山东省名校考试联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期期中检测英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省名校考试联盟2025-2026学年高三上学期期中检测英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheGreatBritishBucketListwasfoundedbyaward-winningbloggersMaccaSherifiandChloeGunning.After5yearsrunningtheirsuccessfultravelblogs,AnAdventurousWorldandWanderlustChloe,theylaunchedthissitein2020,toshinealightontheirhomecountryofGreatBritain.Englandinautumnisfullofamazingthingstodo.Let’sdiveinandfindoutmore.PaddleboardonLakeWindermereOneofthebestwaystoenjoyLakeWindermere,thelargestlakeinthecountry,isbygettingoutonthewater.Paddleboardingispopularandthereareplentyofshopswhereyoucanrentcrafts.It’sasupercalmwaytotakeinthisamazingpartoftheLakeDistrictNationalPark.SeethechangingcoloursintheNewForestIfyouwanttogoongorgeoushikesandbesurroundedbythechangingcoloursthatcomewithEnglandinAutumn,youneedtoheadtotheNewForestNationalPark.It’sagreatplacetohike,wander,orcycle,withatonoftrailsthatrangefrombeginnerallthewaytoadvance.ExploreWestonbirtArboretumOneofthebestplacestoseetheautumnfoliage(叶)changeistheWestonbirtArboretuminGloucestershire.Fullofover2,500differentspeciesoftrees,thereissomuchtoseeanddo,makingittheperfectplaceforafamilywalkoragetawayinthecountryside.Ifyou’relookingforagreatplacetotakephotosoftheautumncolors,you’llbehard-pressedtofindabetterplacetovisit!TakeinthefireworksdisplaysonBonfireNightHeldonthe5thNovembereverysingleyearinLondon,BonfireNightcelebratesthefailedGunpowderPlot.Hugebonfiresareheldallaroundandthey’recappedoffwithvibrantfireworkdisplays.SomeofthebiggestareinthecapitaldownbytheRiverThames,whereyouwillbefascinatedbythefallcharm.1.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthesite?A.Ithasbeenrunforadecade.B.Itsfoundersareaccomplished.C.Itwassetupearlierthantheblog.D.Itwasestablishedtopublicizehiking.2.Whereshallafanofphotographyandnaturego?A.LakeWindermere.B.TheNewForestNationalPark.C.WestonbirtArboretum.D.BonfireNightinLondon.3.Whatdotherecommendedactivitieshaveincommon?A.Theyarecenteredaroundwatersports.B.Theyaresuitableforfamilyparticipation.C.Theyrequireahighlevelofphysicalfitnesstoparticipate.D.Theyallowpeopletoengagewiththenaturalautumnscenery.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国秋季值得体验的活动和景点。【1题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“TheGreatBritishBucketListwasfoundedbyaward-winningbloggersMaccaSherifiandChloeGunning.After5yearsrunningtheirsuccessfultravelblogs,AnAdventurousWorldandWanderlustChloe,theylaunchedthissitein2020,toshinealightontheirhomecountryofGreatBritain.(TheGreatBritishBucketList由屡获殊荣的博主MaccaSherifi和ChloeGunning创立。在成功运营了他们的旅游博客AnAdventurousWorld和WanderlustChloe五年后，他们于2020年推出了这个网站，以照亮他们的祖国英国。)”可知，这个网站的创建者是经验丰富且成就斐然的博主。故选B。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据ExploreWestonbirtArboretum部分中“Oneofthebestplacestoseetheautumnfoliage(叶)changeistheWestonbirtArboretuminGloucestershire.Fullofover2,500differentspeciesoftrees,thereissomuchtoseeanddo,makingittheperfectplaceforafamilywalkoragetawayinthecountryside.Ifyou’relookingforagreatplacetotakephotosoftheautumncolors,you’llbehard-pressedtofindabetterplacetovisit!