Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures-动词-ing形式作定语和表语

SectionⅢ

DiscoveringUsefulStructures——动词-ing形式作定语和表语内容索引02.研学案•素养为本精讲精练探•听力发音技巧学•语言要点知识03.晚练(三)01.预学案•知识为基听说读写练•课堂5分钟夯基01.预学案•知识为基听说读写观察下列课文原句思考黑体部分的功能①IthinktheRioCarnivalwouldbethemostexciting．②DuringtheMid-AutumnFestivalinChina,familiesgathertoadmiretheshiningmoonandenjoydeliciousmooncakes.③AnotherexampleisHalloween,whichslowlybecameanexcitingfestivalforchildren,inspiteofitsreligiousorigins.④Onlineshoppingwebsitesandsocialmediaappshavemadeitmucheasierforthepublictospendmoreongiftsfortheirlovedones.自我感悟1．动词-ing形式作定语的句子为__________________________。2．动词-ing形式作表语的句子为___________________________。②③④①02.研学案•素养为本精讲精练探·语法课堂学习一、动词-ing形式作定语1．表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，常置于被修饰词前。①Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.阅览室里任何人不得大声说话。②I'mdeterminedtobuyapairofrunningshoesformydaughterasabirthdaypresent.我决定给我女儿买一双跑鞋作为生日礼物。2．动词-ing形式作定语，表示被修饰词的动作或状态，与被修饰词之间是主动关系，动词-ing形式相当于一个定语从句。①Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.＝Theboythat/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。②Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV．＝Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeoplewhowerewatchingtheopeningceremonyliveonTV．昨晚数百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。3．动词-ing形式作定语的位置(1)单个动词-ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰的名词之前。有些动词-ing形式已转化为形容词，表示“令人……的”。HetoldussomeinspiringstoriesaboutthewinnersoftheNobelPhysicsPrize.他向我们讲述了一些关于诺贝尔物理学奖获得者的励志故事。(2)动词-ing形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰的名词之后。ThestudentsrunningalongthestreetarefromNo.3MiddleSchool.沿街跑步的学生来自第三中学。〖名师点津〗现在分词的被动式、过去分词和动词不定式的被动式作定语的区别语法含义例句现在分词的被动式作定语(beingdone)表示被动动作正在发生Themeetingbeingheldatpresentisofgreatimportance.现在正在开的会议非常重要。过去分词作定语(done)表示被动动作已经完成Theproblemdiscussedatthemeetingyesterdayisveryimportant.昨天会上讨论过的问题非常重要。动词不定式的被动式作定语(tobedone)表示被动动作将要发生Theproblemtobediscussedatthemeetingtomorrowisveryimportant.明天会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。即学即练1单句语法填空①Hardlyhadshereturnedtothe________(confuse)maze(迷宫)whenshesetouttoexplorethefirstfloor.[2024·浙江1月卷读后续写]②Myteachercongratulatedmeonmywinningthefirstprizeinthe________(write)contest.③Thehouses________(build)nowareforthepeoplefromtheflood-strickenarea.confusingwritingbeingbuilt④Families___________(celebrate)theLunarNewYearcanenjoyexcitingdragondancesandcarnivalstogether.⑤Theyoungman________(sit)betweenJohnandMaryisacollegegraduatefromTsinghuaUniversity.⑥Lotsofstudents________(stand)outsideoftheofficearewaitingfortheirexaminationresults.celebratingsittingstanding二、动词-ing形式作表语1．动词-ing形式作表语，

具体说明主语的内容，

与主语通常是对等的关系，

即主语等同于表语，

两者可互换。①OnMarch12th,thetraditionalactivityisplantingtrees.＝OnMarch12th,plantingtreesisthetraditionalactivity.3月12日，传统活动是植树。②Whatworriesmemostisherstayingtoolateeverynight.＝Herstayingtoolateeverynightiswhatworriesmemost.最使我担心的是她每天都熬夜到很晚。2．动词-ing形式作表语，表示主语的性质、特征和状态，其作用相当于形容词，主语和表语的位置不可互换。①Takingpicturesofpolarbearsisamazingbutalsodangerous.拍北极熊的照片很令人惊叹，

但也是很危险的。②Whatshouldbestressedisthedragon-boatracing,whichisveryinterestingandexciting．应该强调的是龙舟赛，这是非常有趣且激动人心的。〖温馨提示〗

