2025年ACCAF阶段业绩管理模拟测试

2025年ACCAF阶段业绩管理模拟测试考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______Instructions:Answerallquestionsinthespacesprovided.Showallcalculationsforquantitativeanswers.Question1:(a)Brieflyexplainthedifferencebetweenastaticbudgetandaflexiblebudget.Inwhichsituationswouldaflexiblebudgetbemorebeneficialforperformanceevaluation?(b)Acompanyusesastandardcostingsystem.Thestandardmaterialcostforoneunitofproductis5kgofmaterialat$2perkg.InApril,thecompanyproduced1,000unitsandincurredthefollowingmaterialcosts:5,200kgofmaterialatatotalcostof$10,600.(i)CalculatethetotalmaterialcostvarianceforApril.(ii)Breakdownthetotalmaterialcostvarianceintoamaterialpricevarianceandamaterialusagevariance.Question2:Afactoryhastwoproductiondepartments,DepartmentXandDepartmentY.DepartmentXusesastandardcostingsystem.ThestandardlabourcostforonehourofworkinDepartmentXis$15.InMay,1,800directlabourhourswereworkedatatotalcostof$28,500toproduce4,000unitsofproduct.Theactualhoursworkedwere5%morethanthestandardhoursallowedfortheactualoutput.(i)CalculatethedirectlabourcostvarianceforDepartmentXinMay.(ii)Calculatethelabourpricevarianceandthelabourefficiencyvariance.Question3:Brieflydescribethefollowingterms:(i)Controllablecosts(ii)Uncontrollablecosts(iii)ProfitcentreQuestion4:Acompanyusesactivity-basedcosting(ABC)toallocateoverheadcosts.Twoactivitiesareidentified:Settingupmachines(costdriver:numberofsetups)andQualityinspection(costdriver:numberofinspections).Thebudgetedcostsandactivitylevelsfornextmonthareasfollows:*Settingupmachines:Budgetedcost$12,000,Budgetedsetups600*Qualityinspection:Budgetedcost$9,000,Budgetedinspections300Theactualresultsfornextmonthwere:*Actualsetups540*Actualinspections320*Actualoverheadcost$21,000(i)Calculatetheactivityratesforsettingupmachinesandqualityinspection.(ii)Ifaproductrequires3setupsand2inspections,calculatetheoverheadcostallocatedtothisproductusingABC.Question5:Themanagementofacompanyisevaluatingtheperformanceofitstwodivisions,DivisionA(aprofitcentre)andDivisionB(aninvestmentcentre).Thefollowinginformationisavailableforthelastperiod:*DivisionA:Sales$500,000,Variablecosts$300,000,Fixedcosts$150,000.*DivisionB:Sales$800,000,Contributionmargin$200,000,Operatingincome$50,000,Averageoperatingassets$400,000.(i)CalculatetheprofitmarginforDivisionA.(ii)Calculatethereturnoninvestment(ROI)forDivisionB.(iii)ExplainonepotentiallimitationofusingROIasaperformancemeasureforDivisionB.Question6:(a)Whatismeantby'budgetarycontrol'?(b)Acompanypreparesamasterbudgetassumingsalesof10,000units.Theactualsalesfortheperiodwere12,000units.Explaintheconceptofasalesvolumevarianceandhowitmightbecalculated.(Nocalculationrequired).Question7:XLtdmanufacturesasingleproductwhichpassesthroughtwoproductiondepartments,PandQ.Thestandardhoursofinputforeachunitareasfollows:*DepartmentP:3hoursdirectmaterials,2hoursdirectlabour*DepartmentQ:2hoursdirectmaterials,3hoursdirectlabourThestandardcostsperunitare:*DepartmentP:Materials$5perkg,Labour$20perhour*DepartmentQ:Materials$8perkg,Labour$25perhourInarecentperiod,thefollowingactualresultswereachievedfor1,000unitsproduced:*DepartmentP:Materialsused3,200kg,Labourhoursworked2,100hours*DepartmentQ:Materialsused2,100kg,Labourhoursworked2,950hoursCalculatethematerialcostvarianceandthelabourcostvarianceforDepartmentQfortheperiod.