考前押题04 阅读理解之应用文、记叙文说明文必刷15题（期末复习专项训练）（解析版）

1/1考前押题04阅读理解之应用文、记叙文&说明文必刷15题（期末复习专项训练）文体类型话题归纳（亮点聚焦）内容导航（抓分关键）应用文人物风采（伟人、平民榜样）观点交锋（科技、学习利弊建言）场景沟通（访谈、出行规划）4.文旅宣传（景点、公园投稿推广）1.速抓人物身份、核心贡献2.明辨论点论据，提炼立场3.锁定场景关键词，理清交流目的4.萃取景点特色，把握宣传核心记叙文名人成长（达尔文、杨振宁奋斗史）户外探险（郑和探险记）3.平凡壮举（黄大年英雄事迹）1.梳理时间、事件线索，标记关键节点2.深挖细节描写，解读人物品质3.提炼叙事主旨，共情作者情感说明文科技前沿（智能家居、仿生机器人）自然生态（国家公园、景区物种地貌）3.人际密码（肢体语言的情绪信号）1.拆解科技原理、应用与争议2.抓取自然景观核心特征与生态价值3.对应肢体动作与沟通功能Passage01阅读理解Intoday’sbusyworld,laughterismoreimportantthanever.Anumberofcomedianshavegainedfameasexpertsinspreadingjoyandhumortoaudiencesacrosstheglobe.TrevorNoahTrevorNoah,originallyfromSouthAfrica,hasbecomeaglobalcomedicstar.HegainedinternationalrecognitionthroughhisappearancesonTheTonightShowandTheLateShowwithDavidLetterman.In2015,hesucceededJonStewartasthehostofTheDailyShow,bringingafreshandinternationalviewpointtotheprogram.Hiscomedyoftenreflectshisuniquebackground,touchingonthemesofidentity,politicsandsocialissues.Noah’sstand-upspecials,suchasSonofPatriciaandAfraidoftheDark,showcasehiscleverandoftenhumoroustakeonglobalandlocalissues.HasanMinhajHasanMinhajisknownforhissharppoliticaljokesandinterestingstories.AnAmericancomedianofIndianorigin,MinhajbecamefamousasareporteronTheDailyShowwithJonStewart,whohostedtheshowfor16years.Minhaj’sone-manshow,HomecomingKing,whichfirstappearedonNetflix,wonaPeabodyAwardandhighlightedhisexperiencesgrowingupasanIndian-AmericanMuslim.JimGaffiganJimGaffiganisastand-upcomedianknownforhisclean,observationalhumor.OriginallyfromIndiana,GaffiganbeganhiscareerinNewYorkCity,performingatclubsandslowlybuildingareputationforhisuniquetakeoneverydaylife.Hiscomedyoftenfocusesonfatherhood,food,andtheordinaryaspectsoflife,deliveredwitharelaxedstyle.Gaffiganhasputoutnumerouscomedyspecialsandhasalsotriedhishandatactingandwriting,withseveralbest-sellingbookstohisname.AliWongAliWong,aSanFrancisconative,hasmadeasignificantimpactwithheruniquecomedicstyle.WonggainedwidespreadrecognitionwithherNetflixspecialBabyCobra,filmedwhileshewasexpectingababy.Thisuniqueaspect,combinedwithherhonestdiscussionsaboutmarriage,motherhoodandcareer,madeheranimmediatehit.Herfollow-upspecial,HardKnockWife,continuedhersuccess.1．Whichofthefollowingisastand-upspecialperformedbyTrevorNoah?A．BabyCobra. B．SonofPatricia.C．HardKnockWife. D．HomecomingKing.2．WhoonceworkedasareporterwithJonStewart?A．HasanMinhaj. B．JimGaffigan. C．TrevorNoah. D．AliWong.3．WhatcanwelearnaboutAliWong?A．Sheavoidsdiscussingmotherhood. B．Sheisfamousforherbest-sellingbooks.C．HerfirstNetflixspecialwasafailure. D．Herexperiencehelpedhergainfame.【答案】1．B2．A3．D【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了因在全球传播欢乐与幽默而闻名的四位喜剧演员及其喜剧风格与成就。1．细节理解题。根据TrevorNoah部分“Noah’sstand-upspecials,suchasSonofPatriciaandAfraidoftheDark,showcasehiscleverandoftenhumoroustakeonglobalandlocalissues.(诺亚的单口喜剧特辑，如《帕特里夏之子》和《怕黑》，展现了他对全球及本土议题的独到见解，这些见解往往还带有幽默色彩。)”可知，《帕特里夏之子》是TrevorNoah的单口喜剧特别节目。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据HasanMinhaj部分“HasanMinhajisknownforhissharppoliticaljokesandinterestingstories.AnAmericancomedianofIndianorigin,MinhajbecamefamousasareporteronTheDailyShowwithJonStewart(HasanMinhaj以其犀利的政治笑话和有趣的故事而闻名。