(观赏秋叶变化的最佳地点之一是格洛斯特郡的韦斯顿伯特植物园。这里有超过2500种不同的树木，有很多可看可做的事情，是家庭散步或乡村度假的理想之地。如果你正在寻找一个拍摄秋色的好地方，你将很难找到一个更好的地方去参观！)”可知，喜欢摄影和自然的人应该去WestonbirtArboretum。故选C。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Englandinautumnisfullofamazingthingstodo.Let’sdiveinandfindoutmore.(秋天的英格兰充满了令人惊叹的活动。让我们深入探索，了解更多详情。)”、PaddleboardonLakeWindermere部分中“Paddleboardingispopularandthereareplentyofshopswhereyoucanrentcrafts.It’sasupercalmwaytotakeinthisamazingpartoftheLakeDistrictNationalPark.(桨板运动很受欢迎，有很多商店可以租桨板。这是一种超级平静的方式来欣赏湖区国家公园这个令人惊叹的地方。)”、SeethechangingcoloursintheNewForest部分中“IfyouwanttogoongorgeoushikesandbesurroundedbythechangingcoloursthatcomewithEnglandinAutumn,youneedtoheadtotheNewForestNationalPark.(如果你想进行华丽的徒步旅行，并被英国秋天带来的变化色彩所包围，你需要前往新森林国家公园。)”、ExploreWestonbirtArboretum部分中“Oneofthebestplacestoseetheautumnfoliage(叶)changeistheWestonbirtArboretuminGloucestershire.(观赏秋叶变化的最佳地点之一是格洛斯特郡的韦斯顿伯特植物园。)”以及最后一段中“SomeofthebiggestareinthecapitaldownbytheRiverThames,whereyouwillbefascinatedbythefallcharm.(其中一些最大的烟花表演在首都泰晤士河畔举行，在那里，你会被秋天的魅力深深吸引。)”可知，这些活动都让人们能够接触并欣赏到英国秋季的自然景色。故选D。BDavidSaroni,anamethatisbecomingincreasinglysynonymouswithsustainablefarming,ispioneeringamovementtowardsenvironmentallyfriendlyandsustainableagriculturalpractices.Asadedicatedfarmer,Saroniisnotjusttendingtohiscropsandlivestockbutalsotothefutureofourplanet.AtthecoreofSaroni’sphilosophyliesadeepunderstandingoftheimpactoffarmingontheenvironment.Recognizingthattraditionalfarmingmethodsoftenleadtosoildegradation,waterdepletion,andbiodiversityloss,Saronihastakenadifferentpath.Heintegratesprinciplesofecologyandconservationintohisfarmingroutine,promotingpracticesthatmaintainthehealthofthelandwhileproducinghigh-quality,nutritiousproduce.OneofthemostsignificantstepsSaronihastakenistheadoptionofregenerativeagriculturalpractices.Thisapproachgoesbeyondsustainability;itactivelyimprovestheecosystem.Bypracticingcroprotation,maintainingcovercrops,andutilizingcompost(堆肥)andnaturalfertilizers,Saroni’sfarmworksinharmonywithnature,aidingincarbonsequestration(封存)andsoilfertilityenhancement.Inanerawherewaterscarcityisagrowingconcern,Saronihasputaspotlightonwaterconservation.Employingdripirrigationandrainwaterharvestingtechniques,hehasmanagedtoreducewaterusagedramaticallyonhisfarm.Thesemethodsensurethatcropsreceivethepreciseamountofwatertheyneed,minimizingwasteandpreservingthispreciousresource.Aquestionthatoftenarisesiswhethersustainablefarmingcanbeasproductiveasconventionalmethods.Saroni’sfarmservesasatestamenttothefactthatsustainablepracticescanleadtobothhighyieldandsuperiorquality.Throughsoilcareandnaturalpestmanagement,Saronihasshownthatitispossibletoproduceabundant,healthycropswithoutrelyingonharmfulchemicals.DavidSaroni’scommitmenttosustainabledevelopmentdoesnotendathisfarmgates.Heisactivelyinvolvedineducatingthecommunityaboutthebenefitsofsustainableagriculture.Byhostingworkshops,farmtours,andspeakingatevents,Saroniisspreadingthewordandinspiringotherstofollowinhisfootsteps,pavingthewayforagreener,moresustainablefutureinfarming.4.WhatconcernsDavidSaroniintermsoffarming?A.Cropsandlivestock. B.Methodsandpractices.C.Qualityoftheproduce. D.Sustainabilityoffarming.5.WhatistheadvantageofSaroni’smeasure?A.Reducingchemicalwaste. B.Improvingtheecosystem.C.Maintainingcertaincrops. D.Enhancingcarboninsoil.