1.动词-ing形式与动词不定式作表语的区别(1)动词-ing形式作表语表示抽象的、一般性的动作；Hishobbyispainting．他的爱好是画画。(一般性的动作)(2)动词不定式作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。Hiswishistobuildalearningclubforthekids.他的愿望是成立孩子学习俱乐部。2．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词表示被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来修饰人。①Iwasdeeplymovedbyhismovingwords.我被他那动人的话语深深地打动了。②Thesituationisencouragingwhichmademanypeopleencouraged．形势很令人鼓舞，这使得很多人受到鼓舞。►常见的这类词有：XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

即学即练2

单句语法填空①Onlyafewpeopleshownointerestinclassics,thinkingtheyare________(bore)andhardtounderstand.②WhenIpushedthedooropen,Iwas________(surprise)tofindhestilllaughedoutloudasusual.[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]③John'sbadhabitis________(read)withoutthoroughunderstanding.④Everybodywas________tohearthenews,whichwasvery________．(excite)⑤Whathesaidatthemeetingyesterdaywasvery___________(disappoint).boringsurprisedreadingexcitedexcitingdisappointing学·语言要点知识句型公式：It'sgreatfundoingsth.做某事很有趣【教材原句】

Itwasgreatfunwalkingalongthestreets,enjoyingtherelaxingatmosphere!沿着街道散步，享受着放松的氛围是一件很有趣的事情！havefun(doingsth.)(做某事)玩得开心forfun为了好玩makefunof取笑[练透]单句语法填空①Mymotherenteredthelocalflowershowjust________funandgotthefirstplace.②It'sgreatfun________(go)outforapicniconawarmspringday.[写美]完成句子③世界上有各种各样的主题公园，在那里你可以开心游玩。Thereareavarietyofthemeparksintheworld,__________________．forgoingwhereyoucanhavefun练·课堂5分钟夯基Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Those________(sit)onthebenchattheendoftheclassroomaresomestudents'parents.2．Aninterestingandrewardingexperienceis________(travel)alongtheSilkRoad.3．Thishardworkingstudentfinallyworkedoutthe________(puzzle)problem.sittingtravellingpuzzling4．Alotofstudents________(stand)outsidetheofficearewaitingfortheirexaminationresults.5．Thequestion_____________(discuss)atpresenthassomethingimportanttodowithourdailylife.standingbeingdiscussedⅡ.完成句子1．我的全职工作是教英语，这意味着我以教书为生。Myfull-timejobis________________，

whichmeansImakealivingbyteaching.2．在那里练习拉小提琴的孩子们下周将举行一场演出。Thechildren________________________overtherewillgiveaperformancenextweek.3．现在正在被设计的体育场将是我们城市最大的一个。Thestadium___________________nowwillbethebiggestoneinourcity.teachingEnglishpractisingplayingtheviolinbeingdesigned03.晚练(三)

维度1单句语法填空（每空2分，共40分）1．Thestoriesinthisbookareso

(interest)thatmydaughterdoesn'twanttoputitdown.2．Withthedevelopmentofsocietyandeconomy,thenumberofprivatecarsisincreasingata

(surprise)speed.3．Thefamilylivedinaroom

(face)thesouth.4．Whatwas

(amaze)wasthatbothofuslovedpaintingandwebecamegoodfriendslater.interestingsurprisingfacingamazing5．Doyouknowthenumberofpeople

(come)totheparty?6．Thesoldier'sspeechwasso

(inspire)thatsomeofthestudentspresentatthemeetingcouldn'tholdbacktheirtears.7．Shereceivedane-mailtheotherday

(say)herunclewascomingtovisither.8．Theflowers

(smell)sweetinthegardenattractedmanyvisitors.

9．Hearingthe

(frighten)noise,thelittlegirlhadafrightenedlookonherface.cominginspiringsayingsmellingfrightening10．Havingfailedthemathsexamagain,hefeltvery

.(frustrate).11．Whathesaidatthemeetingyesterdaywasvery

。(disappoint).12．Herjobis

(keep)thelecturehallascleanaspossible.13．Hisdreamis

(become)thefirstChineseastronauttolandon(the)Mars.

