浙江省宁波市某中学2025-2026学年高三适应性考试（五）英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1浙江省宁波市某中学2025-2026学年高三适应性考试（五）英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AJointheGoldenGateNationalParksVolunteerProgramtokeeptheparksecologicallyhealthyandwelcomingforvisitors!Keytasksincluderemovingharmfulplants,collectingnativeseedsforfutureplantingandclearinglitteredremains.You’llplayakeyroleinsupportinghabitatrestoration,trailmaintenance,andlandscapecareacrossthreeiconiclocations:GoldenGateNationalrecreationArea,MuirWoodsNationalMonument,andFortPointNationalHistoricSite.●Groups&TimeCommitmentGroupsof10ormorearewelcomebutshouldinformthevolunteeroffice3daysinadvance.Thishelpsstaffprepareenoughtoolsandassigntasksmoreefficiently.Eachvolunteershiftlasts2-8hoursperday,withaweekly-maximumof40hourstobalanceworkandrest.Westicktotheschedulerainorshine,socomereadyforchangingweather.●Age,Skills&WhattoBringAge:Mostprojectsrequirevolunteerstobeatleast14yearsold,whiletrailrepairtasksneedparticipantsaged16+.Specificswillbesharedwhenyousignupforashift.Skills:Nopriorexperienceisneeded!Weprovidealltraining,toolsandon-siteleadershiptoguideyouthrougheachtask.Items:Bringclothes,longpants(toavoidscratches),andclosed-toeshoes.Also,prepareweatherlayers,raingear(ifrainisforecast),areusablewaterbottle,andsunscreen.●Safety&BenefitsSafety:Youmayneedtolift10-20Ibsandworkonunevenground;talktostaffifyouhavephysicalconcerns.Avoidpoisonoak,checkforticksaftershifts,andrunzigzagifyellowjackets(黄蜂)aredisturbed.Donottouchdangerousitems—alertstaffimmediately.Call911foremergencies.Benefits:Enjoyhealthyoutdoorworkwhilemakingadifference!You’llworkwithparkstaffanddiversevolunteers,learnabouttheparks’ecologyandhistory,andconnectwiththesespecialnaturalspaces.1.Whatisthemaintaskfortheprogramvolunteers?A.Tostudyharmfulplants. B.Todonateforhabitatrestoration.C.Tocollectseedsforresearch. D.Topreservetheparks’landscapes.2.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthevolunteers?A.Theymustbeagedover16. B.Theywillreceiveon-siteguidance.C.Theycanchooselocationsfreely. D.Theyshouldpreparetoolsinadvance.3.Whatisthebenefitofjoiningtheprogram?A.Avoidingriskyoutdooractivities. B.Enjoyingtheparks’beautifulscenery.C.Buildingupcloselinkswithparkstaff. D.Understandingthelocalecologybetter.【答案】1.D2.B3.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了金门国家公园志愿者项目的核心任务、团队与时间要求、年龄技能及携带物品、安全须知和参与益处等相关信息。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Keytasksincluderemovingharmfulplants,collectingnativeseedsforfutureplantingandclearinglitteredremains.You’llplayakeyroleinsupportinghabitatrestoration,trailmaintenance,andlandscapecareacrossthreeiconiclocations(关键任务包括清除有害植物，收集当地种子以备将来种植，清理散落的残余垃圾。您将在支持三个标志性地点的栖息地恢复、步道维护和景观护理方面发挥关键作用)”可知，志愿者的主要任务是保护公园景观。故选D项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据Age,Skills&WhattoBring部分“Weprovidealltraining,toolsandon-siteleadershiptoguideyouthrougheachtask.(我们会提供所有培训、工具和现场指导，协助您完成每项任务)”可知，志愿者会获得现场指导。故选B项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据Safety&Benefits部分“You’llworkwithparkstaffanddiversevolunteers,learnabouttheparks’ecologyandhistory,andconnectwiththesespecialnaturalspaces.(您将与公园工作人员和各种志愿者合作，了解公园的生态和历史，并与这些特殊的自然空间建立联系)”可知，参与项目能更好地了解当地生态。