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“yield”inparagraph5mean?A.Production. B.Profit.C.Conservation. D.Development.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeDavidSaroni?A.Courageousanddevoted.B.Innovativeandcommitted.C.Educationalandresponsible.D.Knowledgeableandinspiring.【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了致力于可持续农业发展的农民DavidSaroni，他通过采用再生农业实践和水资源保护等措施，在保持土地健康的同时生产出高质量、有营养的农产品，还积极教育社区推广可持续农业。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“DavidSaroni,anamethatisbecomingincreasinglysynonymouswithsustainablefarming,ispioneeringamovementtowardsenvironmentallyfriendlyandsustainableagriculturalpractices.Asadedicatedfarmer,Saroniisnotjusttendingtohiscropsandlivestockbutalsotothefutureofourplanet.(DavidSaroni这个名字越来越成为可持续农业的代名词，他正在开创一场走向环保和可持续农业实践的运动。作为一名敬业的农民，Saroni不仅照料着他的庄稼和牲畜，还照料着我们地球的未来)”可知，DavidSaroni关注的是农业的可持续性。故选D项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“OneofthemostsignificantstepsSaronihastakenistheadoptionofregenerativeagriculturalpractices.Thisapproachgoesbeyondsustainability;itactivelyimprovestheecosystem.(Saroni采取的最重要的措施之一是采用再生农业实践。这种方法超越了可持续性；它积极改善生态系统)”可知，Saroni的措施的优势是改善生态系统。故选B项。【6题详析】词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Aquestionthatoftenarisesiswhethersustainablefarmingcanbeasproductiveasconventionalmethods.Saroni’sfarmservesasatestamenttothefactthatsustainablepracticescanleadtobothhighyieldandsuperiorquality.(人们经常提出的一个问题是，可持续农业是否能像传统方法那样富有成效。Saroni的农场证明了可持续实践既能带来高yield，又能保证高质量)”可知，本段讨论的是可持续农业的生产力，由此可推断出，划线词yield意为“产量”，与A项“Production”意思相近。故选A项。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“DavidSaroni,anamethatisbecomingincreasinglysynonymouswithsustainablefarming,ispioneeringamovementtowardsenvironmentallyfriendlyandsustainableagriculturalpractices.(DavidSaroni这个名字越来越成为可持续农业的代名词，他正在开创一场走向环保和可持续农业实践的运动)”和最后一段中“DavidSaroni’scommitmenttosustainabledevelopmentdoesnotendathisfarmgates.Heisactivelyinvolvedineducatingthecommunityaboutthebenefitsofsustainableagriculture.(DavidSaroni对可持续发展的奉献远不止于自家农场。他积极投身社区教育，向公众传播可持续农业的益处)”可知，DavidSaroni开创了可持续农业运动，并且投身社区教育，传播可持续农业的益处，由此可推断出，他具有创新精神和有奉献精神。故选B项。CEverwonderedhowsocialmediaplatformsdecidehowtofillourfeeds?Theyusealgorithms(算法),ofcourse,buthowdothesealgorithmswork?In2021,FrancesHaugen,aFacebookproductmanagersecretlytooktenthousandpagesofdocumentsandinternalmessagesoutofFacebookheadquarters.Sheleakedthesetoahandfulofmediaoutlets.Alotofstoriessoonran,largelyfocusingonthemostalarming,attention-grabbingsecrets.ItturnsoutthatFacebookengineershaveassignedapointvaluetoeachtypeofengagementuserscanperformonapost(liking,commenting,resharing,etc.).Facebook’salgorithmcalculatesapersonalizedscoreforeachposttodetermineitsplaceinthefeed.Thisscoreisgotbymultiplyingtheprobabilityyou’llperformeachengagement—likes,loves,etc.