专题05动词的时态语态和主谓一致（知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练）（讲义）（原卷版）

专题05动词时态,语态和主谓一致目目录学考要求速览必备知识梳理高频考点精讲进阶分级练考点一动词的时态现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般体do/doesdidshall/willdoshould/woulddo进行体am/is/aredoingwas/weredoingshall/willbedoing完成体have/hasdonehaddone完成进行体have/hasbeendoinghadbeendoing1.一般体(1)一般现在时①表示经常性或习惯性的动作或叙述现在的状态。常用的时间状语有always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、every

day/week/month/year、now

and

then、from

time

to

time、once

a

week、at

times等②表示客观事实、真理、格言、警句或者自然现象等③表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为,只限于go、e、leave、start、stop、arrive等表示动作趋向性或移动意义的词④在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。引导此类从句的词有when、as、while、before、after、until、as

soon

as、the

moment、if、unless、once、as

long

as、on

condition

that等⑤以here、there开头的句子,动词用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态Heplaysbasketballeveryday.他每天都打篮球。Thefilmstartsattwoo’clock.电影两点钟开始。Theearthgoesroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you’llprobablyfindasolutionthatsuitseveryone.如果你从各个方面考虑问题，你可能会找到一个适合所有人的解决方案。Hereesthebus.公共汽车来了。(2)一般过去时①表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常用yesterday、last

year、the

other

day等作时间状语②时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。③在want、wonder、think、hope等少数几个动词后可用一般过去时表示婉转口气。表达“原以为;本来认为;原希望”等意义④It’s

