三年（2023-2025）甘肃中考英语真题分类汇编专题05 阅读理解之说明文（原卷版）

专题05阅读理解之说明文年份地区体裁/字数主题内容25年甘肃说明文/204本文介绍了人工智能的工作原理25年兰州说明文/302本文主要介绍了三种桥梁类型（斜拉桥、开启桥和拱桥）及其代表建筑24年甘肃说明文/164文章介绍了一项物品升级改造竞赛。通过回收利用或升级改造可以帮助我们保护地球环境。24年兰州说明文/236本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了什么是智能家居，23年甘肃说明文/200本文主要介绍了钢笔和铅笔的发展历史。23年兰州记叙文/214本文主要介绍风能发电的优势和劣势。25年中考真题+模拟试题（25·甘肃中考真题）LearningaboutAI▲AIworksbyusingalgorithms(算法),orstep-by-stepinstructions,tohelpcomputersunderstandandworkwithinformation.Forexample,ifyouwantedtoteachacomputertoknowdifferenttypesoffruits,youwouldgiveitalotofpicturesoffruitsandtellitwhichonesareapples,bananas,andsoon.Thecomputerwouldthenusethisinformationtofindoutwhatnewfruitsare.Thisprocessiscalled“machinelearning”.WhatcanAIbeusedfor?AIisalreadybeingusedinmanydifferentareas.Forexample,AIcanbeusedto:●diagnoseandtreatdiseases;●driveself-drivingcars;●recommendmoviesandTVshowsaccordingtoyourviewinghistory;●helpteachersgivemarkstopapers.TheFutureofAIInthefuture,AImaycompletelychangemanypartsofourlivesandhelpussolvesomeoftheworld’sbiggestproblems.However,it’salsoimportanttorememberthatAIisjustatool,andit’suptoustodecidehowweuseit.Withresponsibleandethical(合乎道德的)use,AIcanmaketheworldabetterplaceforeveryone!PS:ThecopyaboveiscreatedbyAI!阅读以上材料，回答下列各小题。41.Whichofthefollowingcanbeputin▲?A.WhenwasAIinvented? B.HowdoesAIwork?C.WhyisAIimportant? D.WhousesAIthemost?42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diagnose”probablymean?A.Spread. B.Cause. C.Recognize. D.Make.43.HowdoesAIrecommendmoviesandTVshows?A.Byguessingfreely. B.Byusingyourviewinghistory.C.Byaskingyourfriends. D.Bycreatingnewmovies.44.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AIisn’tatoolanditcandecidehowpeopleuseit.B.AIcanmakeabetterworldifweuseitcorrectly.C.It’simpossibleforAItosolvethebiggestquestions.D.AIcannothelpteacherstomarkthepapers.45.Whowrotethepassage?A.Aworker. B.Anengineer. C.Awriter. D.AI.（25·甘肃兰州中考真题）Everybridgeisasymbolofthetimes.Mostofthemlooksimilar,buttherearegreatdifferencesinthewaytheyarebuilt.Let’slearnaboutbridgesaroundtheworld.Cable-stayedbridgeTheHong-Kong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridge(HZMB)isthelongestsea-crossingbridgeandakindofcable-stayedbridge.Itwasopenedin2018.Theconstruction(建造)oftheHZMBrequirescutting-edgetechnologyandcarefulplanning.Itsopeningprovesthathumansaremakingmiracles(奇迹)withgreateffortandwisdom.DrawbridgeLondonTowerBridgehasbeenstandingovertheRiverThamessince1894.Thebridgeisknownforitsbascule(桥梁板),andthispartcanberaisedtoallowtallshipstopassthrough.Fromthetopofthebridge,youcouldenjoythebeautifulviewsoftheRiverThames.ArchbridgeOneoftheoldestarch(拱)bridgesisZhaozhouBridgeinHebeiProvince.ItwasbuiltbyLiChunofSuiDynastyabout1,400yearsago.Therearetwosmallarchesateachsideofthebigarch.Usually,theriverrunsthroughthebigarch.Whenthereisaflood(洪水),therivercanalsorunthroughthefoursmallones.Sotodaythebridgeisstillinuse.Archesplayanimportantpartinbridges.Theyareusedforspreadingtheweighttheyarecarryingout.Whynotmakeyourownmodelarch?Youjustneedsomepaperandapairofscissors.Steps:①Cutoutonelargeshapeandsixsmallshapes.