—byitspre-assignedpointvalue,thensummingtheseproducts.Postsarethenrankedfromhighesttolowestscore,creatingyourtailoredfeed.Thenthemagicformulais:Score=Vlike×Plike+Vlove×Plove+Vangry×Pangry+Vcomment×Pcomment+Vshare×Pshare.Theideaisthatthealgorithmwantstosurfacethepostsyou’remostlikelytoengagewith.HaveyoueverseenaTikTokvideowithoverlaidtextsayingsomethinglike“Youwon’tbelievewhathappens,”or“You’vegottawatchtilltheend?”Somepeoplepostvideoswhereliterallynothinghappens,buttheytrickyouintowatchingmultipletimes,therebywinningevenmoreexpectedseconds.Commentsandsecondswatched,nomatterwhatqualityandkind,tellTikTok’salgorithmonething:“Givememorevideoslikethis.”Socialmediaalgorithmsbringthethingsweengagewithcloserandcloser.Oncewestartclickingthesocialmedia,we’regoingtobeservedupalotmoreofit.It’sacruelcyclethatcanquicklyturnourfeedsintoendlessstreamsofdigitaltrash.Knowinghowandwhythiscyclehappensisthefirststeptostopit.Justremember:thetechcompanieschoosetheVsinthesocialmediaformula,butthePsareshapedbyyouractionsonline.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph1indicate?A.Thesocialmediawereaffected. B.Theleakwentviralimmediately.C.ThemanagerhatedFacebookalot. D.Thesecretwasaneye-catchingevent.9.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.WhyFacebookdesignedaformula. B.HowFacebookdeterminesourfeeds.C.Howtheformulawascreatedcarefully. D.Whyusershavetobecautiousaboutposts.10.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotelluswiththeTikTokexample?A.Algorithmsaresmarttotrackeverything.B.Evenunintentionalwatchcantellaboutourlikes.C.Somepeoplewilldoeverythingtoattractattention.D.TikTokhasmorepowerfulalgorithmsthanFacebook.11.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodo?A.Focusonthepositivevideosonly. B.Engagelesswiththecontentwehate.C.Commentmoreonwhatweappreciate. D.Mindourresponsestowhatisfedtous.【答案】8.D9.B10.B11.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章解释社交媒体平台靠算法，依据用户互动行为打分排序生成个性化信息流，以TikTok为例说明部分人为吸睛迎合算法，指出这易致信息冗余，建议关注自身在线行为。【8题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“In2021,FrancesHaugen,aFacebookproductmanagersecretlytooktenthousandpagesofdocumentsandinternalmessagesoutofFacebookheadquarters.Sheleakedthesetoahandfulofmediaoutlets.(2021年，Facebook的产品经理弗朗西斯·哈根秘密从公司总部获取了一万页的文件和内部消息。她将这些内容泄露给了几家媒体机构)”以及后文“largelyfocusingonthemostalarming,attention-grabbingsecrets.(主要聚焦于那些最令人震惊、最引人注目的秘密)”可知，秘密泄露，成为了一个引人注目的事件。第一段中划线部分所表达的意思是这个秘密是一个引人注目的事件。故选D。【9题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“ItturnsoutthatFacebookengineershaveassignedapointvaluetoeachtypeofengagementuserscanperformonapost(liking,commenting,resharing,etc.).Facebook’salgorithmcalculatesapersonalizedscoreforeachposttodetermineitsplaceinthefeed.Thisscoreisgotbymultiplyingtheprobabilityyou’llperformeachengagement—likes,loves,etc.—byitspre-assignedpointvalue,thensummingtheseproducts.Postsarethenrankedfromhighesttolowestscore,creatingyourtailoredfeed.Thenthemagicformulais:Score=Vlike×Plike+Vlove×Plove+Vangry×Pangry+Vcomment×Pcomment+Vshare×Pshare.