专题01 非谓语动词作主语宾语表语和宾语补足语（期末复习讲义）（原卷版）

1/11专题01非谓语动词(主语,宾语,表语,补足语)（期末复习讲义）年份卷别考点 考情分析2025新高考I卷不定式作宾语【考向透视】1.聚焦非谓语动词运用：重点考查非谓语动词作足语,宾语,表语和宾语补足语。2.重视特殊结构：“it的形式主语/宾语的句型。3.结合语境考查：将非谓语动词融入语篇，如语法填空、短文改错，需结合上下文判断非谓语动词，对学生的语境理解和语法运用能力要求更高。4.与其他语法综合：常与强调句、名词性从句、状语从句结合考查，学生需准确区分不同从句类型和引导词的用法。【复习目标】1.掌握核心语法：牢记非谓语动词的基本用法、适用情形，能精准判断非谓语动词词，明确其在从句中的语法功能。2.突破难点易错点：攻克“it形式主语/宾语”结构、非谓语动词和,名词性从句的辨析。3.提升语境运用能力：在不同语境中快速分析句子结构，准确填写非谓语动词，提高语法填空的准确率。4.写作运用：在书面表达中，灵活、准确运用非谓语动词，丰富句式，提升作文的语言质量。1月浙江动名词作宾语北京高考过去分词作宾语补足语2024全国甲卷不定式作宾语新高考I卷过去分词作表语全国乙卷动名词作宾语2023新高考I卷不定式作宾语新高考I卷不定式作宾语补足语新高考I卷现在分词作主语补足语非谓语动词之主语非谓语动词之主语知识点01动词不定式作主语一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.戒烟是正确的。易｜错｜点｜拨1.在“Itis/was＋adj.＋for/ofsbtodosth”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind，nice，foolish等词，且sb与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。知识点02动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，一般都放在谓语动词前，有时用it作形式主语。如：Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火会很危险。易｜错｜点｜拨常用动名词作主语的句型：Itis/wasawaste(of...)/nouse/nogooddoingsthItisgenerousofhimtocontributesomuchmoneytothepoor.他捐献了这么多钱给穷人真是太慷慨了。ItwasimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.把英语学好对我们来说很重要。Itisnousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。【即时检测】一、语法填空1．Ittookthedesignerthreewholedays(complete)thatprogramme.2．It’snecessary(lock)thecarwhenyoudonotuseit.3．(expose)tosunshinelongisknowntodamagetheskinsofpeople.(所给词的适当形式填空)4．(develop)goodhabitsisimportantforyoungchildren’sgrowth.二、完成句子1．Itisstrictlyprohibitedtofeedthewildanimalsinanynationalpark.(用V-ing作主语改写句子)2．I’msorrytohearthatyouarehavingdifficultyinmakingfriends.（句型转换it作形式主语）→非谓语动词之宾语非谓语动词之宾语知识点01动词不定式作宾语①常跟不定式作宾语的动词：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，volunteer，pretend主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help②动词tell,show,understand,know,explain,teach,learn,advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。Pleasetellmewhentostarttheproject.请告诉我何时开始这个项目。③在某些动词如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。知识点02动名词作宾语①常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想consider，suggest/advise，lookforwardto，excuse/pardon，admit，delay/putoff，fancy避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏avoid，miss，goon/keepon，practise，deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免forbid，imagine，risk，can’thelp，mind，allow/permit，escape②以介词to结尾后接动名词做宾语的常见短语：lookforwardto盼望;devote…to把…投入…中；payattentionto注意；beused/accustomedto习惯于；getdownto开始认真做某事；stickto坚持③以可以省略的in/from结尾、后面接动名词做宾语的常见短语：havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth做某事有…困难haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)doingsth做某事很愉快/不愉快thereisnopoint(in)doingsth做某事没意义stop/preventsb(from)doingsth阻止/禁止宾语…易｜错｜点｜拨既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词(注意两者间意思的不同)，常见的有：下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(meantodosth打算做某事,meandoingsth意味着做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth忘记要去做某事(未做),forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事(已做过或已发生)))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(regrettodosth对要做的事感到遗憾(未做),regretdoingsth对做过的事后悔(已做)))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth努力去做某事,trydoingsth尝试做某事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(goontodosth继续做另一件事,goondoingsth继续做原来做的事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth记住去做某事(未做),rememberdoingsth记得做过某事(已做)))4.