytheconceptofculturalfitissowidespreadtoday.(这就是为什么文化契合的概念如今如此广泛传播。)”形成因果关系，解释了为什么文化契合重要，符合逻辑。故选E。【18题详析】上文“Thehistoryofculturalfitgoesbacktothe1980s.(文化契合的历史可以追溯到20世纪80年代。)”讲述了文化契合的概念可追溯到20世纪80年代，以及下文“Withtheevolvingresearchonthistopicinacademia,companiesalsohavebeguntodrawtheirowninterpretationsandstylesofhiring.(随着学术界对这一主题的研究不断深入，公司也开始得出自己的解释和招聘方式。)”提到随着学术界对该主题研究的发展，公司在招聘方面也有了变化。G选项“In2007,acollectionofstudiesonculturalfitintheworkplacecameout.(2007年，一系列关于职场文化契合的研究问世。)”中的时间“2007年”体现了研究的发展进程，在时间上承接前文的20世纪80年代，同时引出下文随着研究发展公司的变化，起到了承上启下的作用，符合题意。故选G。【19题详析】下文“Asanemployer,youwouldwanttohiresomeonewhosharesthecompany’sgoals,andpriorities.Therefore,thestakes(风险)offindingaculturalfitareprettyhigh.Ifacompanydoesn’thaveagreatculturalfitwithitsemployees,itwilllikelyhavetroublewithleadershipanddisagreementswithintheorganizationaboutitsvalues.(作为雇主，你会想雇佣一个与公司目标和优先事项有共同点的人。因此，寻找文化契合度的风险相当高。如果一家公司与员工没有很好的文化契合度，它可能会在领导层和组织内部对其价值观的分歧上遇到麻烦。)”提到作为雇主希望雇佣与公司目标和重点一致的人，说明文化契合对雇主有好处，且提到如果公司和员工文化不契合会有问题，从反面说明了文化契合的重要性。C选项“Culturalfitisbeneficialforbothemployeesandemployers.(文化契合对员工和雇主都有益。)”统领下文，既引出对雇主的好处，也为下文介绍文化不契合的坏处做铺垫，符合语境。故选C。【20题详析】上文“Ifacompanydoesn’thaveagreatculturalfitwithitsemployees,itwilllikelyhavetroublewithleadershipanddisagreementswithintheorganizationaboutitsvalues.(如果一家公司与员工没有很好的文化契合度，它可能会在领导层和组织内部对其价值观的分歧上遇到麻烦。)”说明如果公司和员工文化不契合，在领导和组织价值观方面可能会有问题。B选项“Itmaybreakanorganization’sefficiency,atitsworst.(最糟糕的情况下，它可能会破坏一个组织的效率。)”进一步阐述了文化不契合可能带来的更严重后果，即破坏组织效率，是对前文的进一步补充说明，符合题意。故选B。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenIstartedmyPh.D.,Iknewmyworkwasproducingmuchwaste,butItookitforgranted.Thatall____21____onedaywhenIsawplasticwastepiledagainstthewall.Iwenttomyadviseranddecidedtocreate3D-printedlab____22____outofourwaste.Buttheprocessofmakingthesetoolsdidn’tgosmoothly.Aftermonthsof____23____,Ifeltworriedaboutmydream.Itwasa____24____whenmycolleagueswereeagertojoinus.Wecreatedagroupdevotedto___25___othergreenerways.Webeganmeetingeverymonthtodiscusssome____26____.Weintroducednewrecyclingbinstoeachlabafterlearningthatsomewastecouldberecycledifitwassorted____27____.Andwealsotrackedtheenergyconsumptionoflabequipment.Bydoingthese,wecouldcreate____28____onhowtouseeachdevice.Ourmostenergy-hungrydevicesweretheultra-low-temperaturefreezers,whichcausedmuchtrouble.So,westartedto____29____it,askinglabstoremovesamplesthatwerenot____30____anymoreandmakethemostoftheremainingones.Throughthose____31____,wemanagedtoincreasethetemperatureofseveralfreezersafterrealizingsomesamplesdidn’thavetobestoredso____32____.I’mstilldisappointedthatIcouldn’t____33____my3D-printingdream,andI’mdeterminedenoughtokeeptrying.I’vealsolearnedthatifone____34____isn’tworking,sometimesit’sbesttotakeastepbackandlookforothersolutions.I’m____35____thatwithmycolleagues’help,wewereabletodothat.21.A.mattered B.changed C.happened D.worked22.A.tests B.buildings C.machines D.tools23.A.struggling B.dreaming C.delaying