②Layoutallofthepaperpieceslikethis.Makesurethelargepiecewillbeputinthecentralplaceofthisarchasitholdsthewholearchtogether.Tryit,testitandmakeitbetter!21.Howmanykindsofbridgesarementionedinthetext?A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cutting-edge”meaninparagraph2?A.High. B.Low. C.Simple. D.Old.23.HowlonghasLondonTowerBridgebeenstandingovertheRiverThames?A.Over1,400years. B.Over100years.C.Lessthan100years. D.Lessthan7years.24.Howdoesthewriterendthetext?A.Bytellingastory. B.Bylistingnumbers.C.Bymakingamodelarch. D.Byintroducingsomebridges.25.Whatisthemainpurposeofwritingthistext?A.Totellreadersthehistoryofbridges. B.Toshowreaderstheviewsonbridges.C.Toadvisereaderstoenjoyandvisit. D.Toencouragereaderstoknowandpractise.（25·甘肃酒泉市一模试题）TheHexiCorridor(河西走廊),a1,000-kilometer-longhistoricaltraderouteinGansuProvince,stretchesbetweentheQilianMountainsandtheHeiheRiver.Knownasthe“GoldenSectionoftheSilkRoad,”itonceconnectedancientChinatoCentralAsia.However,overthepast50years,rapiddesertification(沙漠化)hasthreatenedthisregion.Nearly30%ofthelandhasturnedintodesert,forcingmanyvillagestorelocate(搬迁).Tosolvethisproblem,scientistsandlocalshaveworkedtogether.Step1:Fixingthesand.Theylaystrawcheckerboards(草方格)acrossthedesert.Thesegrids,madeofwheatstraw,canreducewindspeedby50%andtrapmovingsand.Step2:Plantingtrees.Drought-resistantplantslikesaxaul(梭梭树)aregrowninthegrids.Theirrootscanreach10metersdeeptofindwater.Step3:Savingwater.Farmersnowusedripirrigationsystems,whichsave60%morewaterthantraditionalmethods.Thegovernmenthasalsotakenaction.Since2020,over20,000hectares(公顷)ofdeserthavebeenturnedintogreenland.DronesandAIareusedtomonitorplantgrowth.InMinqinCounty,oncecalled“theplaceswallowedbydesert,”70%ofthedesertisnowundercontrol.Localpeopleevendevelopeco-tourism(生态旅游)—visitorsplanttreesandridecamelsthroughrestoredgrasslands.Futurechallenges:Climatechangeandlimitedwaterresourcesremainproblems.ButasMr.Wang,afarmer,said:“Mygrandchildrenwillseeagreenercorridor!”52.WhatisthemaincauseoftheHexiCorridor’sproblem?A.Floods. B.Desertification. C.Airpollution. D.Overpopulation.53.Howdostrawcheckerboardshelp?A.Bycleaningrivers. B.Bystoppingsandmovement.C.Bygrowingcrops. D.Bybuildingroads.54.Whyaresaxaultreesspecial?A.Theirrootsgrowverydeep. B.Theyproducedeliciousfruit.C.Theyneedlotsofrainwater. D.Theyattracttourists.55.Whattechnologyisusedtowatchplantgrowth?A.Robots. B.DronesandAI. C.Satellites. D.Underwatercameras.56.WhatdoesMr.Wang’swordsshow?A.Anger. B.Hope. C.Disappointment. D.Boredom.（25·甘肃白银市一模试题）AJOBATTHEENDOFTHEWORLDGeorgeClarkeisfromBristol,theUK.HehasworkedasthepostmasteronGoudierIslandinAntarctica(南极洲)since2024.Hisworkplaceisthesouthernmostpostofficeintheworld.Thepostofficewassetupin1944.Let’shearwhatClarkesaidbeforeheheadedtotheisland.Whatmadeyouapplyforthejob,Clarke?Ireadanarticleaboutsomeonewhohadworkedatthispostoffice.Ineverexpectedtogetthejob.ButIthought,“Whynot?Itmightbeagreatadventure.”Whatwillyourdutiesbe?Somevisitorsgotothepostofficetosendpostcardsandlettershome.Theyalsocollectstampstoremembertheirtimethere.Allofthesetaskswillbehandledbyme.Whoelsewillbegoingthere?Therearefiveofusonthecoreteam(核心团队).Somewillmonitorwildlife(监测野生生物)andrunthegiftshop.Whatareyoumostlookingforwardto?Thepenguins(企鹅),ofcourse!Therearethousandsofpenguinsontheisland.We’llbekeepinganeyeon(密切关注)themandtheirpopulationnumbers.Whatdoestherolemeantoyou?ThewholeideaistoprotectAntarctichistory.Ilovetheideaofhelpingthestoryofthisplaceliveon.阅读以上材料，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。