专题5阅读理解（综合训练1）

阅读理解综合训练（一）（考试时间：50分钟试卷满分：75分）甲阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分）用时：25分钟语篇体裁词数话题命题亮点错题统计错误原因总结A应用文270可再生能源的类型与25全国I应用文相似B记叙文337对纸质书的深厚情感与偏爱倡导读书C说明文314夜猫子可能更聪明考查思辨D科普说明文384处理微塑料垃圾与25年全国ID篇异曲同工AACLEAN,GREENENERGYFUTURENowadays,manycountriesaremakingtheimportantchangefromfossilfuelstoclean,greenandrenewablesourcesofenergy.Fossilfuelsproduceemissions,butrenewableenergysourcescauselimiteddamagetotheenvironment.Herearethemaintypesofrenewableenergy,withfactsandexamplesfromaroundtheworld.SolarSolarpanelsturnheatfromthesun’sraysintoelectricity,andsolarheatersusethatenergytoheatwaterdirectly.Germanyhasthehighestsolarcapacityintheworld,butChinaistheworld’slargestmarketandthelargestproducerofsolartechnology.HydropowerThepowerofwaterturnsturbineswhichproduceelectricity.Sinceancienttimes,watermillshavebeenusedalot.MostoftherenewableenergyinChinaesfromhydropowerplants,suchastheThreeGorgesDam,theworld’slargestpowerstation.GeothermalThishasbeenanaturalsourceofenergyforthousandsofyears.Today,heatfrombelowtheearth’ssurfaceheatswaterintosteamthatturnsturbinestogenerateelectricity.TheUSAhasthelargestcapacity,withover80%generatedinCalifornia.TheYangbajingPowerPlantisthelargestgeothermalplantinChina.WindTallturbinesareturnedbythewindtoproduceelectricity.Wind“farms”arebuiltonland,oroffshore,totakeadvantageofmorefrequentandpowerfulwindsatsea.Theworld’slargestwindfarmistheLondonArray.Ithas175windturbinesandis20kmoffthecoastofEngland.ResearchersthinkChinacouldmeetallherelectricitydemandsfromwindby2030.WindfarmsinprovincessuchasGansuhaveanendlesswindsupply.1．Whichcountryisthetopinsolarcapacityworldwideaccordingtothepassage?A．China. B．Germany. C．TheUSA． D．England.2．WhichtypeofenergyinChinawillplaythegreatestroleinthefutureaccordingtothepassage?A．Solar. B．Hydropower. C．Wind. D．Geothermal.3．Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercouldthepassagebefound?A．Business. B．Science. C．Culture. D．Travel.【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了可再生能源的类型，包括太阳能、水力发电、地热能和风能，以及它们在世界范围内的应用。1．B细节理解题。根据文章Solar部分的“Germanyhasthehighestsolarcapacityintheworld,butChinaistheworld’slargestmarketandthelargestproducerofsolartechnology.(德国拥有世界上最高的太阳能产能，但中国是世界上最大的市场和最大的太阳能技术生产国)”可知，德国是世界上太阳能发电量最多的国家。故选B。2．C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“ResearchersthinkChinacouldmeetallherelectricitydemandsfromwindby2030.(研究人员认为，到2030年，中国可以通过风能满足所有的电力需求。)”可知，在中国，风能将在未来发挥最大的作用。故选C。3．B推理判断题。文章主要介绍了可再生能源的类型，包括太阳能、水力发电、地热能和风能，以及它们在世界范围内的应用。这些内容属于科学和技术领域的范畴，因此这篇文章最有可能出现在报纸的“科学”专栏中。故选B。BMyhusband,Haywood,reachedretirementageafter37yearsofteachingthissummer.IamexcitedtohavemoretimewiththepersonIlikebestintheworld.Theonlydownsidewashisstuff.Whatdoeshedowithallthebooks?Haywoodbroughthome,allthebooks,toahousealreadypiledupwiththebookspasseddownfromourparentsaftertheypassedaway.Everybookshelfinthehouse—andtherearealotofbookshelvesinthishouse—wasalreadystuffedbeyondmoving.Peoplehavebeenarguingthatprintisdead,orabouttobedead.Itisnotdeadinthishouse.Wewriteinbooks.Wefoldpagesandunderlinepassagesanddrawlittlestarsattheedgesofthepages.Beforetheobjectionsbegin,letmesaythatIam100percentinfavorofeverykindofreadingthereis:ebooks,audiobooks,Braillebooks,graphicbooks,younameit.Nevertheless.IwillalwayspreferabookIcanholdinmyhand,thekindthatsmellsofpaperandglue.Thematerialfeelofitpleasesme.Forme,abookmadeofpaperwillalwaysbeabeautifulobjectthatwarmsaroomevenasitexpands(orentertains,orchallenges,orinforms,orforts)amind,andabookcasewillalwaysrepresenttimeitself.Iwalkpastoneofourbookcases,andIcantellyouexactlywhyaparticularbookisstillthere,neverremovedasspacegrewlimited.WhenIrereadabookfrommyownshelves,Imeetmyownyoungerself.IamwhatIhavereadfarmoresurelythanIamwhatIhaveeaten.Bylookingatourbookshelves,Icantellyouwhomyhusbandwas,too.OurbooksensurethatIamstillsurroundedbyalltheselvesIhaveeverbeen,andalltheselvesmyhusbandhasbeen.Ipreferthemessyshelves,thefoldedpages,thenoteswritteninafamiliarhand.4．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheHaywoodfamily?A．Theypushreadingbroadly. B．Theyshowofftheirbooks,C．Theyshouldlimittheirbooks. D．Theyhaveareadingtradition.5．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsebooks?A．Supportive. B．Grateful. C．Passionate. D．Curious.6．Whycanpaperbookswarmaroomaccordingtotheauthor?A．Theycalmpeople’smind. B．Theyholdemotionalmemories.C．Theydecoratetheroomwell. D．Theyimprovethefamilyrelation.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MyBooks,MyMoods B．MyBookshelf,MyselfC．MyTietoMyHusband D．MyPreferencetoPrintBooks【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者对纸质书的深厚情感与偏爱。作者丈夫退休后，家中书籍堆积如山，但这并未让作者感到困扰，反而让她倍感亲切。书架上的书籍见证了作者和丈夫的历程，是时间的见证者。因此，作者坚称纸质书在她心中有着不可替代的地位。4．D推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Haywoodbroughthome,allthebooks,toahousealreadypiledupwiththebookspasseddownfromourparentsaftertheypassedaway.Everybookshelfinthehouse—andtherearealotofbookshelvesinthishouse—wasalreadystuffedbeyondmoving.(海伍德把所有的书都带回家，我们的家里已经堆满了父母去世后留下的书。房子里的每个书架——这个房子里有很多书架——都已经塞得无法移动了)”可知，海伍德家族有阅读的传统。故选D。5．A推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Beforetheobjectionsbegin,letmesaythatIam100percentinfavorofeverykindofreadingthereis:ebooks,audiobooks,Braillebooks,graphicbooks,younameit.(在反对开始之前，我想说，我百分之百地支持所有的阅读方式：电子书、有声书、盲文书、图文书，应有尽有)”可知，作者对电子书的态度是支持。故选A。6．B细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段中的“Forme,abookmadeofpaperwillalwaysbeabeautifulobjectthatwarmsaroomevenasitexpands(orentertains,orchallenges,orinforms,orforts)amind,andabookcasewillalwaysrepresenttimeitself.Iwalkpastoneofourbookcases,andIcantellyouexactlywhyaparticularbookisstillthere,neverremovedasspacegrewlimited.(对我来说，一本纸做的书永远是一件美丽的东西，它温暖了一个房间，即使它扩展了（或娱乐，或挑战，或告知，或安慰）一个心灵，书柜永远代表着时间本身。当我走过我们的一个书柜时，我可以确切地告诉你为什么某本书还在那里，因为空间变得有限而从未移走)”可知，纸书可以温暖房间是因为它们拥有情感记忆。故选B。7．B主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段中的“OurbooksensurethatIamstillsurroundedbyalltheselvesIhaveeverbeen,andalltheselvesmyhusbandhasbeen.Ipreferthemessyshelves,thefoldedpages,thenoteswritteninafamiliarhand.(我们的书确保我仍然被我曾经的自己和我丈夫曾经的自己所包围。我更喜欢凌乱的书架，折叠的书页，用熟悉的笔迹写的笔记)”以及本文讲述了作者对纸质书的深厚情感与偏爱。作者丈夫退休后，家中书籍堆积如山，但这并未让作者感到困扰，反而让她倍感亲切，书架上的书籍见证了作者和丈夫的历程，是时间的见证者，因此，作者坚称纸质书在她心中有着不可替代的地位，可知，B选项“我的书架和我自己”最符合文章标题。