建筑工程常见质量问题防治手册

建筑工程常见质量问题防治手册（2021版）目录

4.3

接桩松脱...................................................................一、地基与基础工程.................................................................4...4.沉...桩..深..度..达..不..到...设.1计要求....................................................土方开挖.......................................................................4.5...

沉..桩..桩..位...偏..差..过..大.........1...................................................开挖过程中塌方、滑坡....................................................5..泥..浆...护..壁..灌..注.1桩................................................................基坑内泡水.................................................................5.1...

塌..孔................2.........................................................地基橡皮土.................................................................5.2...

缩..颈................3.........................................................坑底流砂....................................................................5..3.钻..孔..倾...斜............4........................................................坑底土回弹隆起.............................................................5..4..孔..底..沉..渣..超..标...5.............................................................围护桩位移.................................................................5.5...

钢..筋..笼..上...浮........6..........................................................围护缝隙漏水...............................................................5..6..导..管..堵..塞.....................................................................7土方回填.....................................................................6..旋..挖..成...孔..灌..注..桩...............8...................................................弹簧土......................................................................6..1.卡..钻...................8......................................................回填土密实度不够...........................................................6..2.桩...身..缩..颈.....9...............................................................支护结构.......................................................................6.3...

桩..头..不..完...整............1.0.....................................................土层锚杆钻孔偏差.........................................................7..地..下..连..续..墙......................................................................01锚杆孔内浆液不饱满.........................................................7..1.导..墙...破..坏.1或1

变形、槽壁坍塌、槽段弯曲....................................29锚杆长度不足...............................................................7..2..钢..筋..笼..难..以...放..入13槽孔内或上浮...............................................支撑偏位....................................................................7..3.混..凝..土...浇..筑..时..导..管..进13泥/卡管................................................支撑构件开裂...............................................................7..4..接..头..管..拔..不...出..1.4............................................................预制桩..........................................................................7..5.夹..层.........................................................................51桩身断裂....................................................................7..6.泥..浆..质...量..控..制..不..到..位15........................................................桩顶碎裂....................................................................7..7.两..墙..合...一..接..头..夹..渣..、16渗水....................................................1水泥土挡墙、型钢水泥土搅拌墙................................................1.3..筏..板..与.3箱6型基础...............................................................墙体强度不足...............................................................1.3.1..筏..板..渗..漏..水....3.6.............................................................桩标高偏差、桩位偏差.......................................................1.3.2.表..面..裂.37缝..................................................................墙体缩颈....................................................................1.3.3.内..部..裂...纹.........3.8.........................................................墙体渗漏....................................................................1.3.4.施..工..冷...缝.........3.9.........................................................TRD工法........................................................................1.3.5..柱..钢..筋..偏..位............4.0.....................................................型钢接头在同一断面、插入时偏位、入土深度不够................40

14.条形基础......................................................................TRD搅拌墙垂直度偏差过大...................................................1.4.1..基..槽41开尺寸偏差大.........................................................TRD墙体拐角处搭接不连续...................................................1.4.2..垫.层42浇筑厚度不足.........................................................喷浆不正常..................................................................1.4..3.条..形..基...础..钢..筋..绑.4扎3不符合要求..............................................施工冷缝....................................................................1.4.4.条..形...基..础..模..板..尺..寸.44偏差大、垂直度不足..................................64格构柱.........................................................................1.4.5.条..形..基...础..混..凝..土..露..筋...、.4蜂5窝、麻面..........................................拉森钢板桩..................................................................1.5.独..立..基..础...............4.6........................................................桩身锁扣位置渗水..........................................................1.5.1.基...础..位..置.4尺6寸偏差.........................................................桩身偏位...................................................................1.5.2.地..基..不...均..匀..沉..降..4.7.........................................................逆作法......................................................................1.6.降..水...工..程..................4.8....................................................逆作区不均匀沉降..........................................................1.6.1.井...点..真..空.4度8失常...........................................................4.垫层厚度过薄。.................................................................1.6.2.水...质..浑..浊.......4.8...........................................................墙柱接茬部位浇筑不密实...................................................16...3.. 井..斜50......................................................................格构柱与冠梁交界处钢筋过密...............................................1.6.451井管上浮..................................................................预留钢筋锈蚀、弯折、丝扣损伤.............................................1.65.25地下水降水功能不满足要求................................................预留钢筋定位不准..........................................................1.6.6.井...管..破..裂.5.3.................................................................2潜水泵出水不连续、出水量小或不出水..................................74