time...、I

wish...、I’d

rather...等结构后面的that分句中以及在假设条件句中,用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反或者表示对将来事实的主观设想Weoftenplayedtogetherwhenwewerechildren.我们小时候经常在一起玩。Hesaidhewouldtellherthenewsassoonashemether.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner”.《健身》杂志最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢你的健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。(3)一般将来时①“shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。②“begoingto+动词原形”表示:①现在打算或计划将来要做的事情;②根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。③“beto+动词原形”表示:①预先安排好的计划或约定;②说话人的意志、意图、义务、命令等;③注定要发生的事情。④“beaboutto+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。Weshallbepunishedifwebreaktherule.如果我们违反规定，我们将受到惩罚。Mydaughterisgoingtoworknextyear.我女儿明年要工作了。TheyaretoattempttobethefirsttocircletheEarthnonstopbyballoon.他们将尝试成为第一个乘坐气球不间断绕地球一周的人。WillyoukindlyobeytheinstructionsIamabouttogive?你愿意服从我即将给出的指示吗？(4)过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,即过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态,常用于宾语从句中。Theysaidtheywouldgivethepolicetheirfullcooperation.【拓展】除“should/would+动词原形”外(第一人称通常用should,其他人称通常用would),过去将来时还有以下常见表达方式:was/weregoingtodo,was/wereabouttodo,was/weretodo,但是表示过去的某种习惯性动作时,常用woulddo/usedtodo。Ihadafeelingyouweregoingtohavedifficultydoingthis.我有预感你做这件事会有困难。Hewasabouttoofferanexplanationtothepolice.他正要向警方作解释。2.进行体(1)现在进行时①表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。②表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常用的这类动词有go,e,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear等。③表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与always,constantly,continually等副词连用)。Heislisteningtoatape,buthecan’thearitclearly.他在听磁带，但听不清楚。Heisleavingtomorrowtoplayhisfirstmatch.他明天就要出发参加他的第一场比赛了。WearealwaysfindingnewbeautiesinShakespeare’spoetry.我们总是在莎士比亚的诗歌中发现新的美。(2)过去进行时①表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作或者表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及atthattime,atthatmoment,atthistimeyesterday,atteno’clockyesterday等短语连用。②过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。③过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。Wewereplayingfootballatthistimeyesterdayafternoon.我们总是在莎士比亚的诗歌中发现新的美。SusanhadquitherwellpaidjobandwasworkingasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.去年我去拜访苏珊时，她已经辞去了高薪的工作，在附近做志愿者。Shewasalwaysarguingwithhimandfightingwithhim.她总是和他争论，和他打架。(3)将来进行时表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要从将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。常见的标志性的时间状语有thistimetomorrow,from1:30p.m.to4:30p.m.,thedayaftertomorrow等。Iwillbediscussingthesituationwithmycolleaguesthistimetomorrow.明天这个时候我将和我的同事讨论这个情况。3.完成体(1)现在完成时①表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在(甚至到将来)。常与之连用的时间状语有：lately，recently，inthelast(past)fewdays/years，sincethen，uptonow，sofar等。②表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果。常用的状语有：already，ever，just(刚刚)，yet等。③在“最高级+名词”或“It/Thisis+the+序数词+time”之后的从句中谓语动词常用现在完成时。Iwon’tpayyouuntilyouhavefinishedthisjob.在你完成这项工作之前，我不会付钱给你。ThisisthefirsttimeIhaveleftmycountryandsetfootonforeignsoil.这是我第一次离开祖国，踏上外国的土地。【易混辨析】havegoneto意为“去某地了”，表示此人现在还在那里没有回来。havebeento意为“去过某地”，表示此人已经回来了。(2)过去完成时①表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去。②表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作,常用的时间状语:bythen,bythattime,bytheendof,bythetime+句子等。③表示“愿望,打算”的动词(如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于过去完成时,表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。④在“hardly(scarcely)...when...”“nosooner...than...”句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时,意为“一……就……”。Hesaidthathehadbeenabroadfor3years.他说他在国外待了3年了。IhadhopedtoseemoreofShanghai.我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿)Hardly/NosoonerhadIgothomewhen/thantherainpoureddown.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。4.完成进行体现在完成进行时①表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作。②表示一个近期内一直重复发生、反复进行的动作。