故选B。CTheideathatnightowlswhodon’tgotobeduntiltheearlyhoursstruggletogetanythingdoneduringthedaymayhavetoberevised.Itturnsoutthatstayinguplatecouldbegoodforourbrainpowerasresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhoidentifyasnightowlscouldbesharperthanthosewhogotobedearly.ResearchersledbyacademicsatImperialCollegeLondonstudieddatafromtheUKBiobankstudyonmorethan26,000peoplewhohadpletedintelligence,reasoning,reactiontimeandmemorytests.Theythenexaminedhowparticipants’sleepduration,quality,andchronotypeaffectedbrainperformance.Theyfoundthatthosewhostayuplateandthoseclassedas“intermediate”had“superiorcognitivefunction”,whilemorninglarkshadthelowestscores.Goingtobedlateisstronglyassociatedwithcreativetypes.Artists,authorsandmusiciansknowntobenightowlsincludeJamesJoyceandLadyGaga.ButwhilepoliticianslikeBarackObamafamouslyseemedtothriveonlittlesleep,thestudyfoundthatsleepdurationisimportantforbrainfunction,withthosegettingbetweensevenandninehoursofshuteyeeachnightperformingbestincognitivetests.ProfDaqingMa,thecoleaderofthestudy,added,“Wefoundthatsleepdurationhasadirecteffectonbrainfunction,andwebelievethatactivelymanagingsleeppatternsisreallyimportantforboostingandsafeguardingthewayourbrainswork.We’dideallyliketoseepolicyinterventionstohelpsleeppatternsimproveinthegeneralpopulation.”Someexperts,however,urgedcautionininterpretingthefindings.JessicaChelekis,asleepexpertatBrunelUniversityLondon,saidtherewere“importantlimitations”tothestudyastheresearchdidnotaccountforeducationattainment,orincludethetimeofdaythecognitivetestswereconductedintheresults.Themainvalueofthestudywaschallengingstereotypesaroundsleep,sheadded.8．Whatcanbelearnedaboutthenewresearch?A．Itadvocatesanewtrendofsleeppatterns. B．Itrevealsmostnightowlshavesharpbrains.C．Itsuggestsstayingupenhancesbrainpower. D．Itchallengesmonbeliefaboutnightowls.9．WhyareJamesJoyceandLadyGagamentionedinparagraph2?A．Toprovideexamplesofintermediatepeople.B．Tosuggestmostsuccessfulartistsarenightowls.C．Toproveartistshavesuperiorcognitivefunction.D．Toshowthelinkbetweenlatehoursandcreativity.10．WhichstatementwillProfDaqingMaprobablyagreewith?A．Allsleeplengthsequallyimprovebrainfunction.B．Parentsshouldn’tintervenechildren’ssleeppattern.C．Schoolsshouldstartlatertofitteens’bodyclocks.D．Sleepdurationismoreimportantthansleepquality.11．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewstudy?A．Objective. B．Skeptical C．Appreciative D．Critical【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了夜猫子可能更聪明，挑战了传统观念。8．D细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Theideathatnightowlswhodon’tgotobeduntiltheearlyhoursstruggletogetanythingdoneduringthedaymayhavetoberevised.Itturnsoutthatstayinguplatecouldbegoodforourbrainpowerasresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhoidentifyasnightowlscouldbesharperthanthosewhogotobedearly.(直到凌晨才上床睡觉的夜猫子在白天难以完成任何事情的观点可能需要修正。事实证明，熬夜可能对我们的脑力有好处，因为研究表明，自称夜猫子的人可能比早睡的人更敏锐。)”可知，新研究表明熬夜可能会增强脑力，这与人们通常认为夜猫子白天效率低的观点相悖，即挑战了关于夜猫子的普遍看法。故选D。9．D推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Goingtobedlateisstronglyassociatedwithcreativetypes.Artists,authorsandmusiciansknowntobenightowlsincludeJamesJoyceandLadyGaga.