2026届高三英语二轮复习课件：专题一　阅读理解　第一讲　细节理解题

题型篇阅读之解题技巧提升第一板块核心素养之阅读篇第一讲细节理解题专题一阅读理解细节理解题是高考阅读的基石,占比超过“半壁江山”。它看似简单——在文中找到对应信息即可,但如今的命题早已超越了“原词复现”的初级阶段。它往往考查在信息海洋中精准定位、在“高度相似”的选项中辨别真伪、在原文基础上合理转述的综合能力。考什么——透视细节题的“命题密码”1.常见设问方式(1)特殊疑问句形式。以when、where、what、which、who、how等疑问词引出问题。这是最常见的设问形式。(2)以“Accordingto...”开头的提问形式。(3)就文中数字、排序等提问。2.正确选项特征原词复现选项中的某个单词或短语与原文完全一致同义替换对原文中的关键词进行同义替换语言简化把原文中的复杂语言进行简化正话反说把原文中的意思反过来表达3.干扰选项特征扩缩范围与文章细节部分吻合,部分相悖无中生有明显与文章内容不符或没有提及偷梁换柱符合常识,但不是文章内容张冠李戴是文章细节,但不符合题干要求或不是要点正误参半部分正确,部分错误4.热点考向5.解题步骤备考提示:细节理解题的本质是一场信息匹配的游戏。你的任务不是创作,而是发现。通过“三步锁定法”的刻意练习,你会发现,无论文章多长、主题多深,解开细节题的钥匙,永远藏在原文的字里行间。怎么考——铸造细节题的“四大破题利器”面对不同类型的细节题,我们要告别“通读全文再做题”的低效模式,掌握以下四大核心考向,从而实现从“大海捞针”到“GPS制导”的飞跃。考向1

直接信息题——“定—寻—比”法此为细节题的基石,答案通常是原文信息的直接呈现或简单复述。掌握此法,即可秒杀送分题。[典例]

(2025·全国一卷阅读A)22.Whichmodeoftransportcangogreencomparativelyeasily?A.Planes. B.Trucks.C.Trains. D.Ships.自主解答

C

[导引]Step1:定——关键词定位题干关键词为:gogreen和comparativelyeasily。Step2:寻——文中寻句根据题干关键词定位到TRAINS—Electricity部分的关键句:Sometrainsare...otherscanbemadeelectricinprettysimpleways。Step3:比——选项比对比对答案:“prettysimpleways”直接对应题干中的“comparativelyeasily”,直接锁定选项。[图解]考向2

间接信息题——同义转换法同义转换是命题人最常用的“伪装术”。答案是原文信息的“改写”或“换一种说法”,考查考生识别“潜台词”的能力。25.Whydidthestudentsperformpoorlyinwritingtheirfirstessay?A.Theywerenotgivenenoughtime.B.Theyhadaverylimitedvocabulary.C.Theymisunderstoodthequestion.D.Theyhadlittleinterestinthetopic.自主解答

D[导引]Step1:定位信息区间用关键词performpoorly和firstessay定位到原文第二段。Step2:解码原文内涵由原文关键句“Theycouldhave...simplydidn’tstrikethemasimportant.”可知,学生认为写作本身不重要,即缺乏写作兴趣导致表现不佳。Step3:匹配同义改写“Theyhadlittleinterestinthetopic.”与原文关键句完美匹配。[典例]

(2025·全国一卷阅读B)Butthingsweredifferentfortheirfirstessay,whichwasaboutthequestion:“Whyiswritingimportant?”Mostoftheessaysfilledlessthanonepage,andfewcontainedasentencethatcouldbeinterpretedasathesis(论点)statement.Iwasshocked.ThenIrealizedthattheproblemwasthequestionitself.Theycouldhavewrittenpagesonthenecessityofcomputers,butwriting,inandofitself,simplydidn’tstrikethemasimportant.Thiswouldhavetochange.[图解]考向3

数字计算题——“定—筛—算”法此类题目看似简单,实则考验信息筛选和简单运算的准确性。陷阱往往在于信息干扰或信息整合。[典例]

(2025·全国一卷阅读A)MovinggoodsandpeoplearoundtheworldisresponsibleforalargepartofglobalCO2emissions(排放).Astheworldracestodecarbonizeeverything,itfacesparticularproblemswithtransportation—whichaccountsforaboutaquarterofourenergy-relatedgreenhousegasemissions.Here’sthebreakdownoftheemissionsin2018fordifferentmodesoftransport.21.Whatpercentageofglobaltransportemissionsdidroadvehiclesaccountforin2018?A.11.6%. B.45.1%.C.74.5%. D.86.1%.自主解答

C[导引]Step1:定——定位数字定位到图表中与roadvehicles相关的部分。找到两个数字:ROAD(PASSENGER)45.1%和ROAD(GOODS)29.4%。Step2:筛——筛选信息题干问的是roadvehicles的总和,因此客运(PASSENGER)和货运(GOODS)都需要计算在内。Step3:算——准确计算/判断进行加法运算:45.1%+29.4%=74.5%。将计算结果与选项比对,锁定正确选项。[图解]考向4

综合信息题——归纳概括法当答案无法从单一“关键句”获得时,考生需要化身侦探,将散落在不同位置的线索拼合成完整的证据链。[典例]

(2025·全国二卷阅读B)“SometimesIdon’tlikesayingthatI’mateacher,”saysHo.“Peoplegetintheirmindsanideaofwhatteachersdo,butthat’snotreallywhatitishere.”...

