湖南省平高教育集团2025-2026学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1湖南省平高教育集团2025-2026学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AZhejiangProvincehaslongbeenapopulartouristdestinationforitspicturesquelandscapesandrichculturalheritage,whichofferawiderangeofexperiencestovisitors.Itsefficienttransportationnetworkandmoderncommunicationfacilitiesmakeitveryaccessible,whilethegeneralfriendlinessofthelocalpeopleaddstoitscharm.Althoughtravelcostscanvary,thevalueprovidedbyitsuniqueattractionsensuresitsenduringappeal.WestLakeLocatedatthewestofHangzhouCity,WestLakeisoneofthetoptenscenicspotsinChina.WestLakewasincludedonUNESCO’sWorldHeritageListin2011.Surroundedbymountainsonthreesides,thelakeoccupiesagroundareaofseveralsquarekilometers.Itisabout2.8kilometerswidefromeasttowest.TheGrandCanalTheGrandCanal,avastwaterwayconnectingthenorthernandsouthernpartsofChina,waslistedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein2014.TheGrandCanalgoesbackmorethantwothousandyears.ItlinksChina’stwolongestriversandhasatotallengthof1,794kilometers.ArchaeologicalRuinsofLiangzhuCityThearchaeologicalruinsofLiangzhu,whichwereinscribedontheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin2019,arelocatedintheYangtzeRiverBasin.Theyrevealanearlyregionalstatewithaunifiedbeliefsystem.Theseruinsareanoutstandingexampleofearlyurbancivilization.SongchengScenicAreaSongchengislocatedinZhejiangTouristResort.ItisathemeparkthatfeaturesthecultureoftheSongDynasty.Insidethepark,visitorscanenjoysonganddanceperformances,aswellastraditionalfolkshows.Theparkhasavarietyoffacilitiestomakevisitorsexperiencethelifeandcultureofthedynasty.1.WhatmakesZhejiangProvinceconstantlypopularwithtourists?A.Itslowtravelcosts. B.Itsfranklocalresidents.C.Itsscenicbeautyandculturaldepth. D.Itsconvenienttransportationandsmoothcommunication.2.Whatdothefirstthreeattractionshaveincommon?A.Theyarelocatedinthesamecity. B.Theywereconstructedinthesamecentury.C.TheywererecognizedbyUNESCO. D.Theyaredesignedfortheagriculturalpurpose.3.WhatistheprimarypurposeoftheSongchengScenicArea?A.Toserveasthecity’smainpublicpark. B.Toshowthecultureofanancientdynasty.C.Toprovideawaterwayfortransportation. D.Toprotectanimportantarchaeologicaldiscovery.【答案】1.C2.C3.B【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍浙江省因优美风景、深厚文化等成为热门旅游地，重点推荐西湖、大运河、良渚古城遗址（均为联合国教科文组织世界遗产）及宋城景区，展现其多样旅游价值。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“ZhejiangProvincehaslongbeenapopulartouristdestinationforitspicturesquelandscapesandrichculturalheritage,whichofferawiderangeofexperiencestovisitors.(浙江省一直以来都是一个颇受游客欢迎的旅游胜地，其秀美的风景和丰富的文化遗产为游客提供了多样化的体验)”可知，其优美的风景和深厚的文化底蕴让浙江省一直深受游客喜爱。故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“WestLakewasincludedonUNESCO’sWorldHeritageListin2011.(西湖于2011年被列入联合国教科文组织的世界遗产名录)”；第三段“TheGrandCanal,avastwaterwayconnectingthenorthernandsouthernpartsofChina,waslistedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein2014.(京杭大运河是连接中国北方和南方的宽阔水道，于2014年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产)”以及第四段“ThearchaeologicalruinsofLiangzhu,whichwereinscribedontheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin2019,arelocatedintheYangtzeRiverBasin.