专题04 选择性必修第二册Unit 4~6 单元词汇短语句型梳理（高考高频词+高考真题）（期末复习知识清单）（背诵版）

3/7专题04选择性必修第二册4~6单元词汇短语句型梳理清单清单01词类转换(变出精彩，举一反三)※1.conservev.保护；保存→conservationn.保护；保存→conservativeadj.保守的；传统的→conservativelyadv.保守地2.innovatev.创新；革新→innovationn.创新；革新→innovativeadj.创新的；革新的→innovatorn.创新者；革新者3.advocatev.提倡；拥护n.倡导者；支持者→advocacyn.倡导；拥护→advocativeadj.倡导的；支持的※4.regulatev.管理；规范；调节→regulationn.规则；管理→regulatoryadj.管理的；监管的→regulatorn.管理者；调节器※5.negotiatev.谈判；协商→negotiationn.谈判；协商→negotiatorn.谈判者；协商者→negotiableadj.可协商的6.facilitatev.促进；使便利→facilitationn.促进；便利→facilitativeadj.促进性的→facilitatorn.促进者；协调者7.migratev.迁移；迁徙→migrationn.迁移；迁徙→migrantn.移民；迁徙动物→migratoryadj.迁移的；迁徙的8.transformv.使改变形态；使改观→transformationn.转变；变革→transformativeadj.变革性的；转换的※9.dominatev.支配；主导→dominationn.支配；统治→dominantadj.占主导地位的→dominantlyadv.主要地10.stabilizev.使稳定；稳固→stabilityn.稳定；稳固→stableadj.稳定的；稳固的→stablyadv.稳定地※11.collaboratev.合作；协作→collaborationn.合作；协作→collaborativeadj.合作的；协作的→collaboratorn.合作者12.simulatev.模拟；模仿→simulationn.模拟；仿真→simulatedadj.模拟的；仿造的→simulatorn.模拟器13.accumulatev.积累；积聚→accumulationn.积累；积聚→accumulativeadj.累积的；渐增的→accumulatedadj.累积的14.justifyv.证明……正当；为……辩护→justificationn.正当理由；辩护→justifiedadj.有正当理由的→justifiableadj.可辩解的15.classifyv.分类；归类→classificationn.分类；类别→classifiedadj.分类的；机密的→classifiern.分类器16.notifyv.通知；告知→notificationn.通知；告知→notifiedadj.已通知的→notifiableadj.须报告的17.optimizev.优化；使最优化→optimizationn.优化→optimaladj.最佳的；最优的→optimallyadv.最佳地18.prosperv.繁荣；兴旺→prosperityn.繁荣；兴旺→prosperousadj.繁荣的；成功的→prosperouslyadv.繁荣地19.restrainv.抑制；约束→restraintn.抑制；约束→restrainedadj.克制的；受约束的→restrainingadj.抑制的20.substitutev.代替；替代n.替代品；代用品→substitutionn.代替；替换→substitutableadj.可替代的21.verifyv.核实；证实→verificationn.核实；证实→verifiableadj.可核实的；可证实的→verifiedadj.已核实的※清单02识词知意(厚积薄发，熟能生巧)22.violatev.违反；违背→violation清单02识词知意(厚积薄发，熟能生巧)1.breakthroughn.突破；重大进展2.boundaryn.界限；边界；分界线3.conquerv.征服；战胜；克服4.obstaclen.障碍；阻碍；妨碍物5.persistv.坚持；持续；固执6.endurev.忍受；忍耐；持续存在7.delicateadj.脆弱的；微妙的；精细的8.fragileadj.易碎的；脆弱的；不牢固的9.preservev.保护；保存；维护10.conservev.节约；保护；保存11.ecosystemn.生态系统；生态体系12.balancen.平衡；均衡；v.使平衡13.restorev.恢复；修复；归还14.survivaln.生存；存活；幸存15.adaptv.适应；改编；使适应16.toleratev.容忍；忍受；包容17.withstandv.承受；抵挡；经受住18.crisisn.危机；危急关头；紧急情况19.urgentadj.紧急的；紧迫的；迫切的20.vitaladj.至关重要的；生死攸关的21.resilientadj.有弹性的；能复原的；适应力强的22.sustainableadj.可持续的；能长期维持的清单清单03高频短语(积少成多，活学活用)1.breakthrough突破；冲破；取得重大进展2.pushtheboundaries拓展界限；突破局限3.overcomelimitations克服限制；突破束缚4.makeabreakthrough取得突破；获得重大进展5.devoteoneselfto致力于；献身于6.inpursuitof追求；寻求7.againstallodds尽管困难重重；不顾一切8.takerisks冒险；承担风险9.protect...fromharm保护……免受伤害10.preservebiodiversity保护生物多样性11.besensitiveto对……敏感；易受影响12.onthevergeof处于……边缘；濒临13.conservenaturalresources节约自然资源14.threatentheecosystem威胁生态系统15.takeprecautionsagainst预防；防范16.fightforsurvival为生存而战17.adapttoharshconditions适应恶劣环境18.surviveon靠……生存；依赖……维持生命19.intimesofcrisis在危机时刻；危难之际20.struggleagainst与……作斗争；对抗21.risetothechallenge迎接挑战；挺身而出22.makeeveryefforttosurvive竭尽全力生存清单清单04高频句型(精彩句型，句句精彩)1.Itis/was...that...