14．Oneofhisbadhabitsis

(smoke)whilehavingdinner.frustrateddisappointingkeepingtobecomesmoking15．Families

(celebrate)theLunarNewYearcanenjoyexcitingdragondancesandcarnivalstogether.16．Ican'tgowithyou，forIhavealotofwork

(do).17．Listen！Thesong

(sing)isverypopularwithstudents!18．Pricesofdailygoods

(buy)throughacomputercanbelowerthanthoseinaphysicalstore.19．Myaimis

(let)ChinagototheworldandlettheworldunderstandChina.20．Thehousewhichstandsatthecornerisa

(wait)room.celebratingtodobeingsungboughttoletwaiting

维度2语法与写作（每空2.5分，共17.5分）1．这座可追溯到明代的古庙受到当地政府的保护。Theancienttemple

theMingDynastyisundertheprotectionofthelocalgovernment.2．上周日她给我们讲述的她妈妈的人生故事听起来很感人。Hermother'slifestoryshetolduslastSunday

．3．我班主任的话既有趣又鼓舞人心。Myheadteacher'swords

．datingbacktosoundsverymovingarebothinterestingandencouraging4．在每年的3月12日，传统的活动是植树。On12Marcheveryyear，

．5．在操场打篮球的那个男孩是我们的班长。

isourmonitor.6．为了不吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子，他说话声音很低。Hespokeinalowvoiceinordernotto

．7．至于你上次来信询问我的学习和生活，我想和你分享一下我的近况。Asforyourlastletter

，

I'dliketosharewithyouhowI'mgettingalong.thetraditionalactivityisplantingtreesTheboyplayingbasketballintheplaygroundwakeupthesleepingchildaskingaboutmystudyandlife

维度3语法与语篇（每空2分，共20分）用动词的适当形式填空（一）Everybodyknowsthatcarrotsaregoodforoureyesight.Anewstudysuggeststhatgrapesarealsogoodforoureyes.Theresearchers1.

.(work)attheNationalUniversityofSingaporehavefoundthateatingjustafewgrapesadaycanimproveourvision（视力）.workingThisisespeciallysoforpeoplewhoareolder.DrEunKim,theleadresearcher,said,“Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatgrapesbeneficiallyimpacteyehealthinhumans,whichisvery2.

(excite).Grapesareeasilyaccessiblefruits.”Thisisreally3.

(encourage)newsforpeoplewhodon'treallylikecarrots.Theresearcherscarefullystudiedtheadults4.

(take)partinaseriesofexperimentsover16weeks.Halfoftheadultsateone-and-a-halfcupsofgrapeseachday,theotherhalfateakindofsnack.excitingencouragingtakingDrKimfoundthattheadults5.

(eat)grapeshadimprovedmusclestrengtharoundtheretina（视网膜）.Theretinapassesinformationaboutlighttothebrainthroughelectricalsignals.Itprotectstheeyesfrom6.

(damage)bluelight.Alotofbluelightcomesfromcomputerandsmartphonescreens,andfromLEDlights.eatingdamaging（二）Ithinkwinterisa7.

(fascinate)season,especiallywhenitsnows.Thesnowflakes8.

(fall)onthefieldscovereverythinglikewhitequilts.Inthemorning,manyvolunteers9.

(wear)heavycoatscomeouttocleanthesnow.Theroads10.

(clean)nowwillnotbeslipperyanymore.Whatchildrenexpectmostismakingasnowman.Withsomanychildrenplayingandlaughing,thecoldwinterisfullofwarmthandvitality.fascinatingfallenwearingbeingcleanedⅠ.阅读理解（共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分）

体裁：记叙文

主题语境：烹制感恩节火鸡

难度：★★★☆☆[2024·潍坊高一检测]GrowingupinGeorgia,Thanksgivingformemeantdrivingacoupleofhourssouthtomymom'shouseinAugustaonWednesdaynightandstayinguplateplaying.Firstthingthenextmorning,ataround4or5a．m.,mymomwouldputthebirdintheovenandroastitlowandslowforeighthours,applyingoiltoitevery30minutesandwatchingitlikehawks.Forthispractice,foryearsIthoughtturkeywastheabsolutehardestthingtocookintheworld.Ialsothoughtthatturkeywas,onprinciple,meanttobedry.Thethingis,roastingagreat,juicyturkeyisn'tascomplicated（复杂的）

aspeoplemakeitouttobe.Forme,I'vefoundthatthebestmethodistojustroastitlikeachicken.Noblackmagic.Defrostyourturkey(ifit'sfrozen).Ideallyyou'dletthishappengraduallyina40°Frefrigerator.Bringyourturkeytoroomtemperature.Afridge-coldbirdwillnotcookasevenlyasaroom-temperaturebird.Truss（捆紧）