3.7卷材防水层积水............................................................基坑局部边坡出现流沙堆积或滑裂..........................................735.8卷材铺贴方向错误..........................................................止水帷幕深度不足..........................................................3.9..卷..材..搭..接..缝76未错开..........................................................降水井封闭不规范.......................................................4..自..粘..法..铺..贴..防.77水卷材............................................................第二章防水工程.....................................................................4.1.自..粘...胶..底..面..的..隔..离..7纸8未撕净.................................................防水材料管控...................................................................4.2..接..缝..口..密..封..不...严....7.8........................................................防水材料质量不合格........................................................冷.5..粘..法..铺..贴..防.7水卷材............................................................8基层处理...........................................................................15 胶..粘..剂..涂...刷..不..均..匀.......7.9....................................................结构开裂未处理.............................................................6.1..涂..膜..厚..度..不..足.79..............................................................管道、洞口封堵不到位.......................................................6..2.阴..阳..角..8及0转角部位未做圆角.................................................基层含水率过高.............................................................6.3..防..水..层..空..鼓..、.81开裂..........................................................未涂刷界面剂.............................................................7.防..水..混..凝...土........8.2............................................................未进行闭水试验.............................................................7.1..蜂..窝..、..麻..面..、.83孔洞渗漏......................................................基层未清理.....................................................................27 混..凝..土..施...工..缝..渗..漏84水........................................................阴阳角未做圆角.............................................................7.3..混..凝..土..裂..缝..渗.85漏水..........................................................热熔法铺贴卷材防水.............................................................7..4.预..埋..件...位..置..渗.8漏6水..........................................................卷材空鼓、空气未排出.......................................................7..5.穿..墙..（..8板6）管洞位置渗漏....................................................卷材搭接不到位.............................................................7.6..高..低..跨..位..置..渗.87漏水..........................................................卷材收头不牢...............................................................7..7..行..车..道..位..置...渗..漏88水..........................................................阴阳角及转角部位未加强....................................................7...8. 永..久..伸89缩缝位置渗漏水......................................................管根部位卷材粘贴不牢....................................................8..变..形...缝.....9.0....................................................................出屋面结构未设置防水凹槽..................................................8..1..埋..入91式止水钢板转角、搭接位置渗漏......................................1093浇筑过程中橡胶止水带偏移..............................................四..、..模..板..工110程.......................................................................浇筑前未将垃圾清除........................................................周.1..转..材..的..管.1控11..................................................................地下室连通口沉降橡胶止水带开裂..........................................112.1周转材材质差、尺寸偏差大.................................................屋面变形缝处理不当.........................................................1.2.模..板...使.1用13过程保护不到位....................................................成品保护.......................................................................1...3. 脱..模..剂..涂...刷..不..到..位.

...1.1.4.....................................................防水保护层施工不及时....................................................2.铝..合...金..模.1板14....................................................................不同施工段交接处防水材料保护不到位..................................115

2.1

外墙模板未采用拉片式......................................................三、钢筋工程.......................................................................2.2... 滴..水..线..在...外..墙..边..未..断.1开16......................................................钢筋加工.......................................................................2.3... 企..口..、..滴...水..线..位..置..的..早116拆顶托头未深化..................................135钢筋弯钩长度不够...........................................................2.4.采...用..免..抹.1灰16未对砌块厚度做深化.............................................直螺纹露丝.....................................................................52 铝..模..、..木...模..结..合11部7

位未考虑拆卸方式......................................137钢筋焊接....................................................................2.6.机..电..安...装..深..化..不..到11位........................................................8钢筋安装.......................................................................2...7. 一..次..预..埋...无..可..靠..的..定..位120措施.................................................钢筋定位....................................................................2.8.脱..模..剂...选..用..不..当..1.2.0.........................................................钢筋保护层.................................................................2.9... 全..钢..爬..架...支..座..与12铝2