强调句型ItwasLincolnwhogavethenationanewvisionofwhatAmericashouldbebasedontheidealssetdownbyitsFoundingFathers.正是林肯根据开国元勋们确立的理想，给了国家一个关于美国应该是什么样子的新愿景。2.make/find/feel/think+it+adj.+that...形式宾语结构Theincidentmadeitclearthattherat,mouseandrabbitproblemneededsolvingonceandforall.这一事件清楚表明，老鼠和兔子的问题需要彻底解决。3.分词短语作状语Spottingthecarwithitswindowleftopen,thegreedythiefdidn’thesitate.看到车窗开着的汽车，贪婪的小偷毫不犹豫。4.Only+状语+部分倒装Onlythencanwelooktowardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.只有到那时，我们才能期待和谐地共享我们的城市栖息地。清单清单05单元写作(通用表达，范文背诵)Unit4BreakingBoundaries一、单元介绍本单元以“突破界限”为核心主题，涵盖个人层面突破自我局限、学科领域打破专业壁垒、社会层面跨越偏见与隔阂、人类探索未知突破认知边界等内容。应用文写作侧重突破主题的感悟文、给困境中他人的鼓励信、关于创新突破的演讲稿、推动跨领域合作的倡议信等，要求学生能够清晰阐述突破界限的具体案例与意义，准确传递突破过程中的勇气与坚持，运用富有感染力的语言传递突破困境、追求卓越的信念。二、通用表达①话题单词突破核心：breakboundaries（突破界限）、surpasslimits（超越极限）、overcomebarriers（克服障碍）、breakthrough（突破）、transcend（超越）、innovation（创新）、exploration（探索）态度与品质：courage（勇气）、perseverance（坚持）、determination（决心）、audacity（胆识）、persistent（坚持不懈的）、resolute（坚定的）、fearless（无畏的）场景与对象：self-limitation（自我局限）、professionalbarrier（专业壁垒）、prejudice（偏见）、隔阂（estrangement）、unknownfield（未知领域）、cross-disciplinary（跨学科的）、explorer（探索者）动作与结果：challenge（挑战）、strive（奋斗）、endeavor（努力）、achieve（实现）、succeed（成功）、makeprogress（取得进步）、createmiracles（创造奇迹）②段首句、主题句、段尾句段首句：Lifeisaprocessofconstantlybreakingboundaries,andeverybreakthroughbringsusclosertoabetterself.Inthejourneyofhumanexploration,breakingthroughtheknownboundariestopursuetheunknownhasalwaysbeenourpersistentpursuit.Iwasdeeplymovedbythestoryofapersonwhobrokethroughnumerousdifficultiestorealizehisdream,andIwanttoshareitwithyou.Topromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,itisnecessaryforustobreakprofessionalbarriersandcarryoutcross-disciplinarycooperation.主题句：Thekeytobreakingboundariesliesinhavingthecouragetochallengethestatusquoandtheperseverancetosticktoourgoals.Thiscross-disciplinarycooperationprojectbreaksthetraditionalprofessionalbarriersandprovidesanewwaytosolvecomplexproblems.Thestoryofthisexplorershowsusthataslongaswehaveanunyieldingspirit,wecanbreakthroughthelimitsofthehumanbodyandmind.Breakingsocialprejudicesrequiresnotonlyindividualeffortsbutalsothejointattentionandpromotionofthewholesociety.段尾句：Letusdaretobreakboundaries,facechallengesbravely,andcreateourownwonderfullife.Thespiritofbreakingboundariesisthedrivingforceforhumanprogress,andweshouldinheritandcarryforwardthisspirit.Ihopethisstorycaninspireyoutostepoutofyourcomfortzoneandbravelybreakthroughthelimitationsthatbindyou.Onlybybreakingdownbarriersandunitingasonecanwebetterrespondtothechallengesofthetimesandachievecommondevelopment.Unit5AdelicateWorld一、单元介绍本单元以“脆弱的世界”为核心主题，涵盖生态系统的脆弱性、生物多样性的保护、人与自然的和谐共生、气候变化对脆弱环境的影响等内容。应用文写作主要包括生态保护倡议书、脆弱生态环境现状报告、呼吁保护生物多样性的书信、环保活动策划书等，要求学生能够清晰阐述脆弱世界的具体表现与面临的威胁，准确传递保护脆弱生态的紧迫性与重要性，运用逻辑清晰、情感真挚的语言唤起他人的保护意识。