故选D项。BIpackedmyfamilyintoouroldcarandsetoffona3,000kmtripfromSydneytotheoutback,hopingtocreatelastingmemoriesforthekids.Myplanseemedambitious—coveringsuchdistanceswithtwoyoungkidsinthebackmightsoundcrazytoasensibleperson.Formostofthejourney,weoftenfeltannoyed,arguingabouttheremainingdistanceandthediscomfortinthecar.I’dhadoutbackroadtripmemoriesasakidandwantedmycity-raisedchildrentoseethevastopenspaces.Atabird-hidenearForbes,wewatchedaswampwithbrightgreenwateranddeadtrees.EagertoshareAustralianfolkstories,Iconfidentlytoldthekidsthatamysteriouscreaturelivedthere—butstumbledwhentheyaskedmefollow-upquestions.Theirenthusiasmforthesmallestjoyknockedmeforsix.Ataroadsidemotelthatlookedlikeamovieset,thekidslovedbeingwokenbythenighttrains,cheeringeachtime.Afterthreedays,wereachedBrokenHill—atowndominatedbyabigslagheap(矿渣堆),justasremarkableasIremembered.Surroundedbykilometersofmineral-richland,itsstreetsimplyitsminingroots.Ifearedthemineralmuseumwouldborethekids,buttheyyelledwithjoy,thinkingitwasreal-lifeMinecraft.Thetripwasn’tfantastic—Ievencomplainedabouthardmattressesonthebedandsmalltowels.ButonEastermorning,thekidswentwildforasimpleegghuntinourcheapmotelroom,thrilledtosearcheverycorner.Isetouttoteachthekidsaboutthefarreachesofourstate,wheninfactthekidswerethebestperspectiveIcouldaskforallalong.4.Whydidtheauthororganizethetrip?A.Toexplorethelocals’uniquelifestyle.B.Tomakesharedmemoriesforthefamily.C.Todocumentthekids’exposuretonature.D.Torelivethespecialoutbackexperiences.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbled”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Trippedovermywords. B.Arguedaboutthestories.C.Subscribedtotheirviews. D.Reflectedonthememories.6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthetrip?A.Itwellfulfillsitsoriginalpurpose.B.Itisworthwhiledespiteinconveniences.C.Itleavesthefamilyanunpleasantmemory.D.Itisanambitiousbutdisappointingattempt.7.Whatkeymessagedoestheauthortrytoconveythroughthepassage?A.Traveljoyliesinovercomingchallenges.B.City-raisedkidscaneasilyadapttotheoutback.C.Wegainunexpectedinsightsthroughkids’eyes.D.Theoutbackoffersmoreuniquesightsthancities.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者带着家人从悉尼到内陆进行3000公里旅行，途中虽有烦恼但也有惊喜，孩子们给作者带来新视角。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Ipackedmyfamilyintoouroldcarandsetoffona3,000kmtripfromSydneytotheoutback,hopingtocreatelastingmemoriesforthekids.(我把家人塞进我们的旧车里，从悉尼出发，踏上了3000公里的内陆之旅，希望能给孩子们留下永恒的回忆。)”可知，作者组织这次旅行是为了给家人创造共同的回忆。故选B。【5题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“EagertoshareAustralianfolkstories,Iconfidentlytoldthekidsthatamysteriouscreaturelivedthere—butstumbledwhentheyaskedmefollow-upquestions.(我迫不及待地想和孩子们分享澳大利亚的民间故事，自信地告诉他们那里住着一个神秘的生物——但当他们问我后续问题时，我却stumbled。)”可知，作者自信地给孩子们讲故事，但是当孩子们问后续问题的时候，作者却回答不上来，由此可知，stumbled意思是“说话结结巴巴，不流畅”，与“Trippedovermywords.(说话结结巴巴。)”意思相近。故选A。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thetripwasn’tfantastic—Ievencomplainedabouthardmattressesonthebedandsmalltowels.ButonEastermorning,thekidswentwildforasimpleegghuntinourcheapmotelroom,thrilledtosearcheverycorner.Isetouttoteachthekidsaboutthefarreachesofourstate,wheninfactthekidswerethebestperspectiveIcouldaskforallalong.