高二英语（人教版）学案选择性必修二UNIT1SectionⅠ“ReadingandThinking”的课文习读环节

把握单元素养目标主题意识本单元主题围绕“科学家、科学研究与科学精神”展开，介绍了中西方一些伟大科学家的生平、科学研究、重要贡献和科学精神等，旨在激发学生树立远大理想、勤奋学习，努力实现自己的人生价值，做一个有责任、有担当的时代青年。语法项目能够在语境中理解并正确运用表语从句。语言输入听能听懂谈论科学探究体验活动的对话，把握对话的核心内容和重要细节。读能读懂研究疾病病源的记叙文和人物传记，掌握其行文特点和语言特色。看能理解图文、图表和视频中的有效信息。语言输出写能以书面形式写一篇分析科学家的品格和素养及阐述科学精神内涵的短文。说能口头叙述自己参与科学探究活动的经历，并描述常见的科学现象。SectionⅠ“ReadingandThinking”的课文习读环节文意整体把握Ⅰ.理清文脉结构Ⅱ.把握主旨大意Whatisthethemeofthetext？()A．Thecureforcholera.B．Thecausesofcholera.C．HowJohnSnowfound“KingCholera”．D．HowJohnSnowdefeated“KingCholera”．文意深度理解(一)阅读理解1．WhichofthefollowingtheoriesdidJohnSnowbelievein？()A．Peoplebreathedinthebadairinfectedbythedisease.B．Peopleabsorbedcholeraintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.C．Peoplegotinfectedwithcholerabecauseofcoldandhunger.D．Peoplesufferedfromcholerabecausetheywerenotclean.2．WhatwasthekeytohelpforJohnSnow'sdiscovery？()A．ThelocalBritishgovernment.B．ThewomanlivingintheBroadstreet.C．Thepanyofferingthewater.D．Themapmadebyhimself.3．Atlast,“KingCholera”wascontrolledby________.()A．usingmedicinesinhospitalB．drivingpatientsoutofthecountryC．dealingwiththepollutedwaterD．gettingridofallkindsofpollution4．WhatconclusiondidJohnSnowdrawaccordingtotheevidence？()A．Choleracouldneverbekilled.B．Choleramultipliedinthewater.C．Pollutedwatercarriedthevirus.D．Thedangerousgascausedcholera.5．Wheredoesthistextprobablyefrom？()A．Asciencereport.B．Afashionmagazine.C．Abookreview.D．ATVinterview.[Tip]用“内容细节巧判断”法解答文章出处题对于此类题目，学生可以从各类文章的内容或细节并结合不同类别文章的特点作出判断。如：旅游景点的介绍→travelguide；科普知识→sciencereport；推销介绍新产品→advertisement；文化教育类文章→educationsection；文章中有clickhere等网络用语→website；文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称→newspaper；时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍→magazine/journal。本文主要讲述了JohnSnow为战胜霍乱病毒所做的科学研究。故第5题应选A项。(二)阅读表达1．Whatqualitiesdoyouneedtobeascientist?2．WhywasitJohnSnow,nototherdoctors,whodefeated“KingCholera”？3．Inordernottogetinfectedwithdisease,whatshouldwepayattentiontoinourdailylife?内化读文技法本文的语篇类型为叙事记叙文。这类记叙文多以时间顺序或空间顺序来行文。本文属于以时间顺序展开的叙事性记叙文，其暗线是科学家JohnSnow战胜霍乱病毒的科学研究步骤。读文时可以按照事件发展的开始、中间和结尾三个阶段来理清事件的行文顺序。本文第一段介绍了研究的背景；第二段则是提出问题和假设；第三段是研究过程；第四段是得出结论；第五段指出了JohnSnow的研究方法对科学家们研究疾病具有现实意义。(一)赏用词之妙1．However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.赏析：...nor词never加强了句子的语气，反映了JohnSnow的坚毅品格和执着精神。其他表示突出和强调作用的否定副词(短语)还有：not,no,none,nobody,nothing,neither...nor,nowhere等。blame.Whatpectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.赏析：句中Whatismore意为“而且；更重要的是”，它与前一句是递进关系。作为常用的过渡语，它能很好地推动叙事或故事情节的发展。在本句中，它的使用也表明了JohnSnow研究的科学严谨性。仿写训练/翻译句子①他从未错过任何一个变得更强的机会。②更重要的是，一些中国著名音乐家将为我们演出。(二)赏句式之高1．Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.赏析：句中使用了嵌套式从句，主句使用了“...seemedthat...”式的主语从句，从句中又使用了“so...that...”式的结果状语从句。这种嵌套式从句使叙述更加简洁，表意更加严谨。2．Thepeoplewhodrankthiswaterweremuchmorelikelytogetcholerathanthosewhodrankpureorboiledwater.赏析：本句使用了嵌套式从句，主从句中都包含了who引导的定语从句，它们分别修饰先行词Thepeople和those。本句简洁明晰地表明了JohnSnow的调查结果。仿写训练①(句式转换)Seemingly,somestudentswouldliketostartworkearlyandthustheycanhelpoffertheirparentsbetterlives.(用嵌套式从句改写)→________________somestudentswouldliketostartwork____________theycanhelpoffertheirparentsbetterlives.②(完成句子)Scientificstudyshowspeople____________________beforetakingamathtestdidbetterthan____________________________________.科学研究表明，在数学考试前获得充足睡眠的人比那些通宵学习的人表现得更好。(三)赏衔接之顺1．Snowbeganbymarkingonamap...However,...Whatismore,...Accordingly,...赏析：文中第三段是JohnSnow的调查过程，该段使用了“however,whatismore,accordingly”等句间衔接语，它们使叙述更有逻辑性，层次更加清晰。2．ThroughSnow'stirelessefforts,...However,...Moreover,...Forthisreason,....赏析：文中最后一段是调查结果与JohnSnow取得的成就，该段使用了“however,moreover,forthisreason”等句间衔接语，它们使表达富有逻辑，衔接紧密，意思连贯。(四)赏结尾之翘Moreover,inhisuseofmapsandstatistics,Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.Forthisreason,Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodernepidemiology.赏析：此处是文章的结尾部分，这两句概括了科学家JohnSnow的伟大成就。叙事记叙文的结尾大都是对人物的成就进行概括性评价。这种方法也可以用于介绍人物的应用文写作。eq\a\vs4\al(仿写训练/补全语段)Hewasverydiligentandalsobelievedthat①________________________________(天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水)．Alltheseexplained②____________________________(为什么他有这么多伟大的发明，并且他所做的一切激励着我在工作中发挥创造力)．科学无国界。我国老一辈科学家从国外学成归来，为新中国的崛起勤奋工作，无私奉献，奋斗不止。他们的事迹可歌可泣、感人至深。其中我国光学之父——王大珩就是一位杰出的代表。现在就让我们一起来看看他感人的事迹和对我国光学事业作出的巨大贡献吧！WangDaheng,theFatherofChineseOptics(光学)In1949,thefieldofappliedopticalsciencedidn'texistinChina.Understandingitsimportancefornationalstrength,theChinesegovernmentpaidmuchattentiontoopticalresearch.WangDaheng,arespectedopticalphysicist,devotedhiswholelifetothiscause.HekeptwatchingonthedevelopmentofChina'sfirstpieceofopticalglass,firstelectronicmicroscope,firstlaserdevice,andfirstlargesizeopticalmeasuringequipment,andhelpedtofoundtheChineseAcademyofEngineering.HeiscalledtheFatherofChineseOptics.Asateenager,WangDahengoftenfollowedhisfathertotheobservatoryandbecamegreatlyinterestedintheapparatus(仪器)there.In1936,hegraduatedfromTsinghuaUniversitywithadegreeinphysics.Twoyearslater,hewonagovernmentscholarshiptostudyinEngland.Afterearninghismaster'sdegreefromImperialCollegeLondonin1940,hebeganhisdoctoralstudiesinopticalphysicsandtechnology.In1948,WanggaveuphisestablishedcareerandfortablelifeintheWestandreturnedtohismotherlandwiththeaimofempowering(增强某人的自主权)itthroughscienceandtechnology.AtthetimeChinadidnothavethecapabilitytoproduceopticalmeasuringequipmentonitsown.In1951,Wangwasinstructedtofoundaninstituteoffinemechanicsandwasappointeditsfirstpresident.Withinlessthantwoyears,