③现在完成进行时(have/hasbeendoing)常和allthistime,thisweek,thismonth,allnight,allthemorning,recently等状语以及since和for引导的状语从句连用。IhavebeenreadingHemingway’sFarewelltoArmsrecently.我最近一直在读海明威的《永别了，武器》。You’vebeensayingthatforfiveyears.这话你已经说了五年了。Hehasbeenwritingarticlestothenewspaperssincehebecameateacher.自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊撰稿。考点二动词语态1.被动语态的构成现在过去将来过去将来一般体is/am/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone进行体is/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成体have/hasbeendonehadbeendone2.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。Thereportersaskedthepresidentsomequestions.→Thepresidentwasaskedsomequestionsbythereporters.→Somequestionswereaskedthepresidentbythereporters.(2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。Iheardhimsaygoodbyetohisfriends.→Hewasheardtosaygoodbyetohisfriends.(3)动词短语变被动语态时,勿掉“尾巴”。Thisdictionarymustbetakengoodcareof.(4)情态动词,begoingto,beto,besureto等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。Thisbookmaynotbetakenoutofthereadingroom.(5)“get+过去分词”构成的表示被动的短语getpaid/lost/hurt等。TheygetpaidtwiceasmuchasIdo,butthejobisexactlythesameasmine.NomatterhowwellyouknowParis,itiseasytogetlost.3.主动形式表示被动含义(1)表示感受、感官的系动词,如feel,sound,taste,look等,后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义,指其本身具有的属性、特征等。(2)当sell,read,draw,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn等不及物动词后有状语(well/easily等)修饰,用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时,用主动形式表示被动含义。Themusicisn’tpleasanttolistento.Thiskindofradiodoesn’tsellwell.考点三主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1.语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。(1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Havingtochangetrainsisasmallinconvenience.不得不换乘火车多少有些不便。(2)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，togetherwith，aswellas，like，but，except，ratherthan，including，inadditionto等时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。Tomaswellastwoofhisfriendswasinvitedtotheparty.汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请参加聚会了。(3)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。Myfriendshowedmearoundthesmalltown，whichwasveryattractive.我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，它非常迷人。(4)“manya/morethanone+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。EveryboyandeverygirlwishestoattendthepartytobeheldonSunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加即将在周日举办的聚会。2.意义一致原则意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若被看作是集体中的每个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见有：family，class，team，group，public，mittee，government，audience等。Theclassconsistsof25boysand20girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。Theclassaredoinganexperiment.全班学生都在做实验。(2)“分数/百分数/themajority+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all，some，half，most，therest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。(3)“the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。(4)aquantityof后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，后接可数名词时，谓语动词用复数。quantitiesof后无论接可数名词还是接不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed，hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.由于越来越多的森林被毁，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。(5)“anumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“thenumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Thenumberofthestudentsfromthenorthissmall.来自北方的学生人数很少。(6)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。Threethousanddollarsisquitealotofmoneyforaboy.对于一个男孩来说，3000美元是一笔大数目。3.就近一致原则就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...but(also)...，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsistoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名学生将出席明天的会议。(2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。Therearethreebooksandapenonthedesk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。考点一：动词时态例1.(20242025学年天津市河东区普通高中学业水平模拟考试)Thereportswentmissingin2012andnobody________themsince.A.sees B.sawC.hasseen D.hadseen例2.