(这次旅行并不精彩——我甚至抱怨床上的硬床垫和小毛巾。但在复活节早晨，孩子们在我们便宜的汽车旅馆房间里疯狂地寻找鸡蛋，兴奋地搜遍了每一个角落。我本想教孩子们了解我们州遥远的地方，但实际上，孩子们一直是我能要求的最好的视角。)”可推知，作者认为这次旅行尽管有不便之处，但还是值得的。故选B。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Isetouttoteachthekidsaboutthefarreachesofourstate,wheninfactthekidswerethebestperspectiveIcouldaskforallalong.(我本想教孩子们了解我们州遥远的地方，但实际上，孩子们一直是我能要求的最好的视角。)”可知，作者想通过文章传达的关键信息是“我们通过孩子的眼睛获得了意想不到的见解”。故选C。COnthewaytovacation,you’rejazzedanddistracted:“DidIpackenoughclothes?”“Didweturnofftheheater?”Thetraveldaygoesbyinarush.Goinghomeisanotherstory.Thesamethree-hourjourneyseemstodragonbetweenlayovers(中途停留),trafficandrest-stopfood.Howcanonewayfeelsodifferentfromtheother?YonasonGoldson,anauthorandethicist,explainsthatwhenwetraveltoanewplace,wetendtobeinamorepositivemindset.“There’stheexpectationthatsomethingmoreexciting,interesting,newandfuniswaitingforus,”hesays.“Thatmakesthetrippartoftheexperience.Bycontrast,thetriphomefeelsanticlimactic.”Anotherexplanationistheoncomingweightofthepost-vacationblues.Asthesayinggoes,“Timeflieswhenyou’rehavingfun.”Perhapstimecrawlswhenyou’redepressed.However,thereturntripdoesn’talwaysfeellonger.Infact,somepeoplefindthewaytothedestinationevenmoreexhausting.PsychiatristGarySmallrelatesittothe“returntripeffect,”whicharguesthatthefirstlegofatrip(outwardjourney)canfeellongerbecausewetendtounderestimatehowlongitwilltake.Wemayguessthewaytherewillgobyquickerthanitdoes,leadingtoa“violationofexpectation.”Bythereturntrip,aswe’vegottentoknowtheroute,itfeelslesschallenging.However,thiseffectusuallyoccurswhenwe’retravelingsomewhereforthefirsttime.Ifwetravelafamiliarroute,thereturntripmayinsteadfeellonger.Smallrecommendsintroducingsomenoveltyintothetriphometohelppassthetime.Thiscanincludedoingpuzzles,engaginginconversationsortakingdifferentroutestochallengeyourmind.Inaddition,youcanchangehowyoutravelaltogether.SusanSherren,founderofatravelagency,encouragesclientstoplantripswitha“bellcurve”itinerary(行程):easingintothevacation,buildinguptotheexciting,action-packeddays,thenslowingdownbeforeit’sover.Inthisway,you’renotleftfeelingexhausted.Youcanalsoplanenjoyableactivitiestolookforwardtowhenyougethometosoftenacrashlandingbackintoyournormalroutine.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anticlimactic”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Excitingandrewarding.B.Disappointingandlessdramatic.C.Fastandenjoyable.D.Dangerousandchallenging.9.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph4?A.Routefamiliaritymakestheoutwardjourneyseeminglyshorter.B.Thereturnjourneyfromafirst-timedestinationfeelsshorter.C.Theoutwardjourneyappearsshorterduetopredictabletime.D.Violationofexpectationresultsinalongerreturnjourney.10.SusanSherren’s“bellcurve”itineraryhelpsclientsto.A.extendthevacationwithoutextracostsB.havechancesforthrillingexperiencesC.readjusttotherhythmsofdailylifeD.returnhomeonschedule11.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.DoesTravelFeelLongerontheWayHome?B.HowCanWeImproveTravelExperience?C.WhatCausesExhaustioninReturnTrip?D.DoestheReturnTripLackNovelty?【答案】8.B9.B10.C11.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了为何返程旅程与去程相比会感觉不同，并给出了一些应对方法。