(晚睡与有创造力的人密切相关。已知的夜猫子艺术家、作家和音乐家包括JamesJoyce和LadyGaga。)”可知，本段提到JamesJoyce和LadyGaga是为了说明熬夜与创造力之间的联系。故选D。10．C推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Wefoundthatsleepdurationhasadirecteffectonbrainfunction,andwebelievethatactivelymanagingsleeppatternsisreallyimportantforboostingandsafeguardingthewayourbrainswork.We’dideallyliketoseepolicyinterventionstohelpsleeppatternsimproveinthegeneralpopulation.(我们发现睡眠时间对大脑功能有直接影响，我们认为积极管理睡眠模式对于增强和保护我们大脑的工作方式非常重要。我们理想地希望看到政策干预，以帮助改善普通人群的睡眠模式。)”可知，马教授认为睡眠时间对大脑功能有直接影响，积极管理睡眠模式很重要，并且希望看到政策干预来改善普通人群的睡眠模式，由此可推知，他可能会同意学校应该推迟上课时间以适应青少年的生物钟这一观点，因为这有助于改善青少年的睡眠模式。故选C。11．A推理判断题。通读全文，作者首先介绍了新研究的内容和发现，然后引用了研究人员的观点，接着又提到了其他专家对研究结果的谨慎态度，并指出了研究的局限性。由此推知，作者对这一研究持客观态度。故选A。DTinybitsofplastic,calledmicroplastics,pollutetheairandourfood.Plasticbitshavebeenfoundeverywherefromourbodiestoadolphin’sbreath.That’swhyscientistskeeplookingforwaystohandlethem.Now,they’vediscoveredanewstrategy.Bacteria(细菌)moninwastewatercanbreakdownatypeofplastic—PET.ThatfindingcouldinformnewwaystocleanupPETpollution.Scientistshavelongknownamonas,akindofmicrobe(微生物),growonplasticsinwater.ThatgotLudmillaAristilde,abiochemist,wonderingifthemicrobesusePETasfood.PETistheworld’smostwidelyusedplastic.Some56milliontonsofitismadeeachyear—mostlyforpolyesterclothing,waterandsodabottles,andthepackagingofmanystoreboughtgoods.ThatleadstoalotofPETpollution.TinypiecesofPETeoutofpolyesterclotheswhenthey’rewashed—andflowthroughwatertreatmentplantsintowaterways.BitsofPETalsogetintowaterwaysasplasticbottlesandotherPETpackagingbreakdownintheenvironment.Inpastwork,Aristildediscoveredthatonestrainofamonascouldbreakdownringsofcarbonatomsinlaundrydetergent(洗涤剂).Thosecarbonrings,shenotes,weresimilartotheonesfoundinplastics.HerewasacluethatthemicrobesmaybeabletobreakdownPETaswell.Aristilde’steamgrewamonasinthelabrecently.ThentheyplacedthemicrobesinaliquidfilledcontainerforamonthwithtinybitsofPET.Afterward,theylookedatthesurfaceoftheplasticwithaspecialscanningmicroscope,whichcancreateverydetailedimagesofsurfaces.Theteamfoundnanoparticles(纳米颗粒)ofPETnowfloatedinthewater.Attheendofthemonth,morethanthreetimesasmanynanobitswereinthewaterasbefore.ThisshowedthatthebacteriahadbeendepoundingthePET.ThebacteriaalsomultipliedfasterwhentheyhadPETavailable.Thatsuggeststheywereusingcarbonmoleculesfromtheplasticbitsasfood.RenWei,abiochemist,saysthetinyorganismseatsupertinyamountsofplastic.HeaddsthattherateatwhichtheyconsumePETisfartooslowtoremovemuchofthevastamountsthatentertheenvironmenteachyear.12．Whyisadolphin’sbreathmentionedinparagraph1?A．Toshowplasticpollutionisawidespreadproblem.B．Todisplaytheharmfuleffectofmicroplasticsonseacreatures.C．Toprovemicroplasticscanexistinwastewaterforalongtime.D．Toillustratethestrongabilityofdolphinstodetectmicroplastics.13．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．WideusesofPETinlife. B．BasicfunctionsofPET.C．VarioussourcesofPETpollution. D．MaincharacteristicsofPETpollution.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“depounding”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Takingover. B．