Minhaj是一位印度裔美国喜剧演员，他作为记者和JonStewart一起在《每日秀》工作而声名大噪。)”可知，HasanMinhaj曾作为记者和JonStewart一起在《每日秀》工作。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据AliWong部分“WonggainedwidespreadrecognitionwithherNetflixspecialBabyCobra,filmedwhileshewasexpectingababy.Thisuniqueaspect,combinedwithherhonestdiscussionsaboutmarriage,motherhoodandcareer,madeheranimmediatehit.(Wong凭借她在网飞的脱口秀特辑《眼镜蛇宝宝》获得了广泛认可，该特辑是在她怀孕期间拍摄的。这一独特之处，再加上她对婚姻、母亲身份和职业的坦诚探讨，使她迅速走红。)”可知，她怀孕时拍摄《眼镜蛇宝宝》这一独特经历以及她对婚姻、母亲身份和事业的诚实讨论帮助她获得了名声，即她的经历帮助她获得了名气。故选D。Passage02ArtificialIntelligence(AI)andMachineLearningCampWelcometojoinourArtificialIntelligence(AI)andMachineLearningCamp.YourpursuitofacareerinAIcouldstarthere!Let’sbeginwithanintroductiontohowourcoursesarebuilt:●UsePythoncodewithtoolslikeTensorFlowtoexplorenetworkdesign.●Developabasiccodingskillset,trainandtestmodels.●Workwithworld-classdatasetsandworkontopicslikerecognizinghandwritingwithMNIST.CamparrangementThisisaweek-longAIsummercampforthoseaged13to17,runningfromMondaytoSunday.It’sdesignedforstudentswithintermediate(中等的)toadvancedskilllevels.Learningsessionswillbeheldinalabonakeyuniversitycampus.Studentswillbeplacedwithinasmallgroupandguidedbyanexperiencedinstructor.Besideslearninginalab,dailyschedulesalsoallowforoutdoorandrelaxingactivities.Residentialandnon-residentialoptionsareprovidedbasedonlocation.PriceThecostofnon-residentialoptionis$800,withanadditionalfeeof$240fortheresidentialoption.Iftwostudentsregistertogether,theycanbothenjoya15%discount.Diploma&transcript(毕业证和成绩单)Attheconclusionofthestudents’course,theywillreceiveanofficialtechdiplomaandcoursetranscriptoutliningtheskillslearnedoverthecourseoftheweek.Additionalinformation●Studentsareexpectedtoattendallscheduledsessions.Missingmorethantwodayswillfailtoobtainthediploma.●Allprojectsmustbesubmitted(提交)ontime.Latesubmissionsmayaffectthefinalevaluation.●Studentsmustfollowallthecamprulesandattendscheduledsessionsontime.Regularfeedback(反馈的意见)willbeprovidedtoparents.1．Whatcanyouenjoyinthecamp?A．CoursesforbeginnersinAI.B．Aone-to-oneteachingmodel.C．Experiencedinstructorsfromuniversities.D．Abalanceddailyschedulewithoutdoorfun.2．Howmuchshouldyoupayifyousignupfortheresidentialoptionwithyourfriend?A．$476. B．$680. C．$884. D．$1,040.3．Whichofthefollowingwillkeepyoufromgettingthediploma?A．Beingcarelesswithprojects. B．Takingathree-dayleave.C．Beinglatefordailycourses. D．Failingtohandinfeedback.【答案】1．D2．C3．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了人工智能与机器学习夏令营的课程设置、营地安排、价格、毕业证与成绩单相关规定以及其他注意事项，旨在吸引13至17岁具备中高级技能水平的学生报名参加。1．细节理解题。根据“Camparrangement”部分中“Besideslearninginalab,dailyschedulesalsoallowforoutdoorandrelaxingactivities.(除了在实验室学习外，日常安排中还包含户外和休闲活动)”可知，该夏令营的日常安排兼顾学习与户外娱乐，十分均衡。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据“Price”部分中“Thecostofnon-residentialoptionis$800,withanadditionalfeeof$240fortheresidentialoption.Iftwostudentsregistertogether,theycanbothenjoya15%discount.(非住宿选项的费用为800美元，住宿选项需额外支付240美元。