(良渚的考古遗址于2019年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，它们位于长江流域)”可知，前三个景点均被联合国教科文组织认定为世界遗产。故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“ItisathemeparkthatfeaturesthecultureoftheSongDynasty.(这是一个以宋朝文化为主题的游乐园)”可知，宋城景区的主要目的是展示一个古代王朝的文化。故选B。BYasminAlkashefgrewupinEgyptlearningEnglishandArabic.Fromaveryyoungage,sheknewshelovedlanguages.Inthefourthgrade,shebeganlearningFrench.Herloveforlanguagescontinuedintohighschool,whereshebegantrainingtobeatranslator.Nowsheinterpretsandtranslatesforpeopleprofessionally.Alkashefhasbeenatranslatorfor20years.She’samemberoftheAmericanTranslatorsAssociationboardofdirectorsandacertifiedArabic-Englishtranslator,acertifiedcourtinterpreter,andaconferenceinterpreter.Thoughthejobshavesimilarities,translatorsworkwithwrittenmaterialwhileinterpretersworkwithspokenlanguage.Confidenceiscrucialtobothjobs.Mostinterpretersandtranslatorsarefreelancers(自由职业者),whichmeansthey’renotemployedasstaffforanorganizationoracompany.Beingafreelancermeansdoingavarietyofworkforavarietyofclients.Alkashefenjoysthisaspectofherjob.“It’salwaysfun,becauseeveryweekisdifferent,andthetopicsarealwaysdifferent,”shesays.“Oneday,youaretranslatingadocumentaboutcleanwater,andthenextday,youareincourt,interpretingacase.Thefollowingday,you’reataconferenceaboutinternationalpeace.Youlearnalot,becauseyougettogetintouchwithsomanydifferentpeople.”Alkashefhasinterpretedatcourtcasesandfilmfestivals,andatpoliticaleventswithpeoplesuchaspresidentsandkings.Theworkcanbeexcitingandattractive,butalsochallengingandsad.“Interpretersspeakinthefirstperson,”Alkashefsays.“Whentheysaysomethingsadorpainful,theirsubconsciousdoesnotunderstandthatitissomebodyelse’sstory.Sointerpreterscomehomewiththisburden,andtheyhavetodoself-caretotakecareoftheirmentalhealth.”Alkashefismostgratefulthatthroughherwork,she’sabletohelpothers.“It’smorethanjustthewords.Theinterpreterbringsanunderstandingofthecultures,ofhistory,andofalotofthings,”shesays.Herworkhasenrichedherlifeinmanyways,andshetriestoimpartwhatshelearnstothosearoundher.4.Whatdistinguishestranslatorsfrominterpretersaccordingtothetext?A.Theirwagelevel. B.Theirworkingtime.C.Theclienttypetheyserve. D.Themediumtheyuse.5.WhydoesAlkashefenjoybeingafreelancer?A.Becauseofdiversetasks.B.Becauseofstableincome.C.Becauseofpredictableroutine.D.Becauseoffewerresponsibilities.6.WhatchallengedointerpretersfacementallyaccordingtoAlkashef?A.Languagebarriers. B.Emotionalstress.C.Timemanagement. D.Technicaldifficulties.7.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthelastparagraph?A.TohighlighttheimpactofAlkashef’swork.B.TocompareAlkashef’sworkwithothers’.C.Toemphasizetheimportanceofwordsofgratitude.D.TopresentAlkashef’sabilitytounderstandothers.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述翻译家亚斯明·阿尔卡舍夫的语言学习经历、翻译与口译工作的区别、自由职业的特点及工作中的挑战与收获。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thoughthejobshavesimilarities,translatorsworkwithwrittenmaterialwhileinterpretersworkwithspokenlanguage(尽管这两份工作有相似之处，翻译员处理书面材料，而口译员处理口语)”可知，翻译员和口译员的区别在于使用的媒介不同。