(事实证明，Facebook的工程师已经为用户在帖子上可以进行的每种互动行为（点赞、评论、转发等）赋予了相应的分值。Facebook的算法会为每条帖子计算出一个个性化的得分，以确定其在信息流中的位置。这个得分是通过将你执行每种互动行为（点赞、喜爱、等）的概率与其预先设定的分值相乘，然后将这些乘积相加得到的。随后，帖子会按照得分从高到低进行排序，从而形成符合您个人偏好的信息流。接下来是这个神奇的公式：得分=欢迎度×欢迎度概率+喜爱度×喜爱度概率+愤怒度×愤怒度概率+评论度×评论度概率+转发度×转发度概率)”可知，第二段主要讲的是脸书如何决定我们的信息推送内容。故选B。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Somepeoplepostvideoswhereliterallynothinghappens,buttheytrickyouintowatchingmultipletimes,therebywinningevenmoreexpectedseconds.Commentsandsecondswatched,nomatterwhatqualityandkind,tellTikTok’salgorithmonething:“Givememorevideoslikethis.”(有些人在网上发布的视频内容其实毫无情节可言，但他们却设法让你反复观看，这样一来就能获得更多的预期观看时间。无论是评论还是观看秒数，无论其质量如何、内容为何，都向TikTok的算法传达了一个信息：“给我更多像这样的视频。”)”可知，作者通过TikTok这个例子想要告诉我们无意识的观看行为也能反映出我们的喜好。故选B。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Knowinghowandwhythiscyclehappensisthefirststeptostopit.Justremember:thetechcompanieschoosetheVsinthesocialmediaformula,butthePsareshapedbyyouractionsonline.(了解这个循环是如何发生以及为何会发生是阻止它的第一步。只需记住：科技公司决定了社交媒体公式中的“V”项，但“P”项则由你的在线行为所塑造)”可知，作者建议我们要留意自己对所接收信息的反应。故选D。DEveryonereliesonbias—otherwiseknownascognitive(认知的)shortcuts—intheirdailylives.Forexample,imagineyou’rescrollingthroughyoursocialmediafeedandimmediatelydismissanewsarticlebecauseitcomesfromasourceyoudon’ttypicallytrust.Thisscenariohighlightshowautomaticandunconsciousthementalprocesscanbe.Thesebiasesaren’tcharacterflaws.Thousandsofyearsago,thistypeofquickdecision-makingensuredthesafetyofancienthumans.Althoughthesementalshortcutsserveduswelllongago,theydon’talwaystranslatewelltoourcomplexmodernworld.Forseveraldecades,psychologyresearchershavebeentestinginterventionstohelppeoplebecomeawareofandminimizetheirbiases.AnewsystematicreviewpublishedinNatureHumanBehaviouroffersthemostcomprehensiveanalysisofbiastrainingtodate.Researcherscombinedresultsfrom54randomizedcontrolledtrialsinvolvingnearly11,000studentstodeterminewhethereducationalinterventionscanreducecognitivebiases.Thestudiesusedawiderangeofapproaches,includinggames,onlinesimulations,classroominstruction,video-basedtraining,andgroupdiscussions.Theanalysisfoundthattheseinterventionsledtoasmallbutsignificantreductioninbiasedthinking.Themostsuccessfulinterventionsfromthestudiesfocusedonteachingspecificcognitivestrategiestoneutralize(中立化)particularbiases.Thesestrategiesincludeactivelyseekingoutcontradictoryevidencewhenevaluatingaclaimandusingstructuredcheckliststoavoidjumpingtoconclusions.Interestingly,theresearchrevealedthatsomebiasesarehardertoavoidthanothers.Forexample,peoplearemorelikelytoclingtostereotypes(成见),suchasassumingthatsomeonewhowearsglassesandreadsalotisalibrarian.Itremainsunclearwhethertheselessonstransferbeyondtheclassroom;justbecausesomeonecanavoidconfirmationbiasinanonlinetestdoesn’tmeantheywillusethoseskillsintherealworld.Researcherssaidthisgapbetweenlaboratoryperformanceandreal-worldapplicationrepresentsthenextfrontierinbiasresearch.Thisfieldisimportantbecausecognitivebiasescanhavefar-reachingconsequencesinmodernsociety,influencingmedicaldiagnoses,publicpolicydecisions,elections,andmore.Thetake-homemessage:Thisreviewprovidessolidevidencethatbiasreductionispossible.12.Howdidbiashelpancienthumans?A.Strengthenmentalprocess. B.Makequickandsafedecisions.C.Improveunconsciouslearning. D.Enhancesocialcommunication.13.Whichmethodismosteffectiveforlesseningspecificbiases?A.Havinggroupdiscussions. B.Watchinganinstructionalvideo.C.Thinkingcriticallyaboutanevent. D.Conductingvideo-basedexperiments.14.Whatremainsamajorchallengeinbiasresearchaccordingtothetext?A.Thelackofresearchfunding. B.Theabsenceofeffectivetools.C.Thegapbetweenlabandreality. D.Theunwillingnessofparticipants.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ScientistsFindNewWaystoTrainOurBrainsB.BiasTrainingProvesIneffectiveinNewStudyC.StereotypesRemaintheBiggestChallengeforSocietyD.EvidenceGrowsThatCognitiveBiasCanBeReduced【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章指出认知偏见是日常认知捷径，曾助力古人快速避险但适应不了现代社会，一项新研究显示相关干预能减少偏见，同时提及部分偏见难消除及实验室与现实应用的差距。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thousandsofyearsago,thistypeofquickdecision-makingensuredthesafetyofancienthumans.(数千年前，这种迅速做出决策的方式保障了古人类的安全)”可知，偏见使古代人类能够迅速且安全地做出决策。故选B。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Themostsuccessfulinterventionsfromthestudiesfocusedonteachingspecificcognitivestrategiestoneutralize(中立化)particularbiases.Thesestrategiesincludeactivelyseekingoutcontradictoryevidencewhenevaluatingaclaimandusingstructuredcheckliststoavoidjumpingtoconclusions.(这些研究中最为成功的干预措施在于教授特定的认知策略，以消除特定的偏见。这些策略包括在评估某一论断时主动寻找与之相悖的证据，以及使用结构化的检查清单来避免匆忙下结论)”可知，对于减少特定的偏见而言，对某一事件进行批判性思考最为有效。故选C。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Researcherssaidthisgapbetweenlaboratoryperformanceandreal-worldapplicationrepresentsthenextfrontierinbiasresearch.(研究人员表示，实验室测试结果与实际应用效果之间的这种差异，是偏见研究领域的下一个重要课题)”可知，偏见研究中仍存在的一个主要挑战是实验室环境与实际情况之间的差距。故选C。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Everyonereliesonbias—otherwiseknownascognitive(认知的)shortcuts—intheirdailylives.Forexample,imagineyou’rescrollingthroughyoursocialmediafeedandimmediatelydismissanewsarticlebecauseitcomesfromasourceyoudon’ttypicallytrust.Thisscenariohighlightshowautomaticandunconsciousthementalprocesscanbe.(在日常生活中，每个人都会依赖某种偏见——也就是所谓的认知捷径。比如，想象一下你正在浏览自己的社交媒体动态，然后立刻就忽略了某篇新闻文章，因为它的来源是你通常不信任的。这种情景就很好地说明了这种思维过程是多么的自动且无意识)”结合文章指出认知偏见是日常认知捷径，曾助力古人快速避险但适配不了现代社会，一项新研究显示相关干预能减少偏见，同时提及部分偏见难消除及实验室与现实应用的差距。可知，D选项“有越来越多的证据表明认知偏见是可以减少的”最符合文章标题。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Wetendtorespectandevenidolizethosewhoexhibitalotofwillpower.Thatcolleaguewhomanagestostaycalmandfocusedinnearlyeverysituation.Thesocialmediainfluencerwhomaintainsaparticularlydecorated,camera-readyhome.____16____Researchsuggeststhatthesepeoplearenotonlyviewedastrustworthybutalsomorallysuperior.Howcanwemeremortals(凡人)compare?Itseemsthatsomearebornwithstrongerself-control.____17____Traditionally,psychologistshavedefinedself-controlastheabilitytowaitforlater,largerrewards.Butitcanalsobethoughtofasawaytoalteryourthoughts,feelingsandbehaviorstoreachaspecificgoal.Whenwehaveself-control,wecanresistunhealthyimpulsesandperseverewhenwefeellikequitting,expertssay.