试卷答案Question1:(a)Astaticbudgetispreparedforasinglelevelofactivityandremainsunchangedregardlessoftheactuallevelofactivityachieved.Aflexiblebudgetisadjustedtoreflecttheactuallevelofactivity,allowingformoremeaningfulperformanceevaluationasitremovestheeffectsofvolumedifferences.Flexiblebudgetsaremorebeneficialforperformanceevaluationwhenthelevelofactivityvariessignificantlyfromwhatwasplanned,astheyisolatethevariancesduetocostcontrolfactors(price,efficiency)fromvariancesduetovolumechanges.(b)(i)Standardmaterialcost=1,000units*5kg/unit*$2/kg=$10,000.Actualmaterialcost=$10,600.Totalmaterialcostvariance=$10,600-$10,000=$600(Unfavourable).(ii)Materialpricevariance=Actualquantity*(Actualprice-Standardprice)=5,200kg*($10,600/5,200kg-$2/kg)=5,200kg*($2.05/kg-$2/kg)=5,200kg*$0.05/kg=$260(Unfavourable).Materialusagevariance=Standardprice*(Actualquantity-Standardquantity)=$2/kg*(5,200kg-1,000units*5kg/unit)=$2/kg*(5,200kg-5,000kg)=$2/kg*200kg=$400(Unfavourable).Question2:(i)Standardhoursallowed=1,000units*2hours/unit=2,000hours.Standardlabourcost=2,000hours*$15/hour=$30,000.Actuallabourcost=$28,500.Directlabourcostvariance=$28,500-$30,000=$1,500(Favourable).(ii)Actualhoursworked=1,800hours*1.05=1,890hours.Labourpricevariance=Actualhours*(Actualrate-Standardrate)=1,890hours*($28,500/1,890hours-$15/hour)=1,890hours*($15.053-$15/hour)=1,890hours*$0.053/hour=$100.27(Unfavourable).Labourefficiencyvariance=Standardrate*(Actualhours-Standardhours)=$15/hour*(1,890hours-2,000hours)=$15/hour*(-110hours)=$1,650(Favourable).Question3:(i)Controllablecostsarecoststhatcanbeinfluencedbythedecisionsofaspecificmanagerordepartmentwithinashortperiod.Managershavetheauthoritytodecidehowthesecostsareincurred.(ii)Uncontrollablecostsarecoststhatcannotbeinfluencedbythedecisionsofaspecificmanagerordepartmentwithinashortperiod.Thesecostsareoftendeterminedbyexternalfactorsorhighermanagementdecisions.(iii)Aprofitcentreisaresponsibilitycentrewherethemanagerisresponsibleforbothrevenuesandcosts,andisevaluatedprimarilyonthecentre'sprofitability(e.g.,saleslesscontrollablecosts).Question4:(i)Activityrateforsettingupmachines=$12,000/600setups=$20persetup.Activityrateforqualityinspection=$9,000/300inspections=$30perinspection.(ii)Overheadallocatedtoproduct=(3setups*$20/setup)+(2inspections*$30/inspection)=$60+$60=$120.Question5:(i)Profitmargin=Operatingincome/Sales=($500,000-$300,000-$150,000)/$500,000=$50,000/$500,000=0.10or10%.(ii)ROI=Operatingincome/Averageoperatingassets=$50,000/$400,000=0.125or12.5%.(iii)ApotentiallimitationofROIisthatitcanencouragemanagerstorejectprofitableprojectsiftheprojectswouldlowerthedivision'sROI(duetorequiringanincreaseininvestment).Thismayleadtosub-optimisation.Question6:(a)Budgetarycontrolistheprocessofcomparingactualresultswiththebudgetedfigures,analysingthevariances,investigatingtheircauses,andtakingcorrectiveactionswherenecessarytoensurethattheorganisation'sobjectivesareachieved.(b)Asalesvolumevariancemeasuresthedifferencebetweenthebudgetedcontributionmarginbasedonactualsalesvolumeandthebudget