若两名学生一同注册，两人均可享受15%的折扣)”可知，非住宿选项费用为800美元，住宿选项需额外支付240美元，因此单个学生的住宿选项总费用为800+240=1040美元；两人一起报名可享受15%的折扣，即需支付原价的85%。因此，两人报名住宿选项的总费用为1040×2×85%=1768美元，平均每人支付1768÷2=884美元。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据“Additionalinformation”部分中“Missingmorethantwodayswillfailtoobtainthediploma.(缺席超过两天将无法获得毕业证)”可知，请假三天（超过两天）会导致无法拿到毕业证。故选B项。Passage03TopHumanoidRobotCompaniesinChina—MICWeeklyHumanoidrobots,asacombinationofartificialintelligenceandmechanicaltechnology,aregraduallybecominganimportantfieldinmoderntechnology.Theserobotscannotonlyperformsimpletasksbutalsopossesstheabilitytointeractwithhumans,playingsignificantrolesinvariousareassuchasservices,healthcare,andeducation.SomeofthenotableChinesehumanoidrobotsareasfollows:XiaomiCyberOne:LaunchedonAugust11,2022,it’sXiaomi’sfirstfull-sizedhumanoidbionicrobot.Ithashighemotionalintelligence,cannoticehumanemotions,andhassharpvisionfor3Dvirtualreconstruction.It’sequippedwithXiaomi’sself-developedMi-sensedeepvisionmoduleandcanperformidentityrecognition,gesturerecognition,etc.LejuKuaVo:ThelatestgenerationhumanoidrobotbyLeju(Shenzhen)RoboticsTechnologyCo.,Ltd.LaunchedinDecember2023,itfirstappearedatHuawei’sHDC2024.It’sChina’sfirstopen-sourceHarmonyOShumanoidrobotthatcanjumpandwalkacrossvariousterrains(地形),with26degreesoffreedom.UbtechWalkerS1:Ubtech’snewgenerationindustrialhumanoidrobot,developedbasedonfull-stackhumanoidrobottechnology.Itincorporateskeyembodiedintelligencetechnologies,enablingittomeetindustrialapplicationneeds.Ithasbeenemployedinautomotivefactoriesforpracticaltraining.UnitreeG1:ThemassproductionversionisreleasedbyUnitreeTechnology.Standingabout127cmtallandweighingaround35kg,ithashighflexibilityandcanperformcomplexdynamicactions,runningataspeedgreaterthan2m/s.AgibotYuanzhengA2-W:Atthe2024annualnewproductlaunchofAgibot,itwasintroduced.Therobotsshowcasedoperationslikeplayingmahjong,unpackingdeliveries,andlifting30kgweights.1．WhichisnotafunctionofXiaomiCyberOne?A．Shoppingdelivery. B．Gesturerecognition.C．Identityrecognition. D．Emotionalawareness.2．WhatisspecialaboutUbtechWalkerS1?A．Ithashighflexibility.B．Itcaninteractwithhumans.C．Ithashighemotionalintelligence.D．Itismainlyappliedinindustrialfield.3．Whatcanwelearnabouttheserobots?A．Alltherobotscanbeemployedinhealthcare.B．BothUnitreeG1andLejuKuaVocandosomesports.C．Neitheroftheserobotscanplayboardgameswithpeople.D．BothUnitreeG1andAgibotYuanzhengA2-Waregoodatweightlifting.【答案】1．A2．D3．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍中国几家知名的人形机器人公司及其产品的特点和功能。1．细节理解题。根据XiaomiCyberOne部分中的“Ithashighemotionalintelligence,cannoticehumanemotions,andhassharpvisionfor3Dvirtualreconstruction.It’sequippedwithXiaomi’sself-developedMi-sensedeepvisionmoduleandcanperformidentityrecognition,gesturerecognition,etc.(它具有高情商，能感知人类情绪，拥有敏锐的3D虚拟重建视觉。它配备了小米自主研发的Mi-sense深度视觉模块，可进行身份识别、手势识别等)”可知，购物配送不是小米CyberOne的功能。故选A项。2．细节理解题。根据UbtechWalkerS1部分中的“Ubtech’snewgenerationindustrialhumanoidrobot,developedbasedonfull-stackhumanoidrobottechnology.Itincorporateskeyembodiedintelligencetechnologies,enablingittomeetindustrialapplicationneeds.Ithasbeenemployedinautomotivefactoriesforpracticaltraining.