模K

板冲突...............................................钢筋搭接及锚固...........................................................3.木..模...........1.2.3...............................................................洞口加强筋.....................................................................13 二..次..结..构...设..置..在12不4

便施工的部位.............................................钢筋接头位置...............................................................3.2..一..次..预..埋..未...考12虑5............................................................钢筋绑扎....................................................................3.3.一..次..预...埋..无..可..靠..的12定位措施.................................................6梁二排钢筋间距.............................................................3.4..吊..模..未..考..虑.1采27用型材加固....................................................箍筋间距....................................................................3.5.后..浇..带...未..考..虑..单..独12设置......................................................8钢筋成品保护...............................................................3.6..剪..刀..撑..间..距...过12大9............................................................4边梁部位未与架体相连....................................................1.原...材..料..管.1控48....................................................................大梁位置立杆数量、间距未按方案实施..................................149

1.1配合比不满足设计要求......................................................未对顶板标高进行复核........................................................1.2.级..配.15比0不满足设计要求.....................................................车库挡墙外侧架体下方场地未硬化........................................151.3外加剂掺量不满足规范要求.................................................水平杆数量不足、扫地杆缺失...............................................1.1452运输时间过长..............................................................顶托伸出长度过长..........................................................1.5.现...场..擅..自15加3水..............................................................老墙螺杆使用不到位.....................................................2.蜂....窝..麻..面..1.5.4....................................................................涉水部位未使用止水螺杆.................................................3.开..裂..渗.15水5.......................................................................吊模加固不到位............................................................3.1..大..体..积..混..凝15土开裂..........................................................6模板未按要求起拱..........................................................3.2.楼...板..开..裂15.7..................................................................模板拼缝不严..............................................................3.3..地..下..室..外..墙..1开58裂............................................................柱模偏位...................................................................3.4.施..工..缝...、..后..浇..带.1开59裂........................................................柱模下部漏浆............................................................4.孔..洞............1.6.0..............................................................大钢模.......................................................................5.漏..筋.......................1.6.1....................................................深化设计不到位，预留孔洞遗漏或偏位..................................1616.夹渣...........................................................................支撑体系不稳固...........................................................7.尺..寸..偏..差.......16................................................................2..特殊部位支模.................................................................8.混..凝..土..强..度...偏..差......1.6.3.........................................................止水钢板安装不牢固.........................................................8.1.早..期...强.1度63不足..............................................................筒体无可靠的操作平台.......................................................8.2.最..终..强164度不满足设计要求....................................................采光井支模架无卸载层.......................................................8.3.不..同..强165度混凝土混浇........................................................放线洞等洞口支模随意.......................................................8.4.冬..期..施166工无温度控制措施....................................................五、混凝土工程...................................................................9.成..品..保..护...不..到..位.......1.6.7........................................................5加载过早....................................................................4.2.A.L.C..板..材..料..不..合...格18.6..........................................................收面措施执行不到位.........................................................4.3.A.L.C..板..深18化7设计排版问题....................................................养护不足....................................................................4.4.A.L.C..板..接..茬..裂..缝...............................................................881六、砌体工程.......................................................................4.5... A.L.C.板...预..埋..件..偏..位....189.........................................................加气块砌体.....................................................................4.6..A.L.C.板..接...茬..粘..结..砂..浆.1不89密实..................................................砌筑砂浆强度不合格......................................................5.构....造..措..施...1.8.9...................................................................砌块原材不合格.............................................................5.1..有..水..房..间..混.1凝90土挡水坎根部未凿毛..........................................2深化设计不合理.............................................................5.2..植..筋..孔..偏..位.1或91清理不到位....................................................标高控制错误...............................................................5.3..植..筋..拉..拔..不...符19合2要求........................................................填充墙一次砌筑过高.........................................................5.4.构..、...圈.1梁93混凝土浇筑不密实.................................................基层清理不彻底、干砖上墙..................................................5.5..拉19结4筋未通长设置或设置不合理.............................................留槎方式不正确.............................................................5.6..混..凝..土..压..顶.1伸95入两侧墙体长度不足、坡度不合理..................215灰缝控制较差且不均匀一致..................................................5.7..过19梁6深入两侧墙体长度不足、过梁下挠..................................216通缝、假缝.....................................................................85 门..窗..两..侧...实..心..砖19未7