【8题详析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“YonasonGoldson,anauthorandethicist,explainsthatwhenwetraveltoanewplace,wetendtobeinamorepositivemindset.“There’stheexpectationthatsomethingmoreexciting,interesting,newandfuniswaitingforus,”hesays.“Thatmakesthetrippartoftheexperience.Bycontrast,thetriphomefeelsanticlimactic.”(作家兼伦理学家YonasonGoldson解释说，当我们去一个新的地方旅行时，我们往往会处于一种更积极的心态。“我们期待着会有更令人兴奋、有趣、新鲜和有趣的事情等着我们，”他说。“这使旅行成为体验的一部分。相比之下，回家的旅程感觉anticlimactic。”)”可知，与去新地方旅行时的兴奋期待相比，回家之旅没有那么令人激动，是有些让人扫兴，anticlimactic意思是“令人失望的，不够精彩的”。故选B。【9题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“However,thereturntripdoesn’talwaysfeellonger.Infact,somepeoplefindthewaytothedestinationevenmoreexhausting.PsychiatristGarySmallrelatesittothe“returntripeffect,”whicharguesthatthefirstlegofatrip(outwardjourney)canfeellongerbecausewetendtounderestimatehowlongitwilltake.Wemayguessthewaytherewillgobyquickerthanitdoes,leadingtoa“violationofexpectation.”Bythereturntrip,aswe’vegottentoknowtheroute,itfeelslesschallenging.However,thiseffectusuallyoccurswhenwe’retravelingsomewhereforthefirsttime.Ifwetravelafamiliarroute,thereturntripmayinsteadfeellonger.(然而，返程并不总是感觉更长。事实上，有些人发现去目的地的路更让人疲惫。精神病学家GarySmall将其与“返程效应”联系起来，该效应认为，旅程的第一段（去程）可能会感觉更长，因为我们往往会低估所需的时间。我们可能会猜测去那里的路比实际走得更快，从而导致“期望违背”。到了返程时，由于我们已经熟悉了路线，感觉就不那么有挑战性了。然而，这种效应通常发生在我们第一次去某个地方旅行时。如果我们走一条熟悉的路线，返程可能会感觉更长)”可知，去首次前往的目的地时，返程会感觉更短。故选B。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“SusanSherren,founderofatravelagency,encouragesclientstoplantripswitha“bellcurve”itinerary(行程):easingintothevacation,buildinguptotheexciting,action-packeddays,thenslowingdownbeforeit’sover.Inthisway,you’renotleftfeelingexhausted.Youcanalsoplanenjoyableactivitiestolookforwardtowhenyougethometosoftenacrashlandingbackintoyournormalroutine.(旅行社创始人SusanSherren鼓励客户规划“钟形曲线”行程：轻松进入假期，逐渐过渡到充满刺激和活动的日子，然后在假期结束前放慢脚步。这样，你就不会感到筋疲力尽。你还可以计划一些有趣的活动，期待回家后能软着陆，重新回到你的日常生活)”可知，SusanSherren的“钟形曲线”行程帮助客户重新适应日常生活的节奏。故选C。【11题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Onthewaytovacation,you’rejazzedanddistracted:“DidIpackenoughclothes?”“Didweturnofftheheater?”Thetraveldaygoesbyinarush.Goinghomeisanotherstory.Thesamethree-hourjourneyseemstodragonbetweenlayovers(中途停留),trafficandrest-stopfood.Howcanonewayfeelsodifferentfromtheother?(在去度假的路上，你既兴奋又分心：“我带了足够的衣服吗？”“我们关掉加热器了吗？”旅行日匆匆而过。回家是另一回事。同样的三个小时的旅程，在中途停留、交通和休息站的食物之间似乎漫长无比。为什么一种方式会给另一种方式带来如此不同的感觉？)”可知，文章主要探讨了为何返程旅程与去程相比会感觉不同，并给出了一些应对方法。可知，A选项“DoesTravelFeelLongerontheWayHome?(回家的路上旅行感觉更久吗？)”最符合文章标题。故选A。DTheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(诱惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轰炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.12.WhatwasthekeyforchildrentogetasecondtreatintheStanfordtest?A.Selectingtheirfavoritesugarysnack.B.Remainingaloneintheroomfor15minutes.C.Resistingtheimmediatedesiretoeatthefirstone.D.Followingtheinstructionsgivenbythepsychologist.13.Whatdoestheauthorimplyby“aversionofthemarshmallowtest”foradults?A.Adultsaretestedwithdigitaldevicesinsteadoftreats.B.Adultsfacemorecomplextemptationsthanchildren.C.Adultsmustalsodelaycontentmentinthedigitalage.D.Adultsareassessedontheabilitytoshareinformation.14.Accordingtothetext,whatistherootcauseofpeople’sstruggleagainsttemptation?A.Thelackofself-disciplineinourcontemporarysociety.B.Themismatchbetweenourancientbrainsandmodernenvironment.C.Theoverabundanceofcalorie-richfoodsinthemarket.D.Theconstantbombardmentofnewinformationfromdigitaldevices.