(优必选基于全栈人形机器人技术开发的新一代工业人形机器人。它融合了关键的具身智能技术，能够满足工业应用需求。它已被用于汽车工厂的实操培训)”可知，优必选WalkerS1的特别之处在于主要应用于工业领域。故选D项。3．细节理解题。根据LejuKuaVo部分中的“LaunchedinDecember2023,itfirstappearedatHuawei’sHDC2024.It’sChina’sfirstopen-sourceHarmonyOShumanoidrobotthatcanjumpandwalkacrossvariousterrains(地形),with26degreesoffreedom.(它于2023年12月推出，首次亮相于华为2024年开发者大会。这是中国首款开源鸿蒙人形机器人，它能够跳跃并在各种地形上行走，拥有26个自由度)”及UnitreeG1部分中的“Standingabout127cmtallandweighingaround35kg,ithashighflexibilityandcanperformcomplexdynamicactions,runningataspeedgreaterthan2m/s.(它高约127厘米，重35公斤左右，灵活性极强，能完成复杂的动态动作，奔跑速度超过2米/秒)”可知，宇树G1和乐聚KuaVo都能进行一些运动的动作。故选B项。Passage04DeepSeekhasshockedtheAIworldwithclaimsthatitslatestAImodel,R1,outperformsmostexistingleadingmodelsintheworld,despiteusinglessadvancedcomputerchips.However,it’sjustoneoftheChinesecompaniesworkingonAL.Here’saquicklookatotherleadingAImodelsinChina:ErnieBotErnieBot,developedbyBaidu,China’sdominantsearchengine,isthefirstAIchatbotmadepubliclyavailableinChina.Currently,ithas340millionusers.SimilartoOpenAI’sChatGPT,usersofErnieBotcanaskitquestionsandhaveitgenerateimagesbasedontextinstructions.Doubao1.5ProByteDance’sDoubao1.5ProisoneofthemostpopularAIchatbotsinChina,with60millionmonthlyactiveusers.AccordingtoByteDance,Doubao1.5ProisbetterthanOpenAI’sChatGPT-4oatretainingknowledge,coding,reasoning,andChineselanguageprocessing.ThemodelalsorequireslowerhardwarecostscomparedtootherlargelanguagemodelsbecauseDoubaousesahighlyimprovedarchitecturethatbalancesperformancewithreducedcomputingpower.Kimik1.5AlthoughMoonshotAI’srecentlyreleasedKimik1.5spendsmoretimethinkingbeforeitresponds,itisverygoodatanalyzingverylongtextsandcansolveextremelycomplexproblems.MoonshotclaimsthatKimik1.5outperformsOpenAI’sChatGPT-olinmathematics,coding,andtheabilitytocomprehendbothtextandvisualinputssuchasphotosandvideos.Qwen-2.5-1MQwen-2.5-1MisAlibabaCloud’sopen-sourceseries.Itcontainslargelanguagemodelsthatcaneasilyhandleextremelylongtexts,andengageinlongeranddeeperconversations.Ithasmostlybeentargetedatdevelopersandbusinesscustomers,suchasautomakers,banksandvideogamecreators,aspartofproductdevelopmentandshapingcustomerexperiences.1．WhichistheearliestAImodelavailabletothepublicinChina?A．DeepSeekR1. B．ErnieBot.C．Doubao1.5Pro. D．Kimik1.5.2．ComparedwithDoubao1.5Pro,ChatGPT-4o______.A．consumeslessenergy B．canprocessChinesetextsbetterC．outperformsinreasoning D．requiresmorecomputingpower3．WhatcanbeinferredaboutQwen-2.5-1M?A．ItiscreatedbyMoonshot. B．Itneedstextandvisualinputs.C．ItmightbefasterthanKimik1.5. D．Itistargetedatthegeneralpublic.【答案】1．B2．D3．C【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是中国领先的AI模型。1．细节理解题。根据ErnieBot部分“ErnieBot,developedbyBaidu,China’sdominantsearchengine,isthefirstAIchatbotmadepubliclyavailableinChina.Currently,ithas340millionusers.(文心一言由百度（中国领先的搜索引擎公司）开发，是中国首个向公众开放的人工智能聊天机器人。)”可知，ErnieBot是最早向公众开放的人工智能模型。故选B。2．推理判断题。根据Doubao1.5Pro部分“AccordingtoByteDance,Doubao1.5ProisbetterthanOpenAI’sChatGPT-4oatretainingknowledge,coding,reasoning,andChineselanguageprocessing.ThemodelalsorequireslowerhardwarecostscomparedtootherlargelanguagemodelsbecauseDoubaousesahighlyimprovedarchitecturethatbalancesperformancewithreducedcomputingpower.