41.WhereisGeorgeClarkefrom?A.America. B.TheUK. C.Australia. D.Canada.42.WhenwasthepostofficeonGoudierIslandsetup?A.In1944. B.In1954. C.In1964. D.In1974.43.WhatisGeorgeClarke’smainduty?A.Torunthegiftshop. B.Tomonitorwildlife.C.Tocollectstampsforvisitors. D.Tosendpostcardsandlettersforvisitors.44.WhatisGeorgeClarkemostexcitedaboutinhisnewjobonGoudierIsland?A.TheopportunitytoprotectAntarctichistory.B.Theadventureoflivinginaremotelocation.C.Monitoringthepenguinpopulationnumbers.D.Helpingthevisitors.45.Whereisthisarticleprobablyfrom?A.Atravelguide. B.Ahistorybook.C.Apaintingmagazine. D.Asportsnewspaper.（25·甘肃兰州市一模试题）I’veownedamodelplanesinceIwasfive.NowI’ma14­-year-­oldmiddleschoolstudentandIdon’tneeditanymore.Thistoycanstillflyupintheair.SoI’dliketogiveitawaytosomeoneinneed.Mightthepersonbeyou?—JoeTobehonest,Iusedtohatemyfamilyalot.MyparentsoftenarguedandnevercaredaboutmeandmybrotherSam.Samoftenfoughtwithme.SoIstayedinmyownbedroommostofthetime.Butnoweverythinghaschangedandwe’vegotonwellwitheachother.Ilovemyfamily.—MayWhoseCoatIsThis?Salas,anAmericanwriterwroteitforkids.Accordingtodifferentcoats,thisbookintroducessomedifferentjobs.Ihavelearnedmuchfromthebook.—WangZiIoncevolunteeredtoteachinavillageprimaryschool.It’savaluableexperienceforme.Mostpupilswerefrompoorfamilies,buttheyalllovedtostudy.ItaughtthemEnglishandplayedgameswiththem.Whenseeingtheirhappyfaces,Ifeltgreat.—ZhuHe11.HowlonghasJoehadthemodelplane?A.Forthreeyears. B.Forfiveyears.C.Forsevenyears. D.Fornineyears.12.WhatmightMayenjoydoinginthepast?A.PlayingwithSam. B.Stayingaloneinherbedroom.C.Talkingwithherdad. D.Helpinghermomwiththechores.13.WhichsubjectmayZhuHebegoodat?A.English. B.Chinese. C.Math. D.History.14.Wecanlearnfromthesepassages________.A.“WhoseCoatIsThis?”isthenameofamovie.B.Mayoftenfoughtwithherparentsinthepast.C.Joe`stoystillworksnow.D.AllthestudentslovetostudyinZhuHe’sclass.15.Whatcanweknowfromtheinformation?A.Joeoftengivessomeoldthingsawaytopoorkids.B.ThereareatleastfourpeopleinMay’sfamily.C.WangZineedsagreatjobtodevelophisskills.D.ZhuHeisfromapoorfamily,butlovestostudy.DoyouknowAI?It’stheshortformofartificialintelligence(人工智能).Withtheprogress(进步)ofAI,ourlifeisbecomingeasierandeasier.AIhaslotsofgoodpoints.Theyareveryusefultopeople.First,AIcanhelphumanstododangerousworksoitcanpreventpeoplefromdanger.Second,AIcanalsohelpustodoboringwork.Andwecanhavemorefreetimetodowhatwelovetodo.Weareproductive(富有成效的)onlyabout3to4hoursinaday.Wealsoneedbreaksafterwork.ButAIcanworkwithoutbreaks.AIcanalsochangeotherlanguagesintoChinesesothatwecantravelaroundtheworldandtalkwithpeoplefromothercountrieswithoutlearningthelanguagesoftheircountries.Third,itcanmakefewermistakesandhavebetteraccuracy(精确).Anexampleofitistheuseofroboticsurgerysystems(机器人手术系统),loweringtherisksofhumanmistakesandimprovingpatients’safetyinhealthcare.However,AIalsohassomedisadvantages.MakingAIneedsbigcosts.ManypeoplewilllosetheirjobsbecauseofAI.AIismakinghumanslazierandlazier.Inshort,AImakeshumanprogressandourlifecanbemuchmorecolorfulwithAI.16.Howlongarehumansproductiveinadayaccordingtothetext?A.Only1hour. B.Morethan8hours.C.About10hours. D.About3to4hours.17.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellus?A.AIcanhelphumansdomuchworkwithoutabreak.B.Weneedtolearnnewlanguagesifwetraveltoothercountries.C.AIcanhelphumansfinishtheworkinthreetofourhours.D.AIisproductivewhilehumansaren’t.18.Whatkindofexampledoesthewriteruseaboutmakingfewermistakesandhavingbetteraccuracy?A.Roboticsurgerysystems. B.Languagelearning.C.Doingboringwork. D.Travelingaroundtheworld.19.