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheMarshmallowTest:LessonsforModernLifeB.DelayingSatisfaction:AKeytoSuccessC.WhyOurBrainsStruggleintheModernWorldD.HowtoManageInformationConsumption【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章结合棉花糖实验，论述信息时代需理性控制信息消费的观点。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃糖果前等待15分钟，就会得到第二份糖果。)”可知，孩子们得到第二份糖果的关键在于抵抗住立刻吃掉第一份糖果的冲动。故选C。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottemptedbysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试的一个版本。我们不会被甜食诱惑，而是会被我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑诱惑——所有这些设备都将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来，这些信息对我们所起的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童所起的作用一样。)”可知，作者暗示成人在数字时代也必须延迟满足感。故选C。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.(但是，随着我们重塑了周围的世界，大大降低了获取卡路里的成本和努力，我们仍然拥有几千年前相同的头脑，这种不匹配正是为什么我们很多人难以抗拒我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。)”可知，人们与诱惑作斗争的根本原因是我们古老的大脑与现代环境之间的不匹配。故选B。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“TheStanfordmarshmallowtestwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.(斯坦福棉花糖实验最初由心理学家沃尔特・米歇尔于20世纪60年代末开展。)”和最后一段“Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombardedwithnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.(我们对信息的反应也遵循着类似的逻辑。人类在成长关键期所处的环境信息匮乏，因此大脑进化出了珍视新信息的机制。但全球互联彻底改变了我们的信息环境，如今我们不断受到新信息的“轰炸”。因此，正如我们需要更理性地控制热量摄入一样，我们也需要更审慎地对待信息消费，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以最有效地管理时间。)”可知，文章首先介绍了斯坦福棉花糖测试，然后类比到成人面对信息诱惑的情况，指出我们也需要像对待热量摄入一样谨慎对待信息摄入，以有效管理时间。因此，A选项“TheMarshmallowTest:LessonsforModernLife(棉花糖测试：现代生活的启示)”最能概括文章主旨。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Anapologycanachievegreatthingsforboththegiversandthereceiversalthoughnobodylikestoadmitthattheywerewrong.Anapologyiscrucialtoourphysicalhealth.Whenweacknowledgethatwearewrongdoersandexpressourguilttoothers,wewillfreeourselvesfromtheuncomfortablestate.Thisactfeelslikeaweightonushasbeenlifted.____16____Researchshowedthatheartrate,sweatlevelsandfacialtensiondecreasedinvictimsofwrongsevenwhentheysimplyimaginedreceivinganapology.Apologizingaffectsusnotjustphysically,butalsomentally.____17____Whenpresentedwithanapology,thevictimsmayviewusasimperfecthumanbeingsandfinditeasiertogiveforgiveness.InapowerfulpieceinPsychologyToday,writerBeverlyEngeldescribedhowasimple“I’msorry”fromhermother,afterbeingestrangedfromeachotherforthreeyears,madeherrelievedemotionally.Butlet’sbereal,apologizingcanbedifficult.____18____Weshouldrecognizeouractiondidhurtsomeoneevenifourintentionmaynothavebeenso.Insteadofmakingexcusesforwhatwedid,trytobearresponsibilityandofferapromisetotakeactionsothatwewillnotrepeatthebehaviorinfuture.____19____Ofcourse,themosteffectiveapologiesoftenbringacosttoourdignity,sincewehavetoadmitthatwearewronginfrontofothersormanypeople.