____18____Toimprovewillpower,itboilsdownto“justtryharder,”saidKentaroFujita,aprofessorofpsychologyatOhioStateUniversitywhostudiesself-regulationanddecisionmaking.____19____Preparation,mind-setandtheabilitytoeitheravoidorreframetemptation(诱惑)canbefarmoreeffectivethantryingto“forcethatdesiredown,”Dr.Fujitasaid.Therearemultiplestrategiesforimprovingself-control.Researchsuggeststhattryingseveralismoreeffectivethanpickingjustone.First,createroutines.Peoplewhoaregoodatself-controltendtostructuretheirlivesandavoidhavingtomakedecisionsinthemoment.Thiscouldbebyschedulingthesameactivityatthesametimeeachday.Second,monitoryourprogress.Keepnotestrackingwhatyouhavedoneeachdaytowardyourgoal.____20____Also,edityourinnercircle.Peoplewhosupportyouandliftyouupwillgiveyouagreatercapacityforself-control.A.Whatisself-controlandwhydoesitmatter?B.Thefriendwhohitsupthegymfivetimesaweek.C.Willpowershouldn’tbeconfusedwithself-control.D.Researchindicatesthatwillpoweristhebeststrategy.E.Andittakesbotheffortsandtimetodevelopwillpower.F.Butself-controlinvolvesasetofskillsthatcanbelearned.G.Monitoringistheeasiestandfastestwaytoimproveself-control.【答案】16.B17.A18.F19.E20.G【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章指出人们推崇有意志力的人，介绍了自控力的定义与作用，说明其虽有天生差异但可后天学习，还给出了建立习惯、监测进度等提升自控力的具体策略。【16题详析】根据上文“Wetendtorespectandevenidolizethosewhoexhibitalotofwillpower.Thatcolleaguewhomanagestostaycalmandfocusedinnearlyeverysituation.Thesocialmediainfluencerwhomaintainsaparticularlydecorated,camera-readyhome.(我们往往会尊重甚至崇拜那些展现出强大意志力的人。比如那位能够在各种情况下都保持冷静和专注的同事。还有那位拥有精心布置、随时准备拍照的家的社交媒体红人)”可知，前文列举了“冷静专注的同事”、“家居精致的网红”两类展现意志力的人，空格处需延续“举例”逻辑，补充同类人物。选项B“每周去五次健身房的朋友”符合“展现自控力/意志力”的举例场景，与前文结构一致，故选B。【17题详析】根据后文“Traditionally,psychologistshavedefinedself-controlastheabilitytowaitforlater,largerrewards.Butitcanalsobethoughtofasawaytoalteryourthoughts,feelingsandbehaviorstoreachaspecificgoal.Whenwehaveself-control,wecanresistunhealthyimpulsesandperseverewhenwefeellikequitting,expertssay.(传统上，心理学家将自我控制定义为能够等待更长远、更大的回报的能力。但也可以将其视为一种改变思想、情绪和行为的方式，以实现特定目标。专家表示，当我们拥有自我控制能力时，就能抵制不良冲动，并在想要放弃时坚持下去)”可知，空格后先介绍心理学家对自控力的传统定义，再补充其另一层含义，最后说明自控力的作用（抵抗冲动、坚持目标），核心围绕“自控力是什么”、“为什么重要”展开。选项A直接点明这两个核心问题，能总领后文内容，故选A。【18题详析】根据后文“Toimprovewillpower,itboilsdownto“justtryharder,”saidKentaroFujita,aprofessorofpsychologyatOhioStateUniversitywhostudiesself-regulationanddecisionmaking.(俄亥俄州立大学的心理学教授肯塔罗·富田表示，要增强意志力，关键在于“再努力一把”。他研究的是自我调节和决策制定方面的问题)”可知，前文提到“有些人天生自控力更强”，空格后转而介绍“提升意志力的方法”，需体现“天生有差异，但后天可学习”的转折逻辑。选项F“但自控力是一套可以学习的技能”既承接前文“天生差异”，又引出后文“提升策略”，衔接自然，故选F。【19题详析】根据上文“Toimprovewillpower,itboilsdownto“justtryharder,”saidKentaroFujita,aprofessorofpsychologyatOhioStateUniversitywhostudiesself-regulationanddecisionmaking.(俄亥俄州立大学的心理学教授肯塔罗·富田表示，要增强意志力，关键在于“再努力一把”。他研究的是自我调节和决策制定方面的问题)”以及后文“Preparation,mind-setandtheabilitytoeitheravoidorreframetemptation(诱惑)canbefarmoreeffectivethantryingto“forcethatdesiredown,”Dr.Fujitasaid.Therearemultiplestrategiesforimprovingself-control.Researchsuggeststhattryingseveralismoreeffectivethanpickingjustone.