Searchingfor. C．Shelteringfrom. D．Breakingapart.15．What’sRenWei’sattitudetousingthemicrobetocleanupPETpollution?A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Unconcerned.【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们通过研究发现废水中的细菌能分解塑料。12．A推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Tinybitsofplastic,calledmicroplastics,pollutetheairandourfood.Plasticbitshavebeenfoundeverywherefromourbodiestoadolphin’sbreath.(被称为微塑料的微小塑料碎片污染了空气和我们的食物。从我们的身体到海豚的呼吸，塑料碎片无处不在)”可知，第一段提到了海豚的呼吸是为了表明塑料污染是一个普遍存在的问题。故选A。13．C主旨大意题。根据文章第三段中的“PETistheworld’smostwidelyusedplastic.Some56milliontonsofitismadeeachyear—mostlyforpolyesterclothing,waterandsodabottles,andthepackagingofmanystoreboughtgoods.ThatleadstoalotofPETpollution.TinypiecesofPETeoutofpolyesterclotheswhenthey’rewashed—andflowthroughwatertreatmentplantsintowaterways.BitsofPETalsogetintowaterwaysasplasticbottlesandotherPETpackagingbreakdownintheenvironment.(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）是世界上使用最广泛的塑料。每年大约生产5600万吨PET，主要用于制作聚酯纤维衣物、饮用水和碳酸饮料瓶，以及许多商店售卖商品的包装。这导致了大量的PET污染。当聚酯纤维衣物被清洗时，会脱落出微小的PET碎片，这些碎片会随着水流通过污水处理厂进入水道。此外，随着塑料瓶和其他PET包装在环境中分解，也会有PET碎片进入水道)”可知，第三段主要讲的是各种PET污染源。故选C。14．D词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Theteamfoundnanoparticles(纳米颗粒)ofPETnowfloatedinthewater.Attheendofthemonth,morethanthreetimesasmanynanobitswereinthewaterasbefore.(研究团队发现，水体中现在漂浮着聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）的纳米颗粒。到月底时，水中的纳米颗粒数量是之前的三倍多)”可知，细菌对PET颗粒产生某种影响使其变成了更小的纳米颗粒（nanobits）。由此可知，划线词depound和Breakingapart“分解，使分裂”意思相近。故选D。15．B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“HeaddsthattherateatwhichtheyconsumePETisfartooslowtoremovemuchofthevastamountsthatentertheenvironmenteachyear.(他补充说，他们消耗PET的速度太慢，无法清除每年进入环境的大量PET)”可知，RenWei认为细菌分解PET的速度太慢，远无法清除每年进入环境的大量PET。由此可推知，RenWei对于利用细菌清除PET污染持怀疑态度。故选B。乙阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2.5分，共37.5分）用时：25分钟语篇体裁词数话题命题亮点错题统计错误原因总结A应用文327人类对地球磁场的认识与25全国ID篇命题思想相同，跨学科综合B记叙文324克服恐惧成功演讲突出心理描写C说明文309微型森林的作用环境保护D议论文345技术突破利弊共存考查思辨能力AINCONTEXTBRANCHGeologyBEFORE6thcenturyBCETheGreekthinkerThalesofMiletusnotesmagneticrocks,orlodestones(天然磁石).1stcenturyCEChinesedivinersmakeprimitivepasseswithironspoonthatcanturnaroundtopointsouth,1269FrenchscholarPierredeMaricourtsetsoutthebasiclawsofmagneticattraction,repulsion,andpoles.AFTER1824FrenchmathematicianSiméonPoissonmodelstheforcesinamagneticfield.1940sAmericanphysicistWalterMauriceElsasserattributesEarth’smagneticfieldtoironswirlinginitsoutercoreastheplanetrotates.1958Explorer1spacemissionshowsEarth’smagneticfieldextendingfaroutintospace.Bythelate1500s,ships’captainsalreadyreliedonmagneticpassestomaintaintheircourseacrosstheoceans.Yetnooneknewhowtheyworked.SomethoughtthepassneedlewasattractedtotheNorthStar,othersthatitwasdrawntomagneticmountainsintheArctic.ItwasEnglishphysicianWilliamGilbertwhodiscoveredthatEarthitselfismagnetic.Strongerreasonsareobtainedfromsureexperimentsanddemonstratedargumentsthanfromprobableconjectures(推测)andtheopinionsofphilosophicalspeculators.WilliamGilbertGilbert’sbreakthroughcamenotfromaflashofinspiration,butfrom17yearsofcarefulexperiments.Helearnedallhecouldfromships’captainsandpassmakers,andthenhemadeamodelglobe,or“terrella”outofthemagneticrocklodestoneandtestedpassneedlesagainstit.Theneedlesreactedaroundtheterrellajustasships’passesdidonalargerscale—showingthesamepatternsofdeclination(pointingslightlyawayfromtruenorthatthegeographicpole,whichdiffersfrommagneticnorth)andinclination(tiltingdownfromthehorizontaltowardtheglobe).Gilbertconcluded,rightly,thattheentireplanetisamagnetandhasacoreofiron.HepublishedhisideasinthebookDeMagnete(OntheMagnet)in1600,causingadsensation.JohannesKeplerandGalileo,inparticular,wereinspiredbyhissuggestionthatEarthisnotfixedtorotatingcelestialspheres,asmostpeoplestillthought,butismadetospinbytheinvisibleforceofitsownmagnetism.1．Beforethe16hcentury,howdidcaptainsnavigateacrossoceans?A．TheNorthStarnavigatedtheirships.B．Theforcesinamagneticfieldattractedtheships.C．Magneticpasseshelpedthemmaintainthecourse.D．ThemagneticmountainsintheArcticguidedtheirjourney.2．HowdidWilliamGilbertfindoutthefactthatEarthitselfismagnetic?A．Throughtrialsanderrors.B．Byacquiringsomeflashinspiration.C．Bystudyingtheideasofsomephilosophers.D．Throughsomepersonalphilosophicalspeculation.3．WhichofthefollowingstatementmightGalileoagreewith?A．Theearthstaysmovable.B．Theearthhasitsownmagneticfield.C．Gilbert’sfindingsandconclusionsaresensational.D．Gilbertsuccessfullyrefutedthelawsofmagneticattraction.【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是从古至今人类对地球磁场的认识，特别是威廉·吉尔伯特发现地球自身磁性的实验和理论。1．C细节理解题。根据图表右栏首段中的“Bythelate1500s,ships’captainsalreadyreliedonmagneticpassestomaintaintheircourseacrosstheoceans.(到16世纪末，船长们已经依靠磁罗盘来保持他们在海洋中的航向。)”可知，在16世纪之前，船长们依靠磁罗盘来保持航向。故选C项。2．A细节理解题。根据图表右栏WilliamGilbert部分中的“Gilbert’sbreakthroughcamenotfromaflashofinspiration,butfrom17yearsofcarefulexperiments.(Gilbert的突破并非来自灵光一闪，而是源于17年的认真的实验。)”可知，他的发现是通过反复试验和错误总结得来的。故选A项。3．B推理判断题。根据图表右栏尾段中的“JohannesKeplerandGalileo,inparticular,wereinspiredbyhissuggestionthatEarthisnotfixedtorotatingcelestialspheres,asmostpeoplestillthought,butismadetospinbytheinvisibleforceofitsownmagnetism.(特别是约翰内斯·开普勒和伽利略受到他提出的观点的启发：地球并不是固定在旋转的天球上（如大多数人仍然认为的那样），而是通过其自身磁力的无形力量而自转。)”可知，地球是通过其自身磁力的无形力量而自转，由此可知，伽利略可能认可“地球具有自身的磁场”这一观点。故选B项。BEmma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadymitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeepseatedfear:publicspeaking.WhenshewasinvitedtodelivertheopeningspeechattheannualSerenityBookFestival—aneventtoosignificanttodecline—heranxietyrose.Oliver,abrightandconsiderateboywhofrequentedthelibrary,quicklysensedEmma’sdepression.Havingalwaysadmiredherwarmthanddevotion,Oliverapproachedherwithagentlesmile.