故选D项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It’salwaysfun,becauseeveryweekisdifferent,andthetopicsarealwaysdifferent(这总是很有趣，因为每周都不一样，话题也总是不同)”和后文列举的不同领域工作内容可知，阿尔卡舍夫喜欢自由职业是因为工作任务多样。故选A项。【6题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Whentheysaysomethingsadorpainful,theirsubconsciousdoesnotunderstandthatitissomebodyelse’sstory.Sointerpreterscomehomewiththisburden,andtheyhavetodoself-caretotakecareoftheirmentalhealth(当口译员说出悲伤或痛苦的内容时，他们的潜意识并不会意识到那是别人的经历。因此，口译员会带着这份负担回家，他们必须做好自我关怀，以维护自己的心理健康。)”可知，口译员面临的心理挑战是情感压力。故选B项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Alkashefismostgratefulthatthroughherwork,she’sabletohelpothers.“It’smorethanjustthewords.Theinterpreterbringsanunderstandingofthecultures,ofhistory,andofalotofthings,”shesays.Herworkhasenrichedherlifeinmanyways,andshetriestoimpartwhatshelearnstothosearoundher.(阿尔卡舍夫最感恩的是，通过这份工作，她能够帮助他人。“这不仅仅是语言转换那么简单。口译员还能带来对文化、历史以及诸多事物的理解，”她说。她的工作在许多方面丰富了自己的人生，而她也努力将学到的东西传递给身边的人)”可知，最后一段提到阿尔卡舍夫通过工作帮助他人，其工作不仅是语言转换，还包含文化、历史的理解传递，且丰富了自己的人生。目的是突出她工作带来的影响。故选A项。CItiswidelythoughtthatourgalaxy,theMilkyWay,iscertaintocollide(碰撞)withtheneighboringAndromedagalaxysometimearound5billionyearsfromnow.Butaccordingtonewresearch,maybeweshouldn’tcountonthismultigalacticcollisionhappeningaspreviouslyexpected.InastudypublishedrecentlyinNatureAstronomy,researcherswhoanalyzeddatafromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency’sspacetelescopeandNASA’stelescopesaytheeventismoreofacoinflipthanagiven:Theteamsuggeststhere’sjustabouta50-50chanceofthetwogalaxiescollidingwithinthenext10billionyearsorso.Whenyoulookatthenext4—5billionyears,thatchancedropsdowntoaround2%.Inotherspacenews,scientistsarediscussingaboutastarthatissmallinmassbuthugeinenergy.TOI-6894isareddwarf(红矮星)thatisroughly20%asmassiveasoursun.ButinanotherstudypublishedinNatureAstronomy,researcherssaythey’vespottedagiantplanetorbitingthelittlestar.Theplanet,calledTOI-6894b,isdescribedasalow-densitygasgiant.Astronomerssaythepresenceofagasgiantthatsurroundssuchasmallstarissosurprisingthatitchallengesthemostwidelyacceptedtheoryofplanetformation.Thetheory,calledcoreaccretion(积聚),suggeststhatgiantplanetsarebornwhentheirsolidcoresgetmassiveenoughtostartpullinginlotsofgas.Smallerstarsgenerallylackenoughgasanddusttoallowforsuchaprocess,butthisreddwarfendedupwithagasgiantgoingarounditanyhow.Becausereddwarfstarsaresupercommoninourgalaxy,thiscouldmeangasgiantsaremoreplentifulthanwethought.TheresearcherswillusetheJamesWebbSpaceTelescopetostudytheplanet’satmosphere,whichshouldprovidemorecluesaboutitsformation.8.Howdoestheauthorbeginparagraph1?A.Bycomparingthedata. B.Byquotingfromdocuments.C.Byconcludingfromsomepreviousresearch. D.Bymentioningacommonastronomicalbelief.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“acoinflip”inparagraph2referto?A.Agivenchance. B.Anuncertainsituation.C.Aconstantrule. D.Anapparentchoice.10.WhatdoweknowaboutTOI-6894?A.Thereislittleenergyinit. B.ItisorbitingTOI-6894b.C.Itistwiceasmassiveasthesun. D.Thereisahugeplanetaroundit.11.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A.Theremayexistmorehugegasplanetsinspace. B.Smallerstarsdonotformsatellites.C.Reddwarfsarerareintheuniverse. D.Gasgiantsrequirenosolidcores.