—HaveyouevervisitedtheOrientalPearlTVTower?—Yes.WhenIwasatuniversityinShanghai,I________ittwice.A.visited B.havevisited C.hadvisited D.wouldvisit例3.—________yourbrotherlikeplayingfootball?—Yes.Heusually________itwithhisfriendsonweekends.A.Is;play B.Does;play C.Is;plays D.Does;plays1.TheBrowns________theonlineshoppingexperienceinChinasincetheymovedbacktoNewZealandoneyearago.A.havebeenmissing B.hadbeenmissing C.weremissing D.willbemissing2.Tendollars________asmuchasbefore,Daddy.Givememore,please.A.doesn’tbuy B.don’tbuy C.didn’tbuy D.isn’tbought3.It’sthefirsttimethistermwe________anexaminationafterclassintheafternoon.A.didn’thave B.haven’thad C.don’thave D.aren’thaving4.—Iwonder________fortheingfestival.—I’mgoingtobuysomeflowerstocelebrateit.A.whatdidyoudo B.whatyoudid C.whatwillyoudo D.whatyouwilldo5.Thatyear,JacksailedtoEngland,wherehe________lawforseveralyearsandbecamealawyeraftergraduation.A.studied B.wasstudying C.hasstudied D.hadstudied考点二：动词语态例1.Moreshoppingcenters________inourcitysoontopromotethelocaleconomy.A.arebeingbuilt B.willbebuilt C.havebeenbuilt D.hadbeenbuilt例2.—WeplantedlotsoftreesonTreePlantingDay.—That’squitemeaningful.Ifmoretrees________,we’llhaveagreenerworld.A.plant B.areplanted C.willplant D.willbeplanted例3.Manyanewsafetyrule________inschoolsoverthelastthreeyearstohelpcreateahappierandmoresecurelearningenvironment.A.hasmade B.hasbeenmade C.havebeenmade D.havemad1.Samaswellashisteammembers________byProfessorLownfornotfinishingthetaskintime.A.iscriticized B.arecriticized C.wascriticized D.werecriticized2.“Thedisease________effectivelyacrossthecitysofar,”theofficialsaidatthenewsconference.A.hasbeencontrolled B.hascontrolledC.willbecontrolled D.isbeingcontrolled3.LaoShe’splayTeaHouse________intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepast10years.A.hadbeenmade B.hasbeenmadeC.wouldbemade D.wasmade4.Thisonlinecourse_________,butyoucanstillaccessandusetheoriginalversion.A.hasupdated B.hadupdatedC.hasbeenupdated D.hadbeenupdated5.Everyoneisgoodatsomething,andifyourfocus________tothattalentoverthecourseofyears,amazingthingswillbedone.A.gives B.isgiven C.gave D.wasgiven考点三：主谓一致例1.(2025年四川省高等职业教育单独考试招生文化素质考试)Frank,ahighlyrespectedprofessorandmyfriend,________invitedtotheinternationalconferencelastyear.A.are B.is C.were D.was例2.Everyboyandeverygirl________pleasedwhentheysawShenzhouXV,withFeiJunlong,oneofthemostexpertChineseastronaut,tocarryouttheflightmission,wassentuptospace.A.is B.was C.are D.were例3.I’mverybusynow.Eitheryouorhe________goingtohaveameetinginsteadofme.A.was B.is C.are D.were1.Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,________visitBeijingthissummer.A.isgoingto B.aregoingto C.wasgoingto D.weregoingto2.Currently,jogging,aswellascyclingandswimming,________asoneofthemostbeneficialformsofexercise.A.isregarded B.regard C.areregarded D.regards3.Nowadays,hugequantitiesofinformation,whethertrueorfalse,________ontheInternetasaresultoftheadvancedtechnology.A.isfound B.arefound C.hasfound D.havefound4.Largequantitiesofinformationgatheredfromextensive’researchstudies________valuableinsightsintothetrendsaffectingglobalhealthoutes.A.provide B.hasbeenproviding C.provides D.isproviding5.Mr.Smith,aswellashiswife________theonlineshoppingexperienceinChinasincehemovedbacktoNewZealandtwoyearsago.A.hasbeenmissingB.weremissing C.havebeenmissing D.willbemissing一、单项选择1.Thatoldcarofmyfather's________constantly________down.Weshouldreallyconsiderbuyinganewone.A.is...breaking B./...breaks C.has...broken D.was...breaking2.Ican’tjoinyouforthegametonight.Mycousin________fromtheUK,andwe’regoingtohaveafamilydinner.A.arrives B.isarriving C.arrived D.hasarrived3.I________this,buttherealityformehasbeenverydifferent.A.usedtobelieve B.amusedtobelieve C.amusedtobelieving D.usedtobelieving4.He________hisblog,________abouthistravels,and________withhisonlinefriendswhenhisputercrashed.A.updated...wrote...chattedB.wasupdating...writing...chattingC.wasupdating...waswriting...waschattingD.updated...waswriting...chatted5.Mr.Crossettwasmade________histeachingbecauseofhispoorhealthandoldage.A.giveup B.givein C.togiveup D.togivein6.ThenewmethodMr.Wang________to________effective.A.hasbeendevoting;isproved B.hasbeendevoting;provingC.hasbeendevoted;beingproved D.hasbeendevoted;proves7.Eitherthedetailedexplanationinthetextbookortheteacher’sexamplesinclass________helpfulforunderstanding________anounclausefunctions.A.is;how B.are;how C.is;what D.are;what8.