“Whydon’tweovereourfearlikeheroesinthem?”hesuggestedkindly,pointingtothebooksontheshelf.Movedbytheboy’scourage,Emmaagreedsoftly,“Alright,let’sgiveitatry!”Witheachpractice,Emmagraduallygainedtheconfidencetoboldlyfaceherfear.Asthefestivalapproached,Emmapracticedbeforesmallgroups,thenlargerones,steadilyimproving.Butaweekprior,shereceivedanunexpectedletterfromheroldteacher,Mr.Langston,whoexpressedhisintentiontoattendandeagerlyanticipatedherspeech,addingtoherpressure.Noticingherconcern,Oliverremindedherhowmuchshehadimproved.Theydidafinalpracticeinfrontofthelibrarystaff,whoseencouragementboostedherconfidencesignificantly,calminghernervesforthebigday.Thedayofthefestivalarrived.Steppingontothestage,Emmafeltherheartbeatingwildly.Shetookadeepbreathandbegantospeak.Oliver,sittinginthefrontrow,watchedwithpride.Hissmilewidenedasheheardconfidenceinhervoice.Theaudiencelistenedattentively.WhenEmmaconcludedwitharequestforeveryonetolearnfrombooks,therewasamomentofsilence—thenthecrowderuptedintoapplause.Tearsofjoyfilledhereyes,notjustfromrelief,butfromtheoverwhelmingsupportandrecognitionfrombothOliverandtheaudience.Emmatookafinalhowastheapplausedieddown,feelingawarmthinherheart.Sheknewshecouldfacewhatevercamenext.4．WhatwastheproblemwithEmma?A．Ittroubledhertohostanevent.B．Shewasafraidtospeakinpublic.C．Shefounditdifficulttostaycalm.D．Itwashardforhertofundthefestival.5．WhatdoweknowaboutMr.Langston’sletter?A．ItmadeEmmamuchmoreanxious.B．ItencouragedEmmatobeconfident.C．IttaughtEmmathetechniquesofspeaking.D．ItinvitedEmmatothecelebrationofthefestival.6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesEmma?A．Humbleandcapable. B．Carefulandsuccessful.C．Anxiousandambitious. D．Determinedandmitted.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheLibrarian’sSecret:ATaleofHiddenFearsB．Emma’sSpeech:AJourneyfromFeartoApplauseC．Oliver’sAdvice:AStoryofFriendshipandSupportD．TheSerenityBookFestival:ACelebrationofLiterature【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了图书管理员Emma害怕公众演讲，但在男孩Oliver的鼓励和帮助下，她克服恐惧，在图书节开幕式演讲中获得了观众的掌声。4．B细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Emma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadymitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeepseatedfear:publicspeaking.(艾玛是一位年轻的图书管理员，她笑容温暖，工作认真负责，但内心深处却藏着一种深深的恐惧：公开演讲)”可知，Emma的问题是害怕在公众场合讲话。故选B。5．A细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Butaweekprior,shereceivedanunexpectedletterfromheroldteacher,Mr.Langston,whoexpressedhisintentiontoattendandeagerlyanticipatedherspeech,addingtoherpressure.(但在演讲前一周，她收到了老教师兰斯顿先生的一封意外来信，他表示打算参加并热切期待她的演讲，这增加了她的压力)”可知，兰斯顿先生的信让Emma更加焦虑了。故选A。6．D推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Emma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadymitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeepseatedfear:publicspeaking.(艾玛是一位年轻的图书管理员，她笑容温暖，工作认真负责，但内心深处却藏着一种深深的恐惧：公开演讲)”、第二段中“Witheachpractice,Emmagraduallygainedtheconfidencetoboldlyfaceherfear.(通过每一次练习，Emma逐渐获得了勇敢面对恐惧的信心)”、第三段中“Theydidafinalpracticeinfrontofthelibrarystaff,whoseencouragementboostedherconfidencesignificantly,calminghernervesforthebigday.(他们在图书馆工作人员面前进行了最后一次练习，他们的鼓励大大增强了她的信心，让她在大日子到来时平静下来)”和第四段中“Theaudiencelistenedattentively.WhenEmmaconcludedwitharequestforeveryonetolearnfrombooks,therewasamomentofsilence—thenthecrowderuptedintoapplause.(听众聚精会神地听着。当艾玛结束时，她要求每个人都从书本中学习，大家沉默了一会儿，然后人群爆发出掌声)”可知，Emma克服了对公开演讲的恐惧，通过坚持和不断练习，赢得了观众的掌声，这展现了她为实现目标的坚决(determined)和坚定(mitted)。故选D。7．