二、通用表达①话题单词脆弱性相关：delicate（脆弱的）、fragile（脆弱的）、vulnerable（易受伤害的）、fragility（脆弱性）、susceptible（易受影响的）生态与生物：ecosystem（生态系统）、biodiversity（生物多样性）、species（物种）、habitat（栖息地）、ecology（生态学）、naturalreserve（自然保护区）环境威胁与保护：threat（威胁）、danger（危险）、pollution（污染）、deforestation（森林砍伐）、protect（保护）、preserve（维护）、conserve（保存）、safeguard（守护）人与自然：harmoniouscoexistence（和谐共生）、human-naturerelationship（人与自然关系）、environmentalawareness（环境意识）、sustainabledevelopment（可持续发展）②段首句、主题句、段尾句段首句：Ourearthisadelicateworld,andeverylinkintheecologicalchainiscloselyconnectedandvulnerabletodamage.Withtheaggravationofhumanactivities,moreandmorefragileecosystemsarefacingseverethreats,whichrequiresourimmediateaction.Toprotectbiodiversityandsafeguardourdelicateworld,ourschoolplanstocarryoutaseriesofenvironmentalprotectionactivities.Thefragilepolarregionsarethebarometersofglobalclimatechange,andtheirchangesaffectthewholeworld.主题句：Thedestructionofspecieshabitatsisthemainreasonforthelossofbiodiversity,whichseriouslyendangersthebalanceofthedelicateecosystem.Thecoreofthisenvironmentalprotectionactivityistoletmorepeoplerealizethefragilityoftheworldandenhancetheirawarenessofecologicalprotection.Protectingthedelicateworldisnotonlytoprotectotherspeciesbutalsotoprotectthelivingenvironmentofhumanbeingsthemselves.Reducingcarbonemissionsandslowingdownglobalwarmingisanimportantmeasuretoprotectfragileecologicalenvironmentssuchasglaciersandrainforests.段尾句：Letustakeeverysmallactionindailylifetoprotectthedelicateworldandleavealivablehomeforfuturegenerations.Onlybyrespectingnature,adaptingtonatureandprotectingnaturecanweachieveharmoniouscoexistencewiththedelicateworld.Ibelievethatwiththejointeffortsofallpeople,wecanreversethefragilesituationoftheecosystemandmaketheearthmorevibrant.Protectingthedelicateworldisalong-termtaskthatrequiresthepersistenceofeverygeneration.Letusstartfromnowon.Unit6Survival一、单元介绍本单元以“生存”为核心主题，涵盖极端环境下的生存挑战、困境中的生存智慧、灾难中的自救与互救、生命价值与生存意义等内容。应用文写作侧重生存经验分享文、灾难自救指南、困境中的鼓励信、关于生命与生存的演讲稿等，要求学生能够清晰阐述生存过程中的关键措施与智慧，准确传递面对困境的勇气与坚持，运用务实且富有感染力的语言传递对生命的敬畏与珍视。二、通用表达①话题单词生存核心：survival（生存）、survive（存活）、existence（存在）、life（生命）、survivalskill（生存技能）、self-rescue（自救）困境与挑战：extremeenvironment（极端环境）、disaster（灾难）、difficulty（困境）、crisis（危机）、danger（危险）、adversity（逆境）生存智慧与品质：wisdom（智慧）、courage（勇气）、perseverance（坚持）、calmness（冷静）、adaptability（适应能力）、resourcefulness（足智多谋）动作与措施：rescue（救援）、helpeachother（互助）、overcome（克服）、endure（忍受）、struggle（挣扎）、protect（保护）、preserveenergy（保存体力）②段首句、主题句、段尾句段首句：Survivalisthebasicrightofalllivingthings,andinthefaceofdifficultiesanddangers,survivalrequiresbothcourageandwisdom.Ihavereadabookaboutsurvivalinthewilderness,whichtellsmanypracticalsurvivalskillsthatareworthlearning.Whenadisastercomes,masteringcorrectself-rescuemethodsiscrucialtoimprovingthechancesofsurvival.Thestoryofpeoplestrugglingtosurviveinadversitymakesusdeeplyrealizethetenacityandpreciousnessoflife.主题句：Stayingcalmandmakingrationaljudgmentsisthefirststeptosurviveinextremeenvironments.Thecoreofthissurvivalguideistoteachpeoplehowtousethesurroundingresourcestohelpthemselvesinthewild.Mutualhelpandsupportbetweenpeoplecangreatlyimprovethechancesofsurvivalinthefaceofdisasters.Theprocessofstrugglingtosurvivenotonlytestspeople'sphysicalstrengthbutalsoreflectsthestrengthofhumanwill.