(据字节跳动称，豆包1.5Pro在知识记忆、编程、推理和中文语言处理方面优于OpenAI的ChatGPT-4o。该模型所需的硬件成本也低于其他大型语言模型，因为豆包采用了一种高度优化的架构，在性能和降低计算功耗之间取得了平衡。)”可知，与豆包1.5Pro相比，ChatGPT-4o需要更多的计算能力。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据Kimik1.5部分的“AlthoughMoonshotAI’srecentlyreleasedKimik1.5spendsmoretimethinkingbeforeitresponds,itisverygoodatanalyzingverylongtextsandcansolveextremelycomplexproblems.(尽管MoonshotAI最近发布的Kimik1.5在回应之前需要更多思考时间，但它在分析超长文本和解决极其复杂问题方面表现出色。)”和Qwen-2.5-1M部分“Itcontainslargelanguagemodelsthatcaneasilyhandleextremelylongtexts,andengageinlongeranddeeperconversations.(它包含能够轻松处理超长文本并进行更长、更深层次对话的大型语言模型。)”可知，Qwen-2.5-1M可能比Kimik1.5更快。故选C。Passage05YangChen-Ning,oneofthemostinfluentialphysicistsofthe20thcenturyandthefirstChinesescientisttowinaNobelPrize,diedinBeijingattheageof103.YangwasborninHefei,AnhuiProvince,in1922.Hisfather,YangWu-Chih,wasamathematicsprofessoratTsinghuaUniversity.TheyoungYanggrewupontheTsinghuacampus,immersedinbooksandideasthatwouldshapehisfuture.In1957,YangandfellowtheoreticalphysicistLeeTsung-DaowerejointlyawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsfortheirparityviolationtheory(宇称不守恒定律).Thefindingoverturnedoneofphysics’long-heldassumptionsandreshapedourunderstandingofnature’slaws.TheNobelcommitteepraised“theirprofoundinvestigation…whichhasledtoimportantdiscoveriesregardingtheelementaryparticles”.Beyondhistechnicalachievements,Yang’sscientificjourneywasguidedbyaprofoundsenseoftheaesthetic(美学)ofthought.Inhisessaycollection,hereflectedontheBritishphysicistPaulDirac,whoseideas,Yangwrote,were“captivating.”HedescribedDirac’swritingsas“clearasautumnwater,unstainedbydust,”withnotatraceofwaste.FollowingDirac’sreasoning,hesaid,alwaysfeltmarvellous(非凡的),leadingtoinsightsnoonecouldhaveimaginedbeforehand.ToYang,theDiracequationwasnothingshortofarevelation—anexpressionofbothscientificprecisionandpoeticbeauty.AfterdecadesintheUnitedStates,YangbeganvisitingChinamorefrequentlyinthe1990s.In1999,heacceptedaprofessorshipatTsinghuaUniversity,wherehehelpedestablishtheInstituteforAdvancedStudyandraisedfundstosupportyoungscientists.Eveninhiseightiesandnineties,Yangcontinuedtoteachundergraduatesandtakepartinresearch.Colleaguesrememberhisauthorityanddeepcuriosity.Hebelievededucationwasnotonlyaboutpassingonknowledge,butaboutinspiringwonder—thesamesenseofwonderthathaddrivenhisownlife’swork.1．ForwhatwasYangawardedtheNobelPrize?A．Aremarkablediscovery. B．Apracticalinvention.C．Aprofoundinvestigation. D．Along-heldassumption.2．WhatdidYangthinkofPaulDirac’sequation?A．Clearyettime-consuming. B．Abstractyetinspiring.C．Exactandbeautiful. D．Complexyetinsightful.3．WhatdidYangbelievewasanimportantpartofeducation?A．Encouragingstudentstochallengeauthority.B．Motivatingstudentstolearnactively.C．Cultivatingstudents’problem-solvingabilities.D．Trainingstudentstoworkindependently.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．secretsBehindtheNobelPrizeB．AScientist’sDevotiontoHisMotherlandC．