____20____Asisknown,itisoneofthemostpositiveactionswecantakewhenwedosomethingwrong—forourselves,theothers,andtherelationship.So,goahead,apologizealittlemoreoftenforthethingsworthapologizingfor.A.Thereareagreed-uponwaystoexpressourapologytoothers.B.It’sawayofshowingthepricewepaidforthewrongedaction.C.Agoodapologyaffectsthehealthofthoseonthereceivingend,too.D.Butthiscanoftenbeminorcomparedtothebenefitsofaproperapology.E.Thismeansweshouldtaketheblameandnottrytojustifyitorexplainitaway.F.Apologizeforwhatyoudidratherthanwhatotherpeoplemighthavethoughtaboutit.G.Ithastheabilitytodisarmothersoftheirangerandtopreventfurthermisunderstandings.【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.E20.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了道歉对我们的好处。【16题详析】根据上文“Whenweacknowledgethatwearewrongdoersandexpressourguilttoothers,wewillfreeourselvesfromtheuncomfortablestate.Thisactfeelslikeaweightonushasbeenlifted.(当我们承认自己是做错事的人，并向别人表达我们的内疚时，我们就会从不舒服的状态中解脱出来。这一举动让我们感觉卸下了负担)”和下文“Researchshowedthatheartrate,sweatlevelsandfacialtensiondecreasedinvictimsofwrongsevenwhentheysimplyimaginedreceivinganapology.(研究表明，即使只是想象得到道歉，被伤害者的心率、排汗量和面部紧张程度也会降低)”可知，道歉不仅让做错事的一方感觉卸下负担，也对收到道歉的人有好处。故C项“Agoodapologyaffectsthehealthofthoseonthereceivingend,too.(一个好的道歉也会影响收到道歉的人的健康)”符合题意。故选C。【17题详析】根据主旨句“Apologizingaffectsusnotjustphysically,butalsomentally.(道歉不仅会影响我们的身体，还会影响我们的精神)”推知，空处应陈述道歉在精神方面给人们带来的好处。G项“Ithastheabilitytodisarmothersoftheirangerandtopreventfurthermisunderstandings.(它有能力消除别人的愤怒，防止进一步的误解)”符合题意，anger属于精神范畴。故选G。【18题详析】空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Weshouldrecognizeouractiondidhurtsomeoneevenifourintentionmaynothavebeenso.Insteadofmakingexcusesforwhatwedid,trytobearresponsibilityandofferapromisetotakeactionsothatwewillnotrepeatthebehaviorinfuture.(我们应该认识到我们的行为确实伤害了某人，即使我们的意图可能并非如此。与其为我们所做的事找借口，不如试着承担责任，承诺采取行动，这样我们以后就不会再犯同样的行为了)”可知，认识到自己确实伤害某人，与其找借口不如主动承担责任，承诺以后绝不再犯。结合常识可知，上述道歉的方法是大家公认的方法。故A项“Thereareagreed-uponwaystoexpressourapologytoothers.(我们向他人表达歉意的方式已经达成一致)”符合题意，下文具体陈述这些一致的方法是什么。故选A。【19题详析】空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Insteadofmakingexcusesforwhatwedid,trytobearresponsibilityandofferapromisetotakeactionsothatwewillnotrepeatthebehaviorinfuture.(与其为我们所做的事找借口，不如试着承担责任，承诺采取行动，这样我们以后就不会再犯同样的行为了)”可知，这样做意味着我们应该承担责任，不再辩解。E项“Thismeansweshouldtaketheblameandnottrytojustifyitorexplainitaway.(这意味着我们应该承担责任，而不是试图为其辩护或解释)”符合题意，是对上文的进一步解释。故选E。【20题详析】根据上文“Ofcourse,themosteffectiveapologiesoftenbringacosttoourdignity,sincewehavetoadmitthatwearewronginfrontofothersormanypeople.(当然，最有效的道歉往往会给我们的尊严带来代价，因为我们不得不在别人或很多人面前承认自己错了)”可知，最有效的道歉方式往往有失尊严。根据下文“Asisknown,itisoneofthemostpositiveactionswecantakewhenwedosomethingwrong—forourselves,theothers,andtherelationship.So,goahead,apologizealittlemoreoftenforthethingsworthapologizingfor.(众所周知，当我们为自己、他人和关系做错事时，这是我们可以采取的最积极的行动之一)”可知，做错了事，就应该道歉，这是可以采取的最积极的行动之一。由此可知，和道歉带来的好处相比，尊严受到一点伤害是可以接受的。D项“Butthiscanoftenbeminorcomparedtothebenefitsofaproperapology.(但与一个恰当的道歉所带来的好处相比，这往往是微不足道的)”符合题意。故选D。