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyedinthatarea,aquantityofland________desertseachyear.A.hasbeenturnedinto B.havebeenturnedintoC.isbeingturnedinto D.arebeingturnedinto9.Thispen________smoothly.A.write B.writes C.iswritten D.wrote10.—WhatdoyouthinkofhistalkonInformationTechnology?—Oh,excellent.It’sworth________.A.listeningto B.beinglistenedto C.listening D.tobelistenedto二、单句语法填空1.NotknowingwhereI’mgoing________(be)whatinspiresmetotravel.2.Thesemeansoftravel________(be)popularamongtheyoungpeople.3.Notjustyoubuthe________(like)thecountrymusicverymuch.4.Theflowersinthegarden________(smell)sweetaftertherain.5.Thenewsystem,whichourengineershavebeentestingforseveralmonths,isexpectedtoreduceenergyconsumptionby20percentonceit________(put)intooperation.6.Theletterwaswritteninsuchahurrythatseveralspellingmistakescanstillbefoundevenafterit________(check)twicebytheeditor.7.Theoldbuilding________(repair)now,soit’snotopentovisitors.Youhavetoenextmonth.8.He________(notfinish)theprojectyet,buthewillsoon.9.________youever________(visit)theGreatWall?Itisafamoustouristattraction.10.She________(arrive)attheairportearly,andthen________(wait)forherfriend.一、阅读理解AWritingpetitions2025TheCaledoniaNovelAwardTheawardisforthebestnovelmanuscript(原稿).Allentriesmustbeoriginalmanuscriptsatleast50,000wordslongbyunpublishedwriters.Thefirstprizeis£1,500.ThereisaspecialprizeofafreeplaceonacreativewritingcourseatMoniackMhorCentre,thesponsorofthepetition.Theentryfeeis£28.Anumberofsponsoredplacesareavailableforwritersonlowines.Theclosingdateis31May.https://thecnaward/submithttps://thecnaward/submitTheDeborahRogersFoundationWritersAwardTheDRFWritersAwardinvitessubmissionsof15,00020,000wordsofaworkinprogress,whichmaybefictionornonfiction.Writersmustnotpreviouslyhavepublishedanywork.Thewinnerwillreceive£10,000andtwoshortlistedwriterswillreceive£1,000.Theclosingdateis31May.Website:https://./enterImagine2100ClimateFictionpetitionWritersareinvitedto“envision(展望)afuturewherehumanityoverestheclimatecrisisandbuildsamoresustainableworld.”Yourstorycanbesetsometimebetweenthenearfutureandtheyear2100.Storiesshouldbeunpublished,between2,5005,000words.Entryisfree,withthefirstprizeof£3,000.Thewinningstorieswillbepublishedonthepetition’swebsite.Thedeadlineis24June.Website:/submitNewWritersFlashFictionpetitionNewWritersisinvitingentriesofshortfictiononanythemeupto300words.Thefirstprizeis£1,100.ThewinningentrieswillbepublishedontheNewWriterswebsite.Allentriesmustbeoriginalandunpublished.Thereisanentryfeeof£10.£1fromeachentrywillbedonatedtoFirstStory,thecreativewritingcharityforyoungpeople.Alimitednumberoffreeentriesareavailableforlowinewriters.Theclosingdateis31March.Website:/pete1.HowmanywordsarerequiredfortheentriestothepetitionsponsoredbyMoniackMhorCentre?A.Upto300. B.2,500to5,000.C.15,000to20,000. D.Atleast50,000.2.TheDRFWritersAwarddiffersfromtheotherpetitionsinthat________.A.itawardsmoneyprizes B.itoffersafreewritingcourseC.itacceptsnonfictionentries