BrilliantDiscoveryofPhysicsD．APhysicistofBeautyandCuriosity【答案】1．A2．C3．B4．D【导语】本文是一篇人物介绍。文章主要介绍了物理学家杨振宁的一生与贡献。记述了他从少年时代到获得诺贝尔奖，再到晚年回到中国推动科研与教育的经历。文章呈现了杨振宁作为科学家的卓越成就和他对科学之美的独特理解。1．推理判断题。根据第三段“Thefindingoverturnedoneofphysics’long-heldassumptionsandreshapedourunderstandingofnature’slaws.(他们的这一发现推翻了物理学长期以来的一项假设，重新塑造了我们对自然法则的理解。)”可知，杨振宁被授予诺贝尔奖是因为一个了不起的发现。故选A。2．推理判断题。根据第四段“ToYang,theDiracequationwasnothingshortofarevelation—anexpressionofbothscientificprecisionandpoeticbeauty.(对杨来说，狄拉克方程无疑是一场启示——既是科学精确性的体现，也是诗意美的表达。)可知，杨振宁认为保罗·狄拉克的方程精确且美丽。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hebelievededucationwasnotonlyaboutpassingonknowledge,butaboutinspiringwonder—thesamesenseofwonderthathaddrivenhisownlife’swork.(他认为教育不仅仅是传授知识，更是激发好奇心——正是这种好奇心推动了他自己一生的工作。)”可知，杨振宁认为教育的重要组成部分是激励学生主动学习。故选B。4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲了杨振宁作为科学家的一生，第二、三段讲他的出生和获得诺贝尔奖的经历，第四段讲杨振宁的科学经历受到了很深的美学思想的影响，最后两段着重讲的是杨振宁回国后的贡献和在教育方面的付出。所以选D“APhysicistofBeautyandCuriosity(一个美丽与好奇心并存的物理学家)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。Passage06CharlesRobertDarwin(12February1809,Shropshire,England)demonstratedascientifictalentfromchildhood.Hiskeeninterestinchemistrywasevidenteveninhisschooldays,leadinghispeerstocallhim“Gas”.In1825,hisfathersenthimtostudymedicineatEdinburghUniversity,wherehelearnedhowtoclassifyplants.DarwinbecamepassionateaboutnaturalhistoryandthisbecamehisfocuswhilehestudiedatCambridge.DarwinwentonavoyagetogetherwithRobertFitzroy,thecaptainofHMSBeagle,toSouthAmericatofacilitateBritishtradeinPatagonia.Thejourneywaslife-changing.Darwinspentmuchofthetriponlandcollectingsamplesofplants,animalsandrocks,whichhelpedhimtodevelopanunderstandingoftheprocessesthatshapetheEarth’ssurface.Darwin’sanalysisoftheplantsandanimalsthathegatheredledhimtoexpressdoubtsonformerexplanationsabouthowspeciesformedandevolvedovertime.Darwin’sworkconvincedhimthatnaturalselectionwaskeytounderstandingthedevelopmentofthenaturalworld.Thetheoryofnaturalselectionsaysthatindividualsofaspeciesaremorelikelytosurvivewhentheyinherit(经遗传获得)characteristicsbestsuitedforthatspecificenvironment.Thesefeaturesthenbecomemorewidespreadandcanleadeventuallytothedevelopmentofanewspecies.Darwinmarriedhiscousin,EmmaWedgwood,in1839.WhenDarwin’seldestdaughter,Annie,diedfromasuddenillnessin1851,helosthisbeliefinGod.Histenthandfinalchild,CharlesWaringDarwin,wasbornin1856.SignificantlyforDarwin,thisbabywasdisabled,changinghowDarwinthoughtaboutthehumanspecies.Darwinhadpreviouslythoughtthatspeciesremainedadapteduntiltheenvironmentchanged;henowbelievedthateverynewvariationwasimperfectandthatastruggletosurvivewaswhatdrovespeciestoadapt.Thoughrejectedatthebeginning,Darwin’stheoryofevolutionbynaturalselectionisnowadayswellacceptedbythescientificcommunityasthebestevidence-basedexplanationforthediversityandcomplexityoflifeonEarth.1．WhatmadeDarwinreconsidertheoriginanddevelopmentofspecies?A．Examiningplantsandanimalscollected.B．Hisdesireforavoyagetodifferentcontinents.C．ClassifyingsamplesinajourneytoSouthAmerica.D．HispassionfornaturalhistoryatEdinburghUniversity.2．