B主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Emma,ayounglibrarianwithaheartwarmingsmileandasteadymitmenttoherwork,harbouredadeepseatedfear:publicspeaking.(艾玛是一位年轻的图书管理员，她笑容温暖，工作认真负责，但内心深处却藏着一种深深的恐惧：公开演讲)”可知Emma一开始害怕公众演讲；再根据第四中段中“Thedayofthefestivalarrived.Steppingontothestage,Emmafeltherheartbeatingwildly.Shetookadeepbreathandbegantospeak.Oliver,sittinginthefrontrow,watchedwithpride.Hissmilewidenedasheheardconfidenceinhervoice.Theaudiencelistenedattentively.WhenEmmaconcludedwitharequestforeveryonetolearnfrombooks,therewasamomentofsilence—thenthecrowderuptedintoapplause.(节日当天到了。艾玛走上舞台，感到心跳得厉害。她深吸了一口气，开始说话。奥利弗坐在前排，骄傲地看着他们。当他听到她的声音充满信心时，他的笑容更灿烂了。听众聚精会神地听着。当艾玛结束时，她要求每个人都从书本中学习，大家沉默了一会儿，然后人群爆发出掌声)”可知，Emma最终克服恐惧在演讲中获得了掌声。所以文章主要讲述了Emma从害怕公众演讲到获得掌声的过程。B选项“Emma’sSpeech:AJourneyfromFeartoApplause(艾玛的演讲：从恐惧到掌声的旅程)”能概括文章的主要内容，最适合做文章标题。故选B。CLikealiteralbreathoffreshair,socalled“microforests”representagreenpractice,boostingthequalityoflifeinmanyoftheworld’spollutedandovercrowdedurbancenters.Thesesmallareasofdensely(稠密地)plantedwoodlandtrees,alsoknownasminiforestsorpocketforests,allowmunitiestomanagetheeffectsofclimatechangeinasmallway,butofferenormousbenefitstotheenvironmentandlocalpeople,astheyrestoresoil,airandwaterquality.Theseminiforestsareprovingamagnetforvariousanimalandplantspecies,whichofferhumanbeingsthechancetolearnmoreaboutnature.Magicallybeingselfsustainingovertime,theyareawaytomakereimaginedurbanlifeareality.Significantly,miniforests,asoneoftheirnonprofitfacilitatorsSUGioutlines,servetobuildsocialbondsinmunitiesaswell,astheyetogethertoenjoyandsustainnewnaturalsettings.Theycanalsoregenerateandbeautifyneglected(被忽视的)plotsincitiessuchasformerbasketballcourts,anddisusedparkinglotsandplaygrounds,forinstance.AccordingtotheUN’sStateoftheWorld’sForestsReportfrom2020,over440millionhectares(公顷)offoresthavebeenlosttootherusessince1990.Now,morethanhalfoftheglobalpopulationlivesinurbanareas,buttheaccesstogreenspacesislimited.Thegoodnewsisthatmicroforestsincitiescanofferanimportantchancetofightagainstdeforestationandenlargegreenspaces.EuroNewsdetailssomeofthemanyexcitingmicroforeststhathavetakenrootglobally.NonprofitEarthwatchEurope,forinstance,hasplanted285ofthemsince2022.Theirplotsaremadeupof600trees.Atreeplantingprogramaimingtorestorebiodiversityandreintroducenativespecies,SUGi,hascreated230pocketforestsin52citiesaroundtheworld,fromToulouseinFrance,toMadridinSpain,andSaintGeorgeinRomania.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“magnet”inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A．Somethingartificial. B．Somethingsimplified.C．Somethinginnovative. D．Somethingappealing.9．Howdomicroforestsbenefitacityaccordingtothetext?A．Theyreducetrafficjams. B．Theyimproveurbanlanduse.C．Theypopularizesportsactivities. D．Theyensurecitizens’privacy.10．Whatisthedatainparagraph4intendedtostress?A．Thefastpaceofurbanization. B．Theneedtocontrolpopulations.C．Theimportanceofmicroforests, D．Theharmcausedbydeforestation.11．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Planstofurtherpromotemicroforests. B．Benefitsofsustainingmicroforests.C．Examplesofcreatingmicroforestsincities. D．Policiesaboutmicrofo