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph5?A.AIcostslessmoney. B.AIalsohasdisadvantages.C.Manypeoplewillfindjobs. D.Peoplewillbelessuseful.20.What’sthewriter’sattitude(态度)towardsAI?A.Disappointed. B.Negative(消极的). C.Hopeful. D.Worried.（25·甘肃酒泉二模试题）Who’sthecoolestkidintraditionalChinesefolkstories?ManypeoplewouldsayNeZha.Duringthisyear’sSpringFestival,theChinesecartoonmovieNeZha2wonpeople’shearts.PeopleloveditsomuchthatitmademoremoneythananyothermovieinChinesehistory.Italsobecameabigculturalcelebration.Herearesomehottalkingpointsaboutthismovie.WhydoesTaiyiZhenrenuselotusroots(莲藕)torebuildNeZha’sbody?Theuseoflotusrootsisspecial.Lotusrootsareverystrong.Theycangrowupto1meterwithoutbreaking.AsthefamousChinesesayinggoes.“Lotusgrowsoutofthemud(淤泥)unstained.”ThelotusshowsNeZha’spowertofightagainstbadthings.Soitisagoodchoiceformakinghisbodyagain.▲Inthemovie,TaiyiZhenren’sSichuandialect(方言)makespeoplelaugh.“HelivesattheQianyuanMountaininJiangyou,SichuanProvince.Soit’snormalforhimtospeaktheSichuandialectinthefilm.”saidZhangJiaming,thevoiceactorforTaiyiZhenren阅读以上材料，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。52.WhatcanwelearnaboutNeZha2accordingtoParagraph1?A.Onlykidslikeit.B.It’sasoapopera.C.It’sfromatraditionalChinesefolkstory.D.Ithasmademoremoneythananyothermovieintheworld.53.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unstained”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Strong. B.Uncleaned. C.Fast. D.Notinfluencedbybadthings.54.Whichsentencecanbeputin________?A.WhoisthevoiceactorforTaiyiZhenren?B.WhydoesNeZha2winsomanypeople’shearts?C.WhydoesTaiyiZhenrenspeaktheSichuandialect?D.WhydoesNeZha2becomeabigculturalcelebration?55.What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.NeZhaandHisFriend.B.NeZha2MakesCultureEvenCooler.C.AncientChineseStoriesaboutLotusRoots.D.NeZha2MakesUsKnowMoreaboutSichuan.56.Thepassageisprobably________.A.aletter B.apoem C.anovel D.anewsreport（24·甘肃中考试题）阅读以上材料，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。46.WhocanjointheUpcycleCompetition?A.Aboywhoiseightyearsold.B.Agroupwhichhasfiveteenagers.C.Afamilyofparentsandtwokids.D.Ateamthathasthree12-year-olds.47.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthecompetition?A.Onecansendhiscompetitioninformationafter25July2024.B.Thebestcreations’photoswillbeputonwww.earthhelper.co/upcycle.C.Ifyourteamwinsthesecondplace,youcanget600dollars.D.Youcansendemailtohi@earthhelper.cotoknowmorerequirements.48.Whatisthemainpurposeofshowingthedifferencesofrecyclingandupcycling?A.Tomakesurethatreadersknowwhattheyneedtocreateforthecompetition.B.Tohelpreaderschoosethebetterwaytosavetheearth.C.Totellthereaderstothinkwiselybeforedecidingtoenterthecompetition.D.Toletthereadersdomoreupcyclingactivities.49.Whichofthefollowingpictureshouldbeputinthe