yourturkey,whichwillensureevencooking.Seasonyourturkeyinthesink.Thisisveryimportant.Mostpeopleseasontheirturkeysstraightinitsroastingpan,leadingtoextrasaltatthebottom.Anotherissueisthatifyou'reapplyingmelted（融化的）

butterandsomeofthatdripsoffintothepan,themilkfatscanburn,andtheonethingwedon'twantonThanksgivingDayisforthesmokealarmtogooff.Roastyourturkey.Manyrecipes（食谱）

callforahighstartandalowfinish.ButIliketoroastmyturkeyfromstarttofinishatamoderate350°F.Restyourturkey.Donotcarvethebirduntilit'srestedforatleast30minutes.Don'tworry,it'llstillbehot—betteryet,thejuiceswillhavespreadalloverandyou'llbelookingatthetenderest,juiciestturkeyofyourlife.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了如何简单地烹制美味的感恩节火鸡的过程。1．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic？(

)A．Byraisingaquestion.B．Bygivinganexample.C．Bymakingsomecomments.D．Byexplainingaphenomenon.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的最后一句“Forthispractice,foryearsIthoughtturkeywastheabsolutehardestthingtocookintheworld.”并结合作者讲述的小时候在感恩节看到母亲做火鸡的过程可知，本文使用举例的方式引出烹制火鸡的话题。故选B。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Season”inParagraph3mean？(

)A．Makeuseof. B．Sortout.C．Separatesomethingfrom. D．Addsomethingto.答案：D解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后句子“Thisisveryimportant.Mostpeopleseasontheirturkeysstraightinitsroastingpan,leadingtoextrasaltatthebottom.”可知，很多人直接在烤锅里进行操作，导致底部有多余的盐，结合选项可知，season的意思应为“加佐料”，其中关键信息是“leadingtoextrasaltatthebottom”。故选D。3．Whydoesthesmokealarmgooffwhilemakingtheturkey？(

)A．Themilkfatsonthepancatchfire.B．Thebutterappliedtotheturkeymelts.C．Thetemperatureofroastingtheturkeyishigh.D．Someextrasaltisleftatthebottomofthepan.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Anotherissueisthatifyou'reapplyingmeltedbutterandsomeofthatdripsoffintothepan,themilkfatscanburn,andtheonethingwedon'twantonThanksgivingDayisforthesmokealarmtogooff.”可知，奶油脂滴到锅里，可能导致燃烧，所以引发烟雾报警器响起的原因是奶油脂着火。故选A。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout？(

)A．Asimplestwaytocookyourturkey.B．AcelebrationforThanksgivingDay.C．Roastingturkeyisatraditionalcustom.D．TheturkeysymbolizesThanksgivingDay.答案：A解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中的最后一句“Forthispractice,foryearsIthoughtturkeywastheabsolutehardestthingtocookintheworld.”可知，本句引出下文话题。结合第二段中的“Forme,I'vefoundthatthebestmethodistojustroastitlikeachicken.Noblackmagic.”以及作者对整个烹制火鸡过程的简述可推知，本文主要讲述的是如何烹制感恩节火鸡。故选A。Ⅱ.七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）体裁：

说明文主题语境：新年庆祝

难度：★★★☆☆[2024·青岛高一检测]Forsome,theNewYearisrunninginonwhenthecalendarturnsfromDecember31toJanuary1.1(

)TheLunarNewYearisaninternationalholidaycelebratedinmanyAsiancountries,thedateofwhichchangesdependingontheyear.Butregardlessofthedate,eachculturecelebratingithaslastingcustoms,traditionsandbeliefs.HereiswhatyouneedtoknowabouttheLunarNewYear.Howlongisit?2(

)Theamountofcelebrationdaysdependsontheculture.Someobservancesarelongerthanothers.In2023,itbeginsonJanuary22andendsonFebruary5.ThefirstdayofitiscalledtheSpringFestival,andthefinaldayistheLanternFestivalinChineseculture.Whocelebratesit?ItiscelebratedthroughoutmanyAsiancultures.AmongthoseareChinese,Korean,Vietnamese,Singaporean,MalaysianandIndonesianculture.3(

)Forexample,intheRepublicofKorea,itiscalledSeollal.Whatsymbolicmeaningdoesithave?SimilartowesternNewYear,itrepresents（象征）

lettinggoofthepastyeartobringinthenewone.AnotherkeyaspecttoLunarNewYearisreunion.4(

)It'salsoimportantforfamiliestopa