WhichofthefollowingchangedDarwin’sviewonthehumanspecies?A．Thathehadtenchildreninall.B．Thathelosthiseldestdaughter.C．Hisyoungestkid’sbeingdisabled.D．HismarriagewithEmmaWedgwood.3．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Darwin’sinterestofstudyneverchanged.B．Darwin’shappyfamilygavehimmuchsupportinhisstudies.C．Darwin’stheoryofevolutionwasacceptedattheverybeginning.D．Darwin’sdiscoverieswerebasedonhislifeandfieldstudies.4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．CharlesDarwin’schanginginterest.B．CharlesDarwin’slifeandwork.C．CharlesDarwin’spassionformedicalscience.D．CharlesDarwin’svoyageandfamilystories【答案】1．A2．C3．D4．B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了达尔文的生平经历，包括求学、航海考察、核心理论创立及家庭变故对其思想的影响。1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Darwin’sanalysisoftheplantsandanimalsthathegatheredledhimtoexpressdoubtsonformerexplanationsabouthowspeciesformedandevolvedovertime.(达尔文对收集到的动植物进行了分析，这让他对以往关于物种如何形成和演变的解释产生了质疑。)”可知，对收集到的动植物进行研究，使达尔文重新思考物种的起源和发展。故选A项。2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Histenthandfinalchild,CharlesWaringDarwin,wasbornin1856.SignificantlyforDarwin,thisbabywasdisabled,changinghowDarwinthoughtaboutthehumanspecies.(他的第十个也是最后一个孩子查尔斯・瓦林・达尔文于1856年出生。对达尔文来说意义重大的是，这个孩子身有残疾，这改变了他对人类物种的看法。)”可知，达尔文最小的孩子身患残疾，改变了他对人类物种的观点。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Darwinspentmuchofthetriponlandcollectingsamplesofplants,animalsandrocks,whichhelpedhimtodevelopanunderstandingoftheprocessesthatshapetheEarth’ssurface.(达尔文在陆地上花了很多时间收集植物、动物和岩石的样本，这帮助他了解了地球表面形成的过程)”以及第四段中的“Histenthandfinalchild,CharlesWaringDarwin,wasbornin1856.SignificantlyforDarwin,thisbabywasdisabled,changinghowDarwinthoughtaboutthehumanspecies.(他的第十个也是最后一个孩子查尔斯・韦林・达尔文于1856年出生。对达尔文来说意义重大的是，这个孩子身有残疾，这改变了他对人类物种的看法。)”等内容可知，达尔文的发现是基于他的生活经历和实地考察。故选D项。4．主旨大意题。文章依次讲述了达尔文的童年天赋、求学经历、航海考察、自然选择理论的创立，以及家庭生活变故对其思想的影响，整体围绕达尔文的生平与研究工作展开。故选B项。Passage07(ZhangKeyu,Hubei)Everyoneknowsthepeoplewhohavehelpedtochangethefaceoftheworldinrecentyears.FromBillGatestoSteveJobstoJackMa,fewwouldnotrecognizetheirnames.However,thosewhoworktirelesslybehindthescenesoftengounnoticed,inspiteoftheirgreatachievements.Ifyouknowanyonewhodeservestohavetheircontributionsrecognized,wewouldlovetohearfromyou!Letusknowhowthesepeoplehavehelpedtomakeadifferenceinyoureyes.ThepersonIrespectmostisthegeophysicistHuangDanian,whohelpedChinatomakemanytechnologicaladvances.Huangwasaremarkablescientist.HehadstudiedandworkedinBritainfor18years,butwhenhefeltthathiscountryneededhim,hegaveuphiswell-paidjobandreturnedtoChina.Overthenextsevenyears,Huangworkedtodevelopmanydevicesneededfordeep-Earthexploration.Unfortunately,suchachievementsdidn’tcomecheap.Duetothefrantic(疯狂的)paceofhisresearch,Huangwasabsentfromhisfather’sfuneral,andevenhisowncancerwentundetectedashehadnotimetoseeadoctor.Tosumup,Huangsacrificedeverythingforhisresearch,andIthinkmorepeopleshouldhonourhim.