【答案】8.D9.B10.D11.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍两项天文研究：一是银河系与仙女座星系未来碰撞概率不确定性较高；二是红矮星TOI-6894周围发现气态巨行星，挑战现有行星形成理论，或意味着气态巨行星更普遍。【8题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Itiswidelythoughtthatourgalaxy,theMilkyWay,iscertaintocollide(碰撞)withtheneighboringAndromedagalaxysometimearound5billionyearsfromnow.(人们普遍认为，我们的银河系（即“银河”）很可能会在大约50亿年后与邻近的仙女座星系发生碰撞)”可知，作者通过提及一种常见的天文学观点开头。故选D。【9题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Theteamsuggeststhere’sjustabouta50-50chanceofthetwogalaxiescollidingwithinthenext10billionyearsorso.(该团队表示，这两颗星系在接下来约100亿年内发生碰撞的可能性大约为50%)”可知，后文明确说明两星系在未来100亿年左右碰撞的概率约为50%，可见碰撞并非确定事件。故划线词指的是“一种不确定的状况”。故选B。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“TOI-6894isareddwarf(红矮星)thatisroughly20%asmassiveasoursun.ButinanotherstudypublishedinNatureAstronomy,researcherssaythey’vespottedagiantplanetorbitingthelittlestar.Theplanet,calledTOI-6894b,isdescribedasalow-densitygasgiant.Astronomerssaythepresenceofagasgiantthatsurroundssuchasmallstarissosurprisingthatitchallengesthemostwidelyacceptedtheoryofplanetformation.(TOI-6894是一颗红矮星，其质量约为太阳的20%。但在另一项发表于《自然·天文学》的研究中，研究人员称他们发现了围绕这颗小恒星运行的一颗巨大行星。这颗行星被称为TOI-6894b，被描述为一种低密度气态巨行星。天文学家表示，围绕如此小的恒星存在一颗气态巨行星这一现象如此令人惊讶，以至于它挑战了目前最被广泛接受的行星形成理论)”可知，TOI-6894周围有一颗巨大的行星。故选D。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Smallerstarsgenerallylackenoughgasanddusttoallowforsuchaprocess,butthisreddwarfendedupwithagasgiantgoingarounditanyhow.(较小的恒星通常缺乏足够的气体和尘埃来促成这样的过程，但这个红矮星最终还是拥有了围绕其运行的气态巨行星)”可知，红矮星这颗较小的恒星能围绕运行，说明太空中或许还存在着更多巨大的气态行星。故选A。DResearchersfromNorthwesternUniversityandtheChicagoBotanicGardenwillstudythecarboncapture(碳捕获)effectsofsoiladditivesonagriculturalfields.Fortheworldtomeettheglobalaveragetemperaturegoalssetforthinthe2015ParisAgreement,weneedtoactivelydecreasecarbonemissions(排放).EarthandplanetarysciencesprofessorAndyJacobsonsuggestsEarthsciencecanhelpitandthatonepossiblewayistocaptureatmosphericcarbondioxide(CO2)andlockitawayforafewthousandyears.Thechemicalweathering(风化)ofrocksisanaturalphenomenonthattransformsatmosphericCO2intoastablemineralform.WhenCO2dissolvesinwater,itcreatesasubstancethatcanbreakdownrocks.ThistransformationreleaseselementsfromcertainrocksandchangesCO2intoastableform.Overtime,theseelementscombinetoformmineralsthatarethebuildingblocksofmanynaturalstructuresandrocks.Thistransformationhelpstolockcarboninasolidform,whichplaysanimportantpartinstabilizingEarth’sclimateoverthelongterm.“Overmuchshorterhumantimescales,thisstableformofCO2actsasasinkforatmosphericCO2,”saysJacobson.Canwespeeduptheweatheringprocessandactivelyremovecarbonfromtheatmosphereatratesfastenoughtohelpreducetheimpactofmodernclimatechange?Enhancedrockweatheringwasproposedasastrategyofdecreasingcarbonemissionsdecadesagobutonlyrecentlygainedinterest.Anarticleina2020magazineestimatedthatenhancedweatheringcouldremoveupto2billiontonsofCO2annuallyfromtheatmosphereby2050.Jacobsonisleadingateamofresearcherstoinvestigatethisnegativeemissionstechnology.Inaseriesofexperimentalsystemsthatsimulatenaturalconditionsatthegarden,researcherswilltesttheeffectsfromaddingdifferenttypesofrocktosoilsusedtogrowvariouscrops.Thesoiladditiveswillincludeavolcanicrockthatchemicallyweathersfasterthanotherrocksandminerals,potentiallyspeedingupCO2captureandstorage.12.WhatdoesJacobsonstressaboutEarthscienceinparagraph2?A.Itsscientificoriginasaprinciple.B.Itspresentlimitationsincarboncapture.C.Itspotentialroleinachievingclimategoals.D.Itslogicalaccuracyintemperatureprediction.13.Whatismainlydiscussedinparagraph3concerningrocks?A.Theprocessoftheirweathering.B.Thereasonsfortheirformation.C.Theirnaturalstructures.D.Theirstablechemicalcomposition.14.Whatisthemainfunctionofthequestioninparagraph4?A.Tosummarizethepreviousparagraph.B.Todoubtthecontentofamagazine.C.Tointroducethefollowingsolution.D.Toshowthefastrateofclimatechange.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.CanHumansStabilizeEarth’sClimate?B.IsFarmingtheKeytoCarbonCapture?C.WhatIstheChemicalWeatheringofRocks?D.HowDoCarbonEmissionsSpeedupGlobalWarming?【答案】12.C13.A14.C15.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为达成《巴黎协定》温控目标，研究人员将开展农田土壤添加剂碳捕获研究。其原理基于岩石化学风化可固定二氧化碳，团队拟测试火山岩等添加剂，探索强化风化技术的减排潜力。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Fortheworldtomeettheglobalaveragetemperaturegoalssetforthinthe2015ParisAgreement,weneedtoactivelydecreasecarbonemissions(排放).EarthandplanetarysciencesprofessorAndyJacobsonsuggestsEarthsciencecanhelpitandthatonepossiblewayistocaptureatmosphericcarbondioxide(CO2)andlockitawayforafewthousandyears.(为实现2015年《巴黎协定》确定的全球平均气温目标，我们需要积极减少碳排放。地球和行星科学教授安迪·雅各布森（AndyJacobson）表示，地球科学可以提供帮助，一种可能的方法是捕获大气中的二氧化碳（CO2），并将其锁定几千年。)”可知，雅各布森在第二段强调了地球科学在实现气候目标上的潜在作用。故选C项。【13题详析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Thechemicalweathering(风化)ofrocksisanaturalphenomenonthattransformsatmosphericCO2intoastablemineralform.WhenCO2dissolvesinwater,itcreatesasubstancethatcanbreakdownrocks.ThistransformationreleaseselementsfromcertainrocksandchangesCO2intoastableform.Overtime,theseelementscombinetoformmineralsthatarethebuildingblocksofmanynaturalstructuresandrocks.Thistransformationhelpstolockcarboninasolidform,whichplaysanimportantpartinstabilizingEarth’sclimateoverthelongterm.(岩石的化学风化作用是一种自然现象，它将大气中的二氧化碳转化为稳定的矿物形式。当二氧化碳溶于水时，它会产生一种可以分解岩石的物质。这种转变从某些岩石中释放出元素，并将二氧化碳转变为稳定的形式。随着时间的推移，这些元素结合形成矿物质，这些矿物质是许多自然结构和岩石的基石。这种转变有助于将碳锁定在固体形态，这在长期稳定地球气候方面起着重要作用。)”可知，第三段围绕岩石的化学风化展开，详细阐述了其过程——二氧化碳溶于水后生成的物质会分解岩石，这一过程释放岩石中的元素并将二氧化碳转化为稳定形态，这些元素又会结合形成矿物。整段核心是岩石化学风化的具体过程。故选A项。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段““Overmuchshorterhumantimescales,thisstableformofCO2actsasasinkforatmosphericCO2,”saysJacobson.Canwespeeduptheweatheringprocessandactivelyremovecarbonfromtheatmosphereatratesfastenoughtohelpreducetheimpactofmodernclimatechange?(雅各布森说：“在更短的人类时间尺度上，这种稳定形式的二氧化碳充当了大气中二氧化碳的汇。”我们能否加快风化过程，以足够快的速度主动从大气中去除碳，以帮助减少现代气候变化的影响？)”可知，第四段的问题是“我们能否加快风化过程，以足够快的速度主动从大气中清除碳，从而帮助减轻现代气候变化带来的影响？”。紧接着第五段就介绍了强化岩石风化这一策略，且后文还提及研究人员针对该策略展开实验。由此可见，这个问题的核心作用是引出后续的解决方案。故选C项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“ResearchersfromNorthwesternUniversityandtheChicagoBotanicGardenwillstudythecarboncapture(碳捕获)effectsofsoiladditivesonagriculturalfields.(来自西北大学和芝加哥植物园的研究人员将研究土壤添加剂对农田的碳捕获效应。)”