设置或者高度不合理..................................217墙面抹灰裂缝起壳........................................................6.机..电..协..调....1.9.8..................................................................多孔砖砌体.....................................................................6.1..机..电..配..管..开...槽..时..随..意19性9比较大...............................................砌块裂缝....................................................................6.2.机..电..工...序..倒..置....1.9.9.........................................................墙体渗水....................................................................6.3.机..电..修...补..质..量..较..差20..........................................................0空心砖砌体.................................................................七..、..抹..灰..工..程...............2.0.1........................................................尺寸外形偏差缺陷.........................................................1.普..通..砂..浆.....2.0.1.................................................................ALC轻质隔墙....................................................................1.1.抹...灰..砂..浆..的..强..度...与20设2计不符.................................................ALC

板粘结砂浆不合格.........................................................2..1 原..材..料.2进02场无质保措施......................................................6砂浆含泥量过高...........................................................2.涂..料..面..层.......2.2.3................................................................抹灰大面空鼓...............................................................2..1..基..层..未..验..收...2.2.4..............................................................线管开槽处空鼓.............................................................2.2..表..面..不..平..整.2.................................................................52门窗洞口处空鼓.............................................................2.3..空..鼓..、..开..裂.2.................................................................62抹灰面开裂.................................................................2.4... 色..泽..不..均.......2.2.7............................................................不同材质基层交界处开裂....................................................2.5... 起..泡22.8......................................................................机电线管线盒处开裂.........................................................2.6.附..着...力.2差29...................................................................抹灰表面不平整、阴阳角不方正、不顺直............................230

3.自流平面层....................................................................墙面颜色不一致，修补色差明显............................................23.1

气孔太多...................................................................石膏砂浆.......................................................................3...2. 起..壳..、..开...裂..........2.3.2......................................................石膏砂浆强度与设计不符....................................................3.3... 厚..度23不2

均匀.................................................................石膏砂浆细度不符合要求....................................................3...4. 颜..色23不3

均、色差明显........................................................石膏砂浆凝结时间不符合要求..............................................4.石..材23、4地砖面层................................................................外加剂控制不合理...........................................................4.1.空...鼓.....2.3.5.................................................................成品保护.......................................................................4.2... 开..裂..................2.3.6.....................................................抹灰养护不到位.............................................................4.3..缺..边..掉..角....2.3.6...............................................................转角处抹灰破损严重.........................................................4.4.缝..宽...不.2一37致.................................................................抹灰面随意开槽、打凿.......................................................4..5.接..缝..不238平...................................................................八、楼地面工程...................................................................5.木..、..竹..地...板..面..层.......2.3.9........................................................水泥砂浆地面...................................................................5.1..湿..胀..起..拱..........2.3.9.........................................................地面起砂....................................................................5..2.走..路..有...声..响......2.3.9..........................................................地面空鼓、开裂.............................................................5.3..木..地..板..翘..弯.2变40形............................................................7干缩离缝....................................................................6.2.外..墙...沉..降..观..测..点..破259坏........................................................地板条规格宽窄不一，企口榫太松..........................................260.3墙面污染...................................................................九、涂饰工程...................................................................十..、..墙..面....................26.......................................................1..材料使用不正确...............................................................1.基..层..处..理...........2.6.1...........................................................有水房间内未使用防霉材料..................................................1.1..混26凝1土缺陷未修补..........................................................外墙面漆抗雨水渗透性差....................................................1.2... 螺..杆26眼2

、穿墙洞口未封堵....................................................涂料质量不符合要求.........................................................1.3.钢..丝...网.2悬63挂不合格..........................................................腻子质量不符合要求.........................................................1.4.灰..饼...、.2冲64筋间距过大........................................................涂料墙面.....................................................................2.面..砖..墙...面................2.6.5......................................................墙面存在空鼓、起皮.........................................................2.1.面..砖...空.2鼓65、脱落............................................................墙面存在开裂、脱落.........................................................2.2.面..砖...存.2在67色差..............................................................墙面存在色差...............................................................2.3..面..砖..开..裂.....................................................................962墙面分格缝不顺直...........................................................2.4.线...条..不..顺.2直70、面层不平整....................................................墙面阴阳角不顺直................................................