(ChenXueyin,Fujian)IwanttotelleveryoneabouttwoteachersonChangyuIsland,WangKaiquanandLinZhujin.Fewpeopleknowaboutthishometownofmine.Theislandisbeautiful,butit’squiteisolated,andtherearen’tmanymodernconveniences.Inbadweather,evenourwaterandpowersuppliesareunstable.Peoplewhohaveneverbeentoourislandareoftensurprisedbythisandfindithardtoadjust.Manywholiveontheislanddreamofleaving.Thesetwoprimaryschoolteachers,however,havestayedonfor23longyears!Theyaretheonlyteachershere,andtheyplantostayforaslongastherearechildrenwhoneedtoattendschool.Iwanttothankthem,andlettheworldknowabouttheseteacherswhoworktirelesslyeverydayforthesakeofthechildren.1．WhatcontributiondidHuangmaketoChina?A．Helpedimprovedeep-EarthexplorationtechnologyB．BuiltstablewaterandpowersuppliesonanislandC．Trainedprimaryschoolteachersfor23yearsD．Foundedawell-paidtechcompanyoverseas2．WhydidHuangskiphisfather’sfuneral?A．Hewasoccupiedwithdeep-EarthdeviceR&D． B．Hewasreceivingcancertreatment.C．Hecouldn’ttravelbackfromBritain. D．Hehadtoteachlocalchildren.3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“didn’tcomecheap”meaninparagraph4?A．Requirednohardwork B．Costmuch(effortorloss)C．Werenotcostlyinmoney D．tooklittletimetoachieve4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Well-knownglobalbusinessleadersB．AchievementsinChina’stechnologyandeducationC．ChallengesoflivingonaremoteislandD．Unrecognizedpeoplewithgreatdevotion【答案】1．A2．A3．B4．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了两位作者分别介绍自己敬佩的人——地球物理学家黄大年和长屿岛两位坚守23年的小学老师，彰显他们的奉献精神并呼吁认可其贡献。1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Huangwasaremarkablescientist.HehadstudiedandworkedinBritainfor18years,butwhenhefeltthathiscountryneededhim,hegaveuphiswell-paidjobandreturnedtoChina.Overthenextsevenyears,Huangworkedtodevelopmanydevicesneededfordeep-Earthexploration.(黄大年是一位杰出的科学家。他在英国学习和工作了18年，但当他意识到祖国需要他时，便放弃了高薪工作，毅然回国。在之后的七年里，黄大年致力于研发深部地球探测所需的多种设备。)”可知，黄大年致力于研发深部地球探测所需的多种设备，助力中国提升了深部地球探测技术。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Overthenextsevenyears,Huangworkedtodevelopmanydevicesneededfordeep-Earthexploration.(在之后的七年里，黄大年致力于研发深部地球探测所需的多种设备。)”以及第四段“Duetothefrantic(疯狂的)paceofhisresearch,Huangwasabsentfromhisfather’sfuneral,andevenhisowncancerwentundetectedashehadnotimetoseeadoctor.(由于科研工作节奏紧张，黄大年未能参加父亲的葬礼，甚至因无暇就医而未能及时发现自己身患癌症。)”可知，黄大年因忙于深部地球探测设备的研发工作，未能参加父亲的葬礼。故选A。3．词义猜测题。根据划线短语所在语境“Unfortunately,suchachievementsdidn’tcomecheap.Duetothefrantic(疯狂的)paceofhisresearch,Huangwasabsentfromhisfather’sfuneral,andevenhisowncancerwentundetectedashehadnotimetoseeadoctor.(遗憾的是，这样的成就……。由于科研工作节奏紧张，黄大年未能参加父亲的葬礼，甚至因无暇就医而未能及时发现自己身患癌症。)”可知，黄大年的成就伴随着巨大的付出——错过父亲葬礼、延误癌症诊治，这些都体现了成就的取得耗费了大量精力和牺牲。“didn’tcomecheap”字面意为“并非廉价得来”，结合语境指“需要付出巨大努力或代价”。故选B。4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Ifyouknowanyonewhodeservestohavetheircontributionsrecognized,wewouldlovetohearfromyou!Letusknowhowthesepeoplehavehelpedtomakeadifferenceinyoureyes.(如果你认识任何值得被认可其贡献的人，欢迎与我们分享！请告诉我们，在你眼中这些人是如何带来积极影响的。)”以及下文分别介绍地球物理学家黄大年（为科研牺牲个人利益）和长屿岛两位坚守23年的小学老师（扎根偏远地区教书育人）的事迹可知，文章核心是讲述那些默默奉献却未被广泛关注的人及其奉献精神。故选D。Passage08Imaginegrowingupwithafathersufferingfromschizophrenia,amotherlimitedtoawheelchair,andaseriousheartconditionthatdemandsurgentmedicaltreatment—