在need，want，require等后表示被动意义，不定式要用被动语态，动名词不需要。Mybikeneedstoberepaired.＝Mybikeneedsrepairing.我的自行车需要修理。【即时检测】1．Canyougivemesomeadvice?Ifinditdifficult(motivate)myworkerstoworkmoreefficiently.2．Theairlineguarantees(provide)afreehotelstayiftheflightisdelayedformorethan4hours.3．Thepoorassistantmissedthepresentationandfeltveryfrustrated,sohisfriendkept(comfort)him.4．Duringtheeducationalfieldtriptothemountain,wedeeplyrealizedthedifficultywehad(protect)wildanimals,whoselivingenvironmentwasatrisk.二、完成句子1．Manycharitiesandcommunitygroupsraisemoneythroughreusingandrecyclinggoods.(句子重构)2．Ibelievethatitisnecessarythatyoushouldpayavisittoyourschoolfriends.(句型转换)→Ibelieveitnecessaryavisittoyourschoolfriends.非谓语动词之表语非谓语动词之表语知识点01动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作。MydreamistoenterPekingUniversity.我的梦想是考入北京大学。知识点02动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。知识点03分词作表语现在分词作表语意为“令人……的”；而过去分词作表语意为“人感到……的”。It’swellknownthatatigerlooksveryfrightening.众所周知，老虎看起来令人很害怕。Weweremovedatthenewsthathehaddiedforthemotherland.听到他为国捐躯的消息，我们都很感动。【即时检测】一、语法填空1．Theaimofthisinvestigationis(bring)thetruthtolight,whichisanupliftingnoticeforthepublic.2．Ourgoalaseducatorsis(inspire)studentstopursuetheirpassionsandachievetheirdreams.3．​Herjobis(justify)thecompany’snewpolicytothepublic.(她的工作是向公众解释公司新政策的合理性。)4．Myfavoritehobbyis(read)classicnovels,whichenrichesmyknowledgeandvision.5．Progressisalways(motivate);anysmallprogresscaninspirepositiveemotionsthatwillmakeyouworkharder.6．Ifeel(cheat)really.IwasmeanttogotoFranceandnowit’sonlyLeeds.二、完成句子1．Themanseemstobetired.(改写为用过去分词作表语的句子)2．Arrivingatthefactoryhalfanhourearlyishishabit.(句型转换)→Hishabitis.3．WhatshallIdoifsheasksmeforsomeadvice?(句型转换)→WhatamIifsheasksmeforsomeadvice?易｜错｜点｜拨1.不定式和动名词作表语有时可通用，只不过不定式更侧重具体某一次，而动名词更侧重惯常性的动作状态。2.不定式作表语时，不定式符号to的省略情况：当be动词前的句子部分有do/does/did等(当“做”讲)时。3.作表语的现在分词和过去分词是形容词化了的分词；现在分词v-ing表示:令人/使人/让人…的，过去分词v-ed表示:感到…的exciteexcitingexcited;surprisesurprisingsurprisedinterestinterestinginterested;disappointdisappointingdisappointed;delightdelightingdelighted;embarrassembarrassingembarrassed;非谓语动词之宾语补足语非谓语动词之宾语补足语知识点01动词不定式作宾语补足语1.有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋todo”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议allow允许ask询问；要求beg恳求cause导致encourage鼓励permit准许forbid禁止force强迫intend打算invite邀请order命令；要求persuade说服prefer更喜欢require需要；要求teach教remind提醒tell告诉want想要warn警告wish希望；想要waitfor等待callon号召；要求dependon依靠urge催促；力劝Thepoliceexaminedthecarsandallowedthemtogoahead.警察检查了这些汽车，允许它们上路。2.下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是：sbbesaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋todo/tohavedone/tobedone/tobedoing/tohavebeendonesth知识点02非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，observe，lookat，notice，hear，listento，feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：see＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(doingsth,看见……正做……,dosth,看见……做了……))⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(beingdone看见……,正在被做,done看见……被做))⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))[注意]“感官动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时需加to。