D.preparing24.A.lesson B.relief C.signal D.point25.A.searchingfor B.settlingfor C.headingfor D.longingfor26.A.solutions B.topics C.articles D.techniques27.A.randomly B.accidentally C.appropriately D.suddenly28.A.pictures B.instructions C.patterns D.details29.A.advocate B.protect C.adopt D.challenge30.A.issued B.licensed C.needed D.involved31.A.occasions B.efforts C.experiments D.manners32.A.deep B.secret C.cold D.high33.A.discuss B.practice C.realize D.pursue34.A.position B.power C.direction D.approach35.A.grateful B.anxious C.hopeful D.curious【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.B25.A26.A27.C28.B29.D30.C31.B32.C33.C34.D35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在攻读博士学位时意识到了实验室严重的废物问题，开始尝试用废物进行3D打印，但遇到挑战。在同事的帮助下，他们探索了其他环保措施，如回收和节能。尽管3D打印项目未成功，作者学会了寻找替代方案，并对同事的参与表示感激。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，当我看到塑料垃圾堆积在墙边时，一切都改变了。A.mattered有关系；B.changed改变；C.happened发生；D.worked奏效。根据下文“Iwenttomyadviseranddecidedtocreate3D-printedlaboutofourwaste.”可知，作者决定用实验产生的废物制作东西，因此是意识到废物问题的严重性了，情况发生了改变。故选B项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我去找我的导师，决定用我们的废物制作3D打印的实验室工具。A.tests测试；B.buildings建筑；C.machines机器；D.tools工具。根据下文“Buttheprocessofmakingthesetoolsdidn’tgosmoothly.”可知，是用废物制作3D打印的实验室工具。故选D项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过几个月的挣扎，我开始担心我的梦想。A.struggling挣扎；B.dreaming梦想；C.delaying延迟；D.preparing准备。根据上文“Buttheprocessofmakingthesetoolsdidn’tgosmoothly.”可知，过程进展并不顺利，因此是经过几个月的挣扎。故选A项。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我的同事们都渴望加入我们时，我松了一口气。A.lesson教训；B.relief解脱；C.signal信号；D.point点。根据后文“whenmycolleagueswereeagertojoinus.”可知，同事们想加入作者的项目中，应是让作者松了一口气。故选B项。【25题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们成立了一个小组，致力于寻找其他更环保的方式。A.searchingfor寻找；B.settlingfor满足于；C.headingfor前往；D.longingfor渴望。根据下文“Weintroducednewrecyclingbinstoeachlabafterlearningthatsomewastecouldberecycledifitwassorted.Andwealsotrackedtheenergyconsumptionoflabequipment.”可知，他们引入了新的回收箱，追踪了实验室设备的能耗，因此是致力于寻找其他更环保的方式。故选A项。【26题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们开始每个月开会讨论一些解决方案。A.solutions解决方案；B.topics话题；C.articles文章；D.techniques技术。根据下文“sometimesit’sbesttotakeastepbackandlookforothersolutions.”可知，他们开会讨论一些解决方案。故选A项。【27题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在了解到一些垃圾如果分类得当可以回收后，我们为每个实验室引入了新的回收垃圾箱。A.randomly随机地；B.accidentally意外地；C.appropriately适当地；D.suddenly突然地。根据上文“somewastecouldberecycled”可推知，一些垃圾如果分类得当就可以回收。故选C项。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，我们可以创建如何使用每个设备的说明。A.pictures图片；B.instructions说明；C.patterns模式；D.details细节。根据上文“Andwealsotrackedtheenergyconsumptionoflabequipment.”可知，他们追踪了实验室设备的能耗，再结合下文“onhowtouseeachdevice”可推知，应该是根据能耗情况创建如何使用每个设备的说明，从而实现节能的目的。故选B项。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，我们开始挑战它，要求实验室去除不再需要的样本，并充分利用剩余的样本。A.advocate支持；B.protect保护；C.adopt采用；D.challenge挑战。根据上文“Ourmostenergy-hungrydevicesweretheultra-low-temperaturefreezers,whichcausedmuchtrouble.”可知，在实验室中，