段尾句：Learningsurvivalskillsisnotonlytodealwithemergenciesbutalsotobetterunderstandandcherishlife.Ihopethissurvivalguidecanhelpmorepeoplemasterself-rescueskillsandprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilieswhendangerscome.Thetenacityoflifeintheprocessofsurvivalistouching.Letusalwaysrespectandcherisheverylife.Nomatterhowdifficultthesituationis,aslongaswehavethewilltosurviveandtherightmethod,wecanfindawayoutofadversity.题型题型012单词拼写(夯实双基，厚积薄发)根据汉语提示写出单词的正确形式1.Theteammanagedtobreakthroughtheboundary(边界)oftraditionaltechnologyandachievedinnovation.2.Wemustovercome(克服)theobstaclesinourwaytoaccomplishthechallengingtask.3.Hergreatdetermination(决心)helpedherpersistinpursuingherdreamdespitefailures.4.Thescientist’sbreakthrough(突破)inmedicalresearchhassavedthousandsoflives.5.Thedelicate(脆弱的)ecosystemoftherainforestisbeingthreatenedbyhumanactivities.6.Manyrarespecies(物种)areonthevergeofextinction(灭绝)duetohabitatloss.7.Weshouldtakeactiontopreserve(保护)thefragilebalanceofnature.8.Hiscouragetoventure(冒险)intounknownfieldsinspiredmanyyoungpeople.9.Intheharsh(恶劣的)desertenvironment,onlytoughplantscansurvive.10.Thegovernmentlaunchedaprojecttorestore(恢复)thedamagedwetlandecosystem.11.Sheshowedgreatresilience(韧性)toendure(忍受)thehardshipsofthesurvivalchallenge.12.Thebarrier(障碍)betweendifferentculturescanbecrossedthroughcommunication.13.Usingrenewableenergyiscrucialtosustain(维持)thehealthofourplanet.14.Thediversity(多样性)oflifeonEarthisessentialforecologicalbalance.15.Theyhadtostruggle(挣扎)forfoodandwaterinthedesperatesurvivalsituation.16.Hisambition(抱负)toexploretheoceanfrontierdrovehimtostudymarinescience.17.Pollutionhascausedseriousdamage(损害)tothevulnerablecoastalecosystems.18.Tosurvive(生存)inthewild,onemustmasterbasicsurvivalskills.19.Theharmony(和谐)betweenhumansandnatureisthekeytosustainabledevelopment.20.Sheexceeded(超越)everyone’sexpectationsbyovercomingtheseeminglyimpossiblechallenge.题型题型022单句语法填空(一词多变，活学活用)用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1.(2023新课标I卷)Thesurvival(survive)ofendangeredspeciesdependsoneffectiveprotectionmeasures.2.(2024新课标II卷)Shewasdeeplyinspired(inspire)bytheexplorer’scouragetobreakboundaries.3.(2025新课标I卷)Thedelicacy(delicate)ofthecoralreefecosystemrequirescarefulpreservation.4.(2023全国甲卷)Hisdetermination(determine)toovercomedifficultieswonhimwidespreadrespect.5.(2024全国乙卷)Theadaptation(adapt)ofanimalstoclimatechangeisaslowandcomplexprocess.6.(2025新高考I卷)Wewereamazed(amaze)bythescientist’sinnovative(innovate)approachtoenvironmentalprotection.7.(2023新高考II卷)Thepreservation(preserve)ofculturalandnaturalheritageisofglobalsignificance.8.(2024新课标I卷)Thethreat(threaten)ofhabitatdestructionhasforcedmanyspeciestomigrate.9.(2025新课标II卷)Herpersistence(persist)inpursuinghergoalfinallyledtoagreatbreakthrough.10.(2023全国乙卷)Itisessential(essence)toraisepublicawarenessofprotectingfragileecosystems.11.(2024全国甲卷)Therecovery(recover)ofthedamagedwetlandwilltakeatleasttenyears.12.(2025新高考II卷)Thecourageous(courage)ex