《工业分析 Industrial Analysis》课件-阿贝折光仪测定乙醇折光率（双语）

项目八：常规物理常数与性能分析任务八：折光率的测定阿贝折光仪测定乙醇折光率课程：工业分析中文Scenario8:PhysicalconstantsandperformancetestingTask8:DeterminationofrefractiveindexMeasuringtherefractiveindexofethanolusingAbberefractometerCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish一、阿贝折光仪的构造中文一、ConstructionofAbberefractometereyepiecelockinghandwheelthermometerThermostatconnectorprismtabledispersionadjustmenthandwheelScaleadjustmenthandwheelEglish二、观察现象调至该现象读数中文二、ObservingphenomenareadafteradjustingtothisphenomenonEglish三、读数长标尺——折射率(n)（读至小数点后第四位）短标尺——蔗糖的百分含量（g/mL）刻度盘读数示意图中文三、ReadLongruler——Refractiveindex(n)(readtothefourthdecimalplace)Shortruler——Thepercentagecontentofsucrose（g/mL）SchematicdiagramofdialreadingEglish四、阿贝折射仪的使用方法将折光仪置于光亮处（避免阳光直射）。用超级恒温槽将恒温水通入棱镜夹套内，其温度以折光仪上温度计读数为准(一般20℃±0.1℃)。中文四、UsageofAbberefractometerPlacetherefractometerinabrightarea(avoiddirectsunlight).Useasuperconstanttemperaturebathtopasstheconstanttemperaturewaterintotheprismjacket,andthetemperatureisbasedonthethermometerreadingontherefractometer(generally20℃±0.1℃).Eglish待温度计读数稳定后，打开棱镜锁紧扳手，向下打开棱镜。若棱镜表面不清洁，可滴几滴丙酮(或乙醇、乙醚)清洗镜面(注意滴管管尖不要触碰镜面)。待镜面干燥后，用滴加2~3滴试样于辅助棱镜的镜面上，合上棱镜，扭紧闭合旋钮。若液体样品易挥发，则动作要迅速，或在两棱镜接近闭合时从加液小槽中注入样品，然后再闭合两棱镜，锁紧闭合旋钮。中文Afterthethermometerreadingstabilizes,opentheprism.Ifthesurfaceoftheprismisnotclean,afewdropsofacetone(orethanol,ether)canbedroppedtocleanthemirrorsurface(becarefulnottotouchthetipofthedropper).Afterthemirrorsurfaceisdry,add2-3dropsofthesampleontothemirrorsurfaceoftheauxiliaryprism,closetheprism,andtightentheclosingknob.Iftheliquidsampleispronetovolatilization,theactionshouldberapid,orthesampleshouldbeinjectedfromthesmallliquidtankwhenthetwoprismsareclose,andthenthetwoprismsshouldbeclosedandtheclosingknobshouldbelocked.Eglish调节反射镜使入射光进入棱镜，同时从目镜中观察，使视场最亮。调节目镜的焦距，使目镜中“十”字线清晰明亮。调节“棱镜调节旋钮”，使刻度盘标尺上的示值逐渐增大，直至观察到视场中有半明半暗现象或出现彩色光带。若出现彩色光带，可调节“消色调节旋钮”使彩色光带逐渐消失，明暗界线清晰。再转动“分界线调节旋钮”使明暗界线恰好与“十”字线交点重合。中文Adjustthereflectortoallowtheincidentlighttoentertheprism,whileobservingfromtheeyepiecetomakethefieldofviewthebrightest.Adjustthefocallengthoftheeyepiecetomakethe"cross"lineintheeyepiececlearandbright.Adjustthe"PrismAdjustmentKnob"tograduallyincreasethereadingonthescaleuntilasemibrightorsemidarkphenomenonorcoloredlightbandisobservedinthefieldofview.Ifacoloredlightstripappears,the"dispersionadjustmentknob"canbeadjustedtograduallydisappearthecoloredlightstripandclearthelightdarkboundary.Rotatethe"dividinglineadjustmentknob"againtomakethelightanddarklinesexactlycoincidewiththeintersectionpointofthe"cross"line.Eglish从读数镜筒中读取折射率或重量百分浓度。中文Readtherefractiveindexorweightpercentageconcentrationfromthereadingcylinder.refractiveindexsucroseconcentrationEglish折光仪的校正通常用测定标准玻璃块或蒸馏水折射率的方法进行校准。用水校正时，在20℃下折光仪应表示出折射率为1.33299或可溶性固形物为0％。若校正时温度不是20℃应查出该温度下蒸馏水的折射率再进行核准。对于高刻度值部分，用具有一定折射率的标准玻璃块（仪器附件）校准中文CalibrationofrefractometerCalibrationisusuallycarriedoutbymeasuringtherefractiveindexofstandardglassblocksordistilledwater.Whenusingwaterforcalibration,therefractometershouldindicatearefractiveindexof1.33299orasolublesolidof0%at20℃.Ifthetemperatureduringcalibrationisnot20℃,therefractiveindexofdistilledwateratthattemperatureshouldbecheckedbeforeapproval.Eglish五、乙醇折射率的测定测定方法直接法标准曲线法对仪器清理、校正，然后滴入待测乙醇，直接读取折射率配制已知不同浓度的乙醇溶液按折光仪的使用方法，测定不同浓度乙醇溶液的折光率测定未知浓度乙醇试样的折光率作工作曲线，从曲线上查找乙醇试样的浓度中文五、DeterminationofrefractiveindexofethanolMeasurementmethoddirectmethodstandardcurveCleanandcalibratetheinstrument,thendropethanolanddirectlyreadtherefractiveindexPrepareethanolsolutionsofknowndifferentconcentrationsMeasuretherefractiveindexofethanolsolutionsofdifferentconcentrationsaccordingtotheusagemethodoftherefractometerDeterminingtherefractiveindexofethanolsamplesCreateaworkingcurveandsearchfortheconcentrationofethanolsamplefromthecurveEglish乙醇浓度10%20%30%40%50