(2)使役动词make，let，have，get后接复合宾语的情况：①make＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do让……做……⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),done让……被做⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))②let＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do让……做……⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),bedone让……被做⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))③have＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth让……做某事,doingsth\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(使……持续,做某事))))⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),\a\vs4\al\co1(done使……被做)⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))注意(1)“使役动词＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语”在变为被动语态时也需加to。(2)havesbdoingsth用于否定句中，常与can’t，won’t等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。④get＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth使……做,doingsth使……开始做))\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系),done使……被做⇒\x(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系)))3.动词leave，keep，find，catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况(1)leaveeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb/sthdoingsth,让某人/物一直,处于某种状态)⇒\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(宾语与宾补之间是,逻辑上的主动关系，,表示动作正在进行)),\a\vs4\al\co1(sthundone,留下某事未做)⇒\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(宾语与宾补之间是,逻辑上的被动关系，,表示被动和完成，,宾补一般多为undone，,unfinished，unsettled，,untouched，etc.)),\b\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(sbtodosth让某人去做某事,sthtobedone留下某事要做))⇒\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(动词不定,式表示将,来的动作))))(2)keepeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb/sthdoingsth让某人/物一直做某事,\a\vs4\al\co1(sb/sthdone使某人/物被……)⇒\x(表示被动且完成，或表示状态)))(3)findeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sbdoing发现某人正在做……,sb/sthdone\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(发现某人/物,已经……)),sb/sthtobe...\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(发现某人/物……))))⇒eq\x(\a\vs4\al\co1(表示,完成,或状态))(4)catchsbdoingsth撞见某人正在做某事知识点03“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成或表状态(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生【即时检测】一、语法填空1．Passingbythemusicroomyesterday,Iheardmyfavoritesong(sing)bytheschoolchoir.2．Hesatbythewindowforhours,withhismind(wander)backtothehappydayshespentwithhisgrandparentsinthecountryside.3．Luckily,withherparents(comfort)herbyvideophones,shebecameautonomoussoonandeventuallygotherbachelor’sdegreesuccessfully.4．Nowthatyoucan’tseetheworldclearly,you’dbetterhaveyoureyes(examine)atthehospital.5．Observinghisseconddaughter(employ)indecoratingahat,Mr.Bennetrolledhiseyes.6．Ifastudenthashishead(lower)tolookathiswatch,itimpliesheisboredandjustcountingtheminutesfortheclasstoend.二、完成句子1．Heconcentratedhismindonhisworkanddidn’tnoticemyappearance.a.,hedidn’tnoticemyappearance.(with复合结构)b.,hedidn’tnoticemyappearance.(独立主格结构)2．Buthestillrefusedtolookatme,andhisfacewasburiedinhisarmswithawhispered“no”.→Buthestillrefusedtolookatme,withawhispered“no”.(现在分词作状语)→Buthestillrefusedtolookatme,withawhispered“no”.(with复合结构)→Buthestillrefusedtolookatme,withawhispered“no”.(独立主格结构)3．Therearesomeprogramstotrytogetmorestudentsinvolvedinsports.（同义句转换）→Therearesomeprogramstotrytogetmorestudentsinsports.4．