Still,inroom386,academicsdon’tcomefirst.Physicalhealthandmentalhealtharethepriority.“Ifyou’rescaredaboutsomethingandthinkingonlyaboutthat,there’snowayyou’regoingtobeabletolearn,”Hosays.“I’macoach,anadviser,andacomforter,andthat’swhatitmeanstobeahospitalteacher.”

25.WhatisacharacteristicofHo’sjob?A.Prioritizingacademics.B.Encouraginginnovation.C.Treatingvariousdiseases.D.Playingmultipleroles.自主解答

D[导引]Step1:多点定位题干问Ho’sjob的特点。扫描全文,找到所有描述她工作的句子。Step2:整合信息信息1:Idon’tlikesayingthat...whatitishere.信息2:...academicsdon’tcomefirst.Physicalhealthandmentalhealtharethepriority.信息3:I’macoach...beahospitalteacher.Step3:提炼共性将这些线索整合起来,发现Ho的工作远不止“教学”,她还需要扮演多种角色。[图解]1.(2025·全国二卷阅读A)Mevagissey,CornwallEvenifyouhaven’tbeentothesmallfishingvillageMevagissey,you’veprobablyseenitinamovieorBritishTVshow.Theworkingharbor(港口)tookshapein1774.Fishermengoouttoseadailyandselltheirfishinharbor-sidemarkets.Don’tleavetheharborwithoutatraditionalCornishpie.It’sdelicious.运用所学方法解答下列题目WhatdoestheauthorsuggestvisitorsdoinMevagissey?A.TrytheCornishpie. B.WatchaBritishTVshow.C.Gofishinginthesea. D.Takepicturesoftheharbor.本题为

。

定位:题干关键词

和

。

寻句:快速定位到原文最后一段倒数第二句:Don’tleavetheharborwithoutatraditionalCornishpie.比对:该句直接给出了对游客的建议。Don’tleavewithout...是一种强烈的建议语气,与选项A意思完全吻合。直接信息题suggestvisitorsdoinMevagissey2.(2025·全国一卷阅读A)Thisenergytransition(变革)isglobal,andtheamountofrenewableenergytheworldwillneedis“alittlebitmind-blowing,”saysmechanicalengineerKeithWipkeattheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory.It’sestimatedthattheglobaldemandforelectricitycouldmorethandoubleby2050.Fortunately,analysessuggestthatrenewablesareuptothetask.“Weneedtospeedupthedevelopmentofgreenenergy,anditwillallgetused,”saysWipke.WhatdoesWipkesuggestregardingenergytransition?A.Limitingfuelconsumption.B.Puttingmoreeffortintorenewables.C.Improvingenergyefficiency.D.Makingelectricitymoreaffordable.本题为

。

定位:题干关键词

和

。

间接信息题Wipkesuggestenergytransition解码:定位到Wipke的原话:Weneedtospeedupthedevelopmentofgreenenergy...。这里的

与文中的renewableenergy是同义概念。

匹配:

与选项B中的Puttingmoreeffortinto构成了完美的同义转述。

greenenergyspeedupthedevelopment3.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读A)PricesHowmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?本题为

。

寻找:题干要求计算abikewithhandbrakeandthreegears租twodays的费用。数字计算题筛选:在表格中找到对应列

。筛选出两个关键价格:1day(24hours)的价格是

,以及Eachadditionalday的价格是

。

计算:两天的费用=第1天的费用+额外1天的费用,即

,故选C项。

HandBrake,ThreeGears4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读A)Choice

of

Walks

for

Beginnerand

Experienced

Walkers…Walk

1—The

Natural

World…DateandTime:Saturday,1stOctober,at09:00StartPoint:ScratoesBridgeWalkDuration:6hoursWalk

2—Introduction

to

Hillwalking…DateandTime:Sunday,2ndOctober,at09:00StartPoint:DeerparkCarParkWalkDuration:5hoursWalk

3—Moonlight

Under

the

Stars…DateandTime:Saturday,1stOctober,at18:30StartPoint:TheTownHallWalkDuration:3hoursWalk

4—Photographic

Walk

in

Kilbrannish

Forest…DateandTime:Sunday,2ndOctober,at11:45StartPoint:KilbrannishForestRecreationAreaWalkDuration:1.5hoursWhatdothefourwalkshaveincommon?A.Theyinvolvedifficultclimbing.B.Theyareforexperiencedwalkers.C.Theysharethesamestartpoint.D.Theyarescheduledfortheweekend.本题为

。

多点定位:题干关键词fourwalks和incommon。需要定位到四个步行方案中各自的DateandTime信息。综合信息题整合信息:Walk1:Saturday(星期六)Walk2:Sunday(星期日)Walk3:Saturd