可知，文章开篇就点明研究人员要研究土壤添加剂在农田中的碳捕获效果，后文围绕岩石风化（土壤添加剂相关）展开，介绍其碳捕获原理，还提到将不同类型岩石加入农作物土壤的实验。核心围绕农田土壤中添加物质实现碳捕获展开。由此可知，B选项“农业是碳捕获的关键吗？”贴合文章以农田为场景研究碳捕获的核心内容，是最适合的标题。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Perfectionismisoftencharacterizedbythepersistentpursuitofexcellenceandthesettingofexceptionallyhighstandards.Itisapositivequality,especiallyformanyprofessions,sayapilotorabrainsurgeon.____16____.Manymedicalandmentalhealthchallengesarerootedinperfectionism.Herearetipstoeaseuponyourself.Seeyourselfbeyondyourachievements____17____.However,it’snaturaltofeelbadordisappointedwhenfallingshortofyourgoals.Ourvalueisnotdefinedonlybyourexcellentperformance.Weareourrelationships,ourinterestsandourenjoymentoflife.Makeself-compassion(自我同情)easierSelf-compassionisoftendescribedastalkingtoyourselflikeagoodfriend.Self-compassioncanbeonewordoraphrase:“Easy”,“Gentle”,“You’reOK”.Self-compassioncanbeactions:threedeepbreaths,askingforhelportakingabreak.Itcanalsobepermissionnottodoallthethingsyouexpectofyourself.____18____.Tonedown(使······柔和)yourinnercriticThoseofuswhoaimhightakeourcommitmentsandourresponsibilitiesseriously.Thesameattitudecanextendtoourownthoughts.Whenwethink“I’mnotgoodenough”,or“I’mfallingshort”,wetreatthemasfact.Butactually,they’rejustthoughts.____19____.Butthatdoesn’tmeanwehavetotakeeverythoughtseriouslyandliterally.____20____Self-improvementfeelsgood,butresisttheurgetoturnyourleisuretimeintoanotherproject.Youdon’thavetobuildaskill,learnsomethingnew,ordosomethinggoodforyouallthetime.Improvementandpersonaldevelopmentareimportant,butsoarepleasureandenjoyment.A.DaretobeunproductiveB.AllowyourselftoreflectC.Somepeoplenaturallytendtobeself-criticalD.Youdon’thavetoloweryourstandardsorbelessdrivenE.Itcantipoverintounhealthybehaviorifleftunchecked,thoughF.ThiscouldmeanskippingthegymforsleepwhenyouarewornoutG.We’reproudofgoodgrades,anexcellentjobrevieworhittingourworkoutgoals【答案】16.E17.G18.F19.C20.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文指出完美主义虽有积极面，但失控会引发健康问题，还给出四个缓解建议：正视自身价值、学会自我同情、缓和自我批评、敢于适度“无所事事”。【16题详析】根据上文“Perfectionismisoftencharacterizedbythepersistentpursuitofexcellenceandthesettingofexceptionallyhighstandards.Itisapositivequality,especiallyformanyprofessions,sayapilotorabrainsurgeon.(完美主义通常表现为对卓越的不懈追求以及设定极高的标准。这是一种积极的品质，尤其对于许多职业而言，比如飞行员或脑外科医生等)”以及后文“Manymedicalandmentalhealthchallengesarerootedinperfectionism.Herearetipstoeaseuponyourself.(许多身体和心理方面的健康问题都源于过度追求完美。以下是一些帮助你放松自己的建议)”可知，前文说完美主义是积极品质，空后转折提到它会引发健康问题，E项“但如果不加约束，它可能会陷入不健康的行为”承上启下，衔接自然。故选E。【17题详析】根据后文“However,it’snaturaltofeelbadordisappointedwhenfallingshortofyourgoals.Ourvalueisnotdefinedonlybyourexcellentperformance.Weareourrelationships,ourinterestsandourenjoymentoflife.(然而，当未能达成目标时，感到沮丧或失望是很正常的。我们的价值并不仅仅由出色的表现来定义。我们的价值在于我们的关系、我们的兴趣以及我们对生活的享受)”可知，空后讲“未达目标时难过很正常”，G项“我们为好成绩、优秀工作评价或达成健身目标而自豪”呼应“成就”，与后文形成转折逻辑。故选G。【18题详析】根据上文“Self-compassionisoftendescribedastalkingtoyourselflikeagoodfriend.Self-compassioncanbeonewordoraphrase:“Easy”,“Gentle”,“You’reOK”.Self-compassioncanbeactions:threedeepbreaths,askingforhelportakingabreak.Itcanalsobepermissionnottodoallthethingsyouexpectofyourself.