DidJacksonmendacomputerhimself?No.HeaskedSmithtomenditbecauseheknowsnothingaboutthecomputer.（句型转换）DidJacksonmendacomputerhimself?No.HebySmithbecauseheknowsnothingaboutthecomputer.基础通关（测试时间：10分钟）一、单项选择1.Itisourresponsibility________ourenvironmentandwearemakingprogress.A.protecting B.protect C.toprotect D.beingprotected2.________goldinRiopaintsthemost________portraitoftheteam’scompetitivespirit.A.Winning,vivid B.Beingwon,amusingC.Won,intense D.Towin,complicated3.________themeetinghimselfgavethepublicagreatdealofencouragement,instantlyboostingthestockmarket.A.Thepresidentattending B.ThepresidenthadattendC.Thepresidentattended D.Thepresident’sattending4.Tommy’swishis________hisdebtinthenearestfutureandstartanewchapteroflife.A.payingoff B.givingway C.topayoff D.togiveway5.Whatworriedthechildmostwas________tovisithisbrotherinhospital.A.hisnotbeingallowed B.hisnotallowingC.hisbeingnotallowed D.havingnotbeenallowed6.________,hecan’tgooutforawalkasusual.A.Withsomuchworktodo B.WithsomuchworkdoingC.Withsomuchworkdone D.Withoutsomuchworktodo7.Ifyouhavetrouble________mathematics,youcanapply________theMathFoundationWorkshop.A.learning;tojoin B.tolearn;tojoin C.learning;joining D.tolearn;joining8.Ididn’tmean________anythingbuticecreamlookedsogoodthatIcan’thelp________.A.toeat,totry B.eating,trying C.eating,totry D.toeat,trying9.Withtheresearch________,IfeltthatIhadenoughknowledgetostartmyreport.A.done B.doing C.tobedone D.havingdone10.When________,you’dbettermakeyourself________asmuchaspossible.A.talking,understand B.saying,understoodC.telling,understand D.speaking,understood重难突破（测试时间：10分钟）一、语法填空1.Ifyouassumehisguess________(be)true,whatdoyouplantodonext?2.________offallhisdebtsintime,hehadtodoseveraljobseveryday.3.Withthesun________(rise),thetopofMountTaiisbathedinbrilliantsunshine.4.Iwasexcited________(meet)myfriendatthetopoftheMountHuang.5.Ifyouassumehisguess________(be)true,whatdoyouplantodonext?6.Therewillbemanytasksforthem________(complete)nextmonth.7.________(warn)signshavebeenputuparoundtheconstructionsite.8.Oncethesundriesthetea,theyneedtopickoutanydiscoloration(变色).This________(sort)processusuallytakesmonthstofinish.9.TheclimateofChangchuninAprilandMayismild,________(mean)itisalwaysagoodtimetovisit.10.—Hurryup!Don’thavethecar________(wait)atthegate.—I’llbereadyafterIhavemysuitcase________(pack).易混易错（测试时间：10分钟）单项选择1.Heisoftenlistenedto________Englishsongs,butthistimewehadhim________aRussiansong.A.tosing,sing B.tosing,tosing C.sing,tosing D.sing,sing2.Afterthecountrywonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboys________togotoschool.A.tobeencouraged B.havingbeenencouragedC.encouraged D.encouraging3.Herjobis________patientsinthehospital;butthisweekendhertaskis

________hergranny.A.nursing;lookingafter B.nursing;tolookafterC.tonurse;lookingafter D.tonurse;tolookafter4.Withthework________,shefeltgreatlyrelieved(放松的).A.finishing B.finished C.tofinish D.finish5.Itis________thecustomers’needsthathasmadechainstoressopopularinbigcitiesinChina.A.meeting B.met C.tohavemet D.beingmet6.Iregret________youthatthere’snothingwecandotohelpyou.A.telling B.beingtold C.totell D.tobetold7.Thosecandidatesprefer________theteachingpositionsintheremoteareas,becausetheyfinditmeaningful________contributionstosociety.