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thecharmoftheoceanhasalwaysbeenapowerfulforce,andamongitsmostgrandinhabitantsisthehumpbackwhale(驼背鲸).Mypersonalencounterwithahumpbackwhaleisanexperiencethathas____21____myunderstandingofthenaturalworldandmyplacewithinit.Thatmorning,ourresearchshipfloatedquietlyintheGulfofAlaska.Afterhoursofpatient____22____,ahugehumpbackwhalesuddenly____23____justmetersaway.Itstayedbesideus,____24____liftingitsheadasifstudyingusinreturn.Atone____25____moment,thewhaleturnedanddirectly____26____me—itslarge,intelligenteyeholdingmineinagazethatfelttimelessanddeeplyconnecting.Scientistsbelievesuchbehavior____27____curiosity—aspecificattemptto____28____thespeciesdivide.Duringthoseprofoundminutes,thewhalefeltlikeaconsciousbeingchoosingto____29____.Thiscommonattentiveness,especiallythatmomentofsilenteyecontact,transformedtheencounterintoa(n)____30____beyondwords,changingmyunderstandingofinterspecies____31____.Tome,thewhale’sgraceful____32____feltlikeasilentprayerforcoexistence,____33____methatwearepartofnature.AsmarinebiologistSylviaEarleoncesaid,“Noblue,nogreen.”Withouthealthyoceans,thereisnohealthy____34____.Thatday,thehumpbackwhalebecamemy____35____,andIwasitshumblestudent.21.A.created B.reshaped C.achieved D.challenged22.A.preparation B.investigation C.appreciation D.observation23.A.surfaced B.attacked C.dived D.swam24.A.apparently B.eventually C.occasionally D.immediately25.A.anxious B.remarkable C.joyful D.decisive26.A.soughtfor B.approvedof C.submittedto D.lookedat27.A.releases B.reflects C.awakens D.satisfies28.A.display B.repair C.explore D.bridge29.A.reply B.engage C.survive D.withdraw30.A.dialogue B.conflict C.incident D.mission31.A.recognition B.cooperation C.distance D.connection32.A.figure B.reaction C.presence D.encounter33.A.warning B.reminding C.informing D.guaranteeing34.A.future B.life C.planet D.climate35.A.follower B.partner C.admirer D.teacher【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.D27.B28.D29.B30.A31.D32.C33.B34.C35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在阿拉斯加湾与驼背鲸相遇的经历，以及这次邂逅对其认知自然和物种关系的深刻影响。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我与一头驼背鲸的亲身邂逅，重塑了我对自然世界以及自己在其中所处位置的理解。A.created创造；B.reshaped重塑；C.achieved实现；D.challenged挑战。根据后文“changingmyunderstandingofinterspeciesconnection”可知，这次邂逅彻底改变了作者的认知，即重塑了理解。故选B项。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过数小时耐心的观察，一头巨大的驼背鲸突然在几米外浮出水面。A.preparation准备；B.investigation调查；C.appreciation欣赏；D.observation观察。根据前文“researchship”和研究背景，可知作者一行人在进行观察工作。故选D项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过数小时耐心的观察，一头巨大的驼背鲸突然在几米外浮出水面。A.surfaced浮出水面；B.attacked攻击；C.dived潜水；D.swam游泳。根据后文“stayedbesideus,liftingitshead”可知，鲸鱼从水下出来停在船边。故选A项。【24题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：它停在我们旁边，偶尔抬起头，仿佛也在研究我们。A.apparently显然地；B.eventually最终；C.occasionally偶尔；D.immediately立刻。根据后文“liftingitshead”可知，根据鲸鱼的自然行为，抬起头的动作应是偶尔发生的。故选C项。【25题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那个非凡的时刻，鲸鱼转过身，径直看着我——它那双巨大而聪慧的眼睛与我对视，那目光感觉永恒而又紧密相连。A.anxious焦虑的；B.remarkable非凡的；C.joyful快乐的；D.decisive决定性的。根据后文“timelessanddeeplyconnecting”可知，这个对视的时刻是意义非凡的。故选B项。【26题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在那个非凡的时刻，鲸鱼转过身，径直看着我——它那双巨大而聪慧的眼睛与我对视，那目光感觉永恒而又紧密相连。A.soughtfor寻找；B.approvedof赞成；C.submittedto屈服；D.lookedat看着。根据后文“itslarge,intelligenteyeholdingmineinagaze”可知，鲸鱼正看着作者。故选D项。【27题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：科学家认为，这种行为反映了好奇心——一种跨越物种界限的特定尝试。A.releases释放；B.reflects反映；C.awakens唤醒；D.satisfies满足。根据前文“Scientistsbelievesuchbehavior”以及后文“curiosi