(自我同情通常被描述为像对待好朋友那样与自己交流。自我同情可以是一个词或一个短语：比如“简单”“温和”“你没问题”。自我同情也可以是行动：做三次深呼吸、寻求帮助或者休息一下。它还可以是允许自己不必去做那些你期望自己完成的事情)”可知，前文举例自我同情的具体做法，F项“这可能意味着疲惫时放弃健身去睡觉”是对“允许自己不做所有期待之事”的具体举例，衔接紧密。故选F。【19题详析】根据后文“Butthatdoesn’tmeanwehavetotakeeverythoughtseriouslyandliterally.(但这并不意味着我们必须对每一个想法都认真地、字面地去对待)”可知，空后围绕“内心批评者”展开，C项“有些人天生倾向于自我批评”引出话题，且与后文“认为‘自己不够好’是想法而非事实”呼应。故选C。【20题详析】根据后文“Self-improvementfeelsgood,butresisttheurgetoturnyourleisuretimeintoanotherproject.Youdon’thavetobuildaskill,learnsomethingnew,ordosomethinggoodforyouallthetime.Improvementandpersonaldevelopmentareimportant,butsoarepleasureandenjoyment.(自我提升的感觉很棒，但要克制住将休闲时间也用于其他事务的冲动。你不必一直去培养一项技能、学习新知识或者做对自己有益的事情。提升自我和进行个人发展固然重要，但快乐和享受也同样重要)”可知，空后强调“不必把闲暇时间变成任务，享受快乐也很重要”，A项“敢于‘无所事事’”概括该段核心，作为段落主旨句最合适。故选A。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Oneday,JuliCobbwasdrivinghomefromwork.However,hercar____21____gasandstoppedinthemiddleoftheroadnearacrowdedhomelessencampmentundera(n)____22____.Cobbsaid,“Iwassittingthereso____23____andanxious.”Thenamanfromunderthebridge____24____Cobbandofferedassistance.Cobb____25____whathadhappened.Asthesteering(转向装置)was____26____andthecarwouldn’tmoving,themantriedtopushitsingle-handedly.Thentwoothermenranovertohelp.Oneman,carefulnotto____27____Cobb,askedwhetherhecouldreachthroughthewindowtocheckthesteeringcolumn.WithCobb’s____28____,hemanagedtounlockit.Allthewhile,vehiclesswerved(急转弯)aroundtoavoidhittingthem.Atonepoint,thegroupeven____29____alongtractortrailer(挂车)tochangelanes.____30____,thethreemenwereabletomovehercartosafety.Thefirstmanthen____31____togetgaswithhisfuelcanandCobbgavehimsomemoney.Whilehewasgone,oneofthemenstayedbyherside,____32____herthatitwasadangerousplace.Thereweresomepeoplethatwould____33____suchasituation.Cobbneverhadtostepoutofhercar.Beforelong,thefirstmanreturnedwithgasandshewas____34____ofgettingthecarstarted.The____35____ofthethreemenhaslongstayedwithCobb.21.A.ranoutof B.madeuseof C.figuredout D.tookover22.A.agreement B.umbrella C.bridge D.tree23.A.determined B.annoyed C.passionate D.powerless24.A.approached B.rescued C.contacted D.recognized25.A.identified B.described C.witnessed D.expected26.A.designed B.held C.stolen D.locked27.A.mention B.alarm C.ignore D.judge28.A.focus B.test C.permission D.personality29.A.directed B.allowed C.forced D.commanded30.A.Indeed B.Generally C.Eventually D.Moreover31.A.pretended B.forgot C.begged D.volunteered32.A.remarking B.warning C.promising D.appreciating33.A.dealwith B.callfor C.takeadvantageof D.takechargeof34.A.capable B.frightened C.aware D.ashamed35.A.relief B.ambition C.reminder D.generosity【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.A25.B26.D27.B28.C29.A30.C31.D32.B33.C34.A35.D【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Cobb开车时车耗尽汽油且方向盘锁住，被困桥下流浪者营地旁，三名男子主动帮忙推车、解锁、买汽油，他们的慷慨助人让Cobb铭记于心。【21题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，她的车没油了，停在了一座桥下一个拥挤的流浪者营地附近的路中间。A.ranoutof用完；B.madeuseof利用；C.figuredout弄清楚；D.tookover接管。根据后文“togetgaswithhisfuelcan”可知，她的车突然没油了，故选A。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，她的车没油了，停在了一座桥下一个拥挤的流浪者营地附近的路中间。A.agreement协议；B.umbrella雨伞；C.bridge桥梁；D.tree树。根据后文“Thenamanfromunderthebridge”可知，车停在一座桥下。故选C。【23题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科布说：“我当时坐在那里，感到无比无助和焦虑。”A.determined坚定的；B.annoyed生气的；C.passionate热情的；D.powerless无力的。根据后文“andanxious”可知，因为车子发动不了，感到无比无助和焦虑。故选D。【24题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随后，桥下有个男子走上前来，向科布伸出了援手。A.approached靠近；B.rescued救援；C.contacted联系；D.recognized认出。根据后文“Cobbandofferedassistance”可知，男子靠近，向科布伸出了援手。故选A。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：科布讲述了所发生的事情。A.identified识别；B.described讲述，描述；C.witnessed目击；D.expected期待。根据后文“whathadhappened”可知，科布讲述了所发生的事情。故选B。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于方向盘被锁住了，汽车无法移动，于是这名男子试图单人推车。A.designed设计；B.held举行；C.stolen偷窃；D.locked锁住。后文提到“managedtounlockit”，说明此处方向盘是锁着的，故选D。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名男子小心翼翼地没有惊动科布，他询问自己是否能够从窗户伸出手去检查一下转向柱。A.mention提及；B.alarm使惊慌；C.ignore忽视；D.judge判断。根据上文“Oneman,carefulnotto”可知，男人小心翼翼的动作，是为了不让科布惊慌，故选B。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在科布的允许下，他终于成功将其打开了。A.focus集中；B.test测试；C.permission允许；D.personality个性。根据上文“askedwhetherhecouldreachthroughthewindowtocheckthesteeringcolumn”可知，男人要伸手进车窗检查，需要得到科布的允许，故选C。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，这个团队甚至指挥一辆长长的牵引式挂车改变了车道。A.directed指导；B.allowed允许；C.forced迫使；D.commanded要求。根据后文“alongtractortrailertochangelanes”可知，他们需要指挥长拖车变道以避免危险，故选A。【30题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，这三个人成功地将她的汽车移至安全地带。A.Indeed确实；B.Generally通常；C.Eventually最后；D.Moreover此外。根据后文“thethreemenwereabletomovehercartosafety”可知，此处表示最终的结果——三人成功把车移到安全处，故选C。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随后，第一个男子主动提出用他的汽油桶去取汽油，科布给了他一些钱。A.pretended假装；B.forgot忘记；C.begged恳求；D.volunteered自愿。根据后文“togetgaswithhisfuelcan”可知，男人主动提出用自己的油桶去买汽油，“自愿”符合其乐于助人的形象，故选D。【32题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他离开期间，其中一名男子一直守在她身旁，向她警告说这里是个危险的地方。A.remarking评论；B.warning警告；C.promising承诺；D.appreciating欣赏。根据“itwasadangerousplace”可知男人是在警告科布，故选B。【33题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一些人会趁此机会谋取私利。A.dealwith处理；B.callfor呼叫；C.takeadvantageof利用；D.takechargeof负责。根据后文“suchasituation”可知，男人提醒科布这里危险，是因为有人可能会利用这种情况（趁火打劫），故选C。【34题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没过多久，第一个男人就带着汽油回来了，于是她终于能够启动汽车了。A.capable有能力的；B.frightened害怕的；C.aware意识到的；D.ashamed羞愧的。根据上文“Beforelong,thefirstmanreturnedwithgas”可知，男人带回汽油后，科布就能启动车了，“becapableof”表示“能够”，故选A。【35题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这三个人的慷慨大方给科布留下了深刻的印象。A.relief安慰；B.ambition抱负；C.reminder提醒物；D.generosity慷慨。三人主动帮助科布，体现的是他们的“慷慨助人”，这份品质让科布铭记，其他选项均不符合主旨。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinesescientistshavemadetheworld’s____36____(one)ultra-highparallelopticalcomputingintegratedchip(超高并行光计算集成芯片).Thischipcanreach____37____peakof2560TOPS(TeraOperationsPerSecond)witha50GHzopticalclockspeed.ResearchersfromtheShanghaiInstituteofOpticsandFineMechanicsdesignedandmadethechipby____38____(they).Ithasalargebandwidthandlowloss,whichmakesitvery____39____(power).Onekeyinnovationisusingsolitonmicrocombsources(孤子微梳源),____40____provideover100wavelengthchannels.“Wehaveachievedinformationinteractionandcomputationwithover1