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?A. B. C. D.50.Howarerecyclingandupcyclinggoodfortheenvironment?A.Newproductsarecreatedoutofoldones.B.Peoplewillmakemoreusefulproducts.C.Morespaceontheearthwillbefreed.D.Therewillbelessharmfulgreenhousegas.（24·甘肃兰州市中考试题）Smarthomesarebecomingmoreandmorepopularthesedays.Whatisasmarthome?Asmarthomeisalivingspacewithadvancedtechnology.Itallowsyoutocontroldifferentdevices(装置)inyourhomebyjusttappingonyoursmartphone—whetheryou’reathomeoronyourwaytowork.Smarthomesincludesmartdevicesandsystems,suchaslocks,fridges,bulbs,washingmachines...Youmaywonderhowtheywork.Smartspeakersareusedtoplaymusicoranswerquestionswithvoices.Smartlightingsystemcanbecontrolledremotelyaccordingtoyourschedule.Smartfridgesmightsuggestrecipesandevenorderfoodsyouneed.Allthesedevicesworktogetherasonetomakeyourhomesmarterandyourlifeeasier.Whataretheadvantagesofasmarthome?Firstly,itisconvenient.Youcancontrolyourhomewithsmartphonesorvoices.Secondly,it’shelpfultoavoidtheunnecessarywaste,soitpossiblybenefitstheenvironment.Thirdly,ifanythingunusualhappensaroundyourhome,thesystemsmaybegintoworktoprotectyouandyourhomeimmediately.However,itmaynotbeforeverybody.Smartdevicesaretypicallymoreexpensivethanthetraditionalones.What’smore,smarthomesystemsrelyonconnectivityanddata(数据)collection,soprivacyconcernsmayarise.Eachcoinhastwosides,sodosmarthomes.It’suptoyoutodesignyourownlivingenvironment.21.Whatisasmarthomeaccordingtothepassage?A.Alivingspacewithbulbs. B.Alivingspacewithfridges.C.Alivingspacewithwashingmachines. D.Alivingspacewithadvancedtechnology.22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraphIreferto?A.Asmarthome. B.Asmartspeaker. C.Asmartsystem. D.Asmartlock.23.Whyaresmarthomesbecomingmoreandmorepopularthesedays?A.Becausetheyfitallthepeople.B.Becausetheymaycollectdataeasily.C.Becausetheyarecheaperthanthetraditionalones.D.Becausetheycanmakeyourlifesafe,convenientandenvironmentallyfriendly.24.Whatisthestructureofthepassage?A. B. C. D.25.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanyouprobablyreadthepassage?A.Sports. B.Technology. C.Nature. D.Art.（23·甘肃中考试题）PencilsandPensNooneknowswhoinventedpencilsorwhenithappened.ASwissdescribedapencilinabookin1565.Hesaiditwasapieceofwoodwithleadinsideit.(Leadisaveryheavy,soft,darkgraymetal.)Pencilsweren’tpopular,andpeoplecontinuedtowritewithpens.Theyusedbirdfeathersaspens.Then,in1795,someonestartedmakingpencilsfromgraphite(石墨),andtheybecameverypopular.Onepencilcanwrite50,000Englishwordsormakealine55kilometerslong.Peoplewrotewithfeatherpensandthenusedpenswithmetalpoints.Theyhadtodip(蘸)thepointintoinkaftereveryfewletters.Next,someoneinventedafountainpenthatcouldholdinkinsideit.Afountainpencanwriteseveralpagesbeforeyouhavetofillitagain.TwoHungarianbrothers,LadislaoandGeorgBiro,inventedtheballpointpen.Englishpilotslikedthepens.Theycouldn’twritewithfountainpensinairplanesbecausetheinkleakedout.Later,aFrenchcompanycalledBicboughttheBiros’company.Somepeoplecallballpointpens“Bics.”Australianscallthem“Biros.”Whateverwecallthem,weusethemeveryday.阅读以上材料，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。41.A________describedapencilin1565.A.Canadian B.German C.Swiss D.Japanese42.Thefirstpenswere________.A.feathers B.stone C.graphite D.wooden43.Onepencilcanwrite________Englishwords.A.1,795 B.50,000 C.55 D.1,94344.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Afountainpencanholdinkinsideit.B.Ballpointpenaregoodforwritinginairplanes.C.Fountainpensmayleakink.D.Biros’companyboughtBic.45.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Weusepensandpencilseveryday.B.Thereweremanykindsofpensbeforeballpointpens.C.Pensandpencilsareveryusefulinventions.D.Penswerein