D.itpublisheswinningstoriesonline3.Whichpetitioninvolvesdonationtoyoungwriters?A.TheCaledoniaNovelAward.B.NewWritersFlashFictionpetition.C.Imagine2100ClimateFictionpetition.D.TheDeborahRogersFoundationWritersAward.4.Whatdothefourpetitionshaveinmon?A.Entriesmustnotbepreviouslypublished.B.Theyallfundlowinewriters.C.Allpetitionsareentryfree.D.Participantsshouldwriteonparticularthemes.BChineseNobelPrizewinningphysicistZhenNingYang,oneofthemostinfluentialscientistsinmodernphysics,passedawayinBeijingonOctober18duetoillnessattheageof103.Bornin1922,YangwasbroughtupsurroundedbytheTsinghuacampus,wherehisfatherwasamathprofessor.Afterfinishinghisundergraduatedegree,heobtainedhismaster’sdegreefromTsinghua.HeenrolledintheUniversityofChicagointheUnitedStatestopursueadoctoratein1946andwasstronglyinfluencedbyItalianAmericanphysicistEnricoFermi,whohadwonthesameNobelPrizein1938.HelaterbecameaprofessorattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton.YangwontheNobelPrizein1957withTsungDaoLeefortheirinvestigationofthesocalledparitylawsthatledto“importantdiscoveriesregardingtheelementaryparticles,”accordingtotheNobelPrizewebsite.TheywerethefirstChinesebornNobelPrizewinnersinphysics.ProfessorYangwasdeeplydevotedtohishomeland,makingremarkablecontributionstoChina’sscientificandeducationaldevelopments.HisvisittoChinain1971ledtoawaveofvisitsbyoverseasscholars,earninghimrecognitionasthepioneerinbuildingthebridgeofacademicexchangebetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.HelaterproposedtherestorationandstrengtheningofbasicscientificresearchtoChina’scentralleadership.Healsoraisedfundstoestablishthe“mitteeonEducationalExchangewithChina”,whichhascontinuouslysponsorednearly100ChinesescholarsforadvancedstudiesintheUnitedStates.ThesescholarslaterbecamethebackboneofChina’sscientificandtechnologicaldevelopment.HeundertookextensiveworktopromoteChina’sscientificandtechnologicalexchangeandprogress,offeringadviceandexercisingsignificantinfluenceonmajorChinesescientificprojectsandtheformulation(制定)ofscienceandeducationpolicies.AfterreturningtoTsinghuaUniversityin1999,hetookondevelopingtheInstituteforAdvancedStudyashisnewmission.HepouredenormouseffortintoadvancingfundamentaldisciplineslikephysicsandcultivatingtalentsatTsinghua,makingremarkablecontributionsthatgreatlyimpactedthereformanddevelopmentofChinesehighereducation.ProfessorYang’slifestandsasatimelesschapterinhumanhistory—onethatshinesnotonlyforChinabutfortheglobalmunityofthinkersandinnovators.5.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A.Yang’slifelongcontributionstoChina. B.Yang’sresearchonelementaryparticles.C.Yang’sinfluenceonglobalsciencepolicy. D.Yang’seducationalbackgroundinAmerica.6.WhywasYang’s1971visitsignificant?A.Itfocusedonpoliticaldialogue. B.ItpromotedculturalactivitiesinChina.C.ItaimedtowinaNobelPrizeforChina. D.ItinitiatedacademicexchangeswiththeUS.7.WhatdidYangdoforChinesescholars?A.Hefundedtheiradvancedstudiesabroad. B.Hehelpedthemwininternationalawards.C.Hetaughtthemadvancedphysicspersonally. D.HeofferedthemjobsinAmericanuniversities.8.HowdoestheauthorviewYang’scontributions?A.ItisprimarilyforChinesescientists. B.Itbelongstothewholeworld.C.ItliesinhisNobelPrizeachievement. D.Itismainlyabouteducationalreform.COneofthebestpartsofbeingaparenthastobewatchingchildrendiscovertheworldaroundthem.“What’sthatinyourhand?Isit—aball?Doyouthinkitwillrolldownthishill?”youmightaskyourkid.Thenyougettoenjoytheirshoutsofdelightastheyexplorejustthat.Yetovertimeparentsmayfindthattheirchildisbeinglesscuriousaboutscience.Whydoesthisshifthappen?Thereare,ofcourse,anumberofdifferentfactorsatplay,butaccordingtoarecentstudy,thislossofinterestmaybepartlytheresultofsubtle(微妙的)languagecueschildrenhear.Whentalkingtochildren,manyadultsmightsaythingslike“Let’sbescientiststoday!”(topromotecuriosity)or“You’resuchagoodscientist!”(topraiseachild).Butthiskindoflanguage,whichfocusesonscienceasanidentityratherthanasetofactivitiesandactionsthatpeopledo,canbedemotivating.Onestudyshowedthatkidsasyoungasfourpersistedlongerwhentheircuetoparticipateinscienceactivitieswas“Let’sdoscience”ratherthan“Let’sbescientists.”Butit’salsotruethatduringadolescence,kidsareactivelytryingonandultimatelyformingdifferentidentitiesforthemselves.Soincontrasttoitsdemotivatingeffectsonyoungchildren,identityfocusedlanguagemayhelpteensstayinterestedinscience.Inonestudy,cueingafutureidentitybasedonscience(suchas“scientist”or“doctor”)motivatedmiddleschoolerstodomorehomeworkandwasassociatedwithhighergrades.Thatmightbebecauseifteensthinkofthemselvesasscientists,thentheyarewillingtodowhatittakestobethepersontheywanttobee.Focusingontheseactionswhenchildrenareyoungmighthelpthempersistinhardtasksorlessons.Butasolderchildrengainexperienceintheseareasandstartformingideasofwhomtheywanttobee,emphasizingfuturesciencedependentidentitiesmightalsobehelpfulinmaintaininganinterestinscience.Howthesetwoversionsofsubtlelanguagecuesmightworktogetherhasyettobetested.Perhapsthisresearchcouldbedonebyyourfuturescientist.9.Howdoparentsmotivatetheirchild’scuriosityaboutscience?A.Byplayingballgames. B.Bykeepingthempany.C.Bygivinglanguagecues. D.Byencouragingthemtoreply.10.Inwhichsentence,“atplay”meansthesamewiththeunderlinedone?A.Thistimecuriosityisatplay.B.Unluckyinlove,luckyatplay.C.Thetoyremindsusofwhenwewereatplay.D.Pauseandsmellaroseorwatchchildrenatplay.11.Whatdeterminestheeffectivenessoflanguagehintsaccordingtotheresearch?A.Languagefocusandkids’agegroup.B.Languagediversityandkids’grades.C.Adults’motivationandkids’interest.D.Adults’identitiesandkids’willingness.12.Whichcolumnisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Environment. B.Parenting. C.Health. D.Lifestyle.DLikemanypeopleIknow,IdecidedaboutamonthagotogetanewiPhone.MyoldiPhone’sfancyfeatureswerenowweakandbarelyworking.Itsbatterywasajoke.IwentofftotheVerizonstore.Imadeanappointmentandwastolditwouldbequick.Butitwasn’tquickatall.Thesalesrepresentative’sexplanationofpricingandplanslastedlongerthanmanyofmylectures.Itwas10timesashardtofollow.Iplacedmyorderanyway.Threedayslater,whenIwentbacktotradeinmyold,slowphoneforthenewone,thedatatransfer(传输)thatwassupposedtotake60minutestookoverthreehours.ThenIspentdayssendingtextmessagesandemailstothesalesrepresentativetofixalltheproblems.Ah,theparadoxes(矛盾)ofprogress.Moreconveniencesalsobringmoreandmoreinconveniences.Youmustdownloadthis.Youmustuploadthat.Youmusttakeaphoto.Youmustchangethissettingandthenthatsetting,andhaveyouupdatedtheapp?Updatetheapp!Becausethenyou’llbeabletocustomizeyourexperienceevenfurther,providedyouhavethetimeandpatiencetoeducateyourselfontheinfinitecustomizations.Yes,I’mold,andyoungerpeoplearebetteratusingallthedifferentpartsofourwirelesstechnology.Oldpeopleandtechnologygotogetherlikepeanutbutterandsardines(沙丁鱼)—theyjustdon’tmatchwell.Butit’salsotruethatpeoplefromallgenerations—babyboomers,GenX,millennials,andGenZ—allstrugglewithlotsofthingslikeinputs,outputs,passwords,QRcodes,andremindersthatdidn’texist25yearsago.Thosetechannoyancesacpanyinnovationsthatundeniablystreamlinearangeofexperiences—callingaride,plottingaroute,buyingamovieorconcertticket,checkinginforaflight—toadegreethatIwouldn’tbefoolishenoughtowishaway.Buttheinnovationsseldomliveupfullytotheirpromisesofeaseandspeed,andtheyintroduceplicationsandimperfectionsalltheirown.13.WhydidtheauthordecidetobuyanewiPhone?A.Heneededanewphoneforwork.B.Hewasinfluencedbyfriendstoupgrade.C.HisoldiPhonehadfailingfeaturesandapoorbattery.D.HewasofferedaspecialdiscountattheVerizonstore.14.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’sexperienceattheVerizonstore?A.Enjoyableanduserfriendly. B.Quickbutdisappointing.C.Confusingandtimeconsuming. D.Necessarybutboring.15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofmoderntechnology?A.Itmakeslifesimplerbutalsomoreplicated. B.Itismainlybeneficialtoyoungergenerations.C.Ithasremovedmanyinconveniences. D.Itistooexpensiveformostpeople.16.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?A.Heispletelysatisfiedwithtechnologicalinnovations.B.Hewishesthesetechnologicalinnovationswilldisappear.C.Hebelievestechnologicalinnovationsbringmoreproblemsthansolutions.D.Heacknowledgesthebenefitsoftechnologybutalsohighlightsitslimitations.二、完形填空DuringmycollegeyearsinBangalore,ourdayswerefilledwithsimplepleasures.Oneweekend,myfriendBellaandIdecidedto1theRexTheatreonBrigadeRoad.Ican’trememberthenameofthefilm,butIdo2thenoisyandshakyrideinathreewheeledvehicle.Thatafternoon,BrigadeRoadwasin3—bikes,cars,buses,andpeopleflowingacrossthestreets.We4atthetheatre,