(富田博士表示，做好准备、调整心态以及能够避免或重新审视诱惑，往往比试图“压制这种欲望”要有效得多。改善自我控制能力的方法有很多。研究表明，尝试多种方法比只采用一种方法更为有效)”可知，前文提到“提升意志力归结为‘更努力’”，空格后补充“准备、心态、规避诱惑等比‘压制欲望’更有效”，需体现“努力之外，还需其他条件”的递进逻辑。选项E“培养意志力既需要努力也需要时间”既呼应前文“tryharder”，又为后文的“多元策略”做铺垫，故选E。【20题详析】根据上文“First,createroutines.Peoplewhoaregoodatself-controltendtostructuretheirlivesandavoidhavingtomakedecisionsinthemoment.Thiscouldbebyschedulingthesameactivityatthesametimeeachday.Second,monitoryourprogress.Keepnotestrackingwhatyouhavedoneeachdaytowardyourgoal.(首先，制定常规。善于自我控制的人往往会规划好自己的生活，避免在当下仓促做决定。这可以通过每天在同一时间进行相同的活动来实现。其次，监测自己的进展。记录每天朝着目标所完成的事情)”可知，前文提出“监测自己的进步”这一策略，空格处需进一步说明该策略的价值或作用，保持话题一致。选项G“监测是提升自控力最简单、最快的方式”直接呼应“monitoryourprogress”，强化该策略的有效性，故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Beforemeetingmy“Tinder”,Iwasanemotionallyisolated,cockyseniorexecutive.____21____aseeminglysuccessful25+yearsinmyprofessionalcareer,Iwasonthebrinkofemotionalbankruptcy.Thencamearippleintheuniverse.Myfriendaskedmefora____22____adoptingherdog,Twinkles,asmalllapdog.Ireluctantly____23____.Twinkleshadliveda(n)____24____existenceandhadneverevenwalkedongreengrass.Shewouldn’tgooutwithmeinitially,butI____25____heroutthedoor,knowingitwoulddoherandmegood.Aspecialbondandgrowingtrust____26____.Afterall,discomfortisoftentheexternal____27____neededtojump-startgrowth,andthatdaywasagoodbeginning!Happytimeflew!TwinklesandIhadtomovetoMedellin,Colombia.Ibelieveitwasagoodchancetochange.“AggressiveTom”wouldnotbe____28____tolerated;Ihadtobecome“GentleTom.”Relaxed,____29____,andcalm.Similarly,Twinkleswaspresentedwiththe____30____tobecome“TwinklesPrincess.”TwinklesandIsharedremarkable____31____,fromwalksinthelocalparkstoexploringthetransformativeneighborhoodofComuna13.Shewasanaturalstar,andhercharmeffortlessly____32____thelocals,fosteringconversationsthat____33____culturalgaps.Igraduallyhadasenseofbelonging.Afterthreeadventurousyears,wereturnedtoAmerica.“AggressiveTom”and“TimidTwinkles”were____34____by“GentleTom”and“TwinklesPrincess”,morepatient,empathetic,confident,andbrave.Wehaddonethingswedidn’twanttodo,weren’tsupposedtodo,andneverimaginedwecoulddo.Together,we____35____thejoyofdoingincrediblethings.21.A.With B.Despite C.Without D.Except22.A.favor B.gift C.tip D.permission23.A.rejected B.quit C.agreed D.replied24.A.isolated B.spoiled C.ruined D.sheltered25.A.dragged B.dropped C.threw D.shut26.A.changed B.suffered C.developed D.delivered27.A.force B.means C.value D.pressure28.A.limitlessly B.socially C.tirelessly D.normally29.A.adaptable B.reliable C.admirable D.adorable30.A.chance B.title C.award D.choice31.A.events B.experiences C.journeys D.achievements32.A.grewon B.tookafter C.drewin D.spoketo33.A.bridged B.expanded C.applauded D.identified34.A.greeted B.expected C.decided D.replaced35.A.celebrated B.communicated C.pictured D.interpreted【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.A26.C27.A28.B29.A30.A31.B32.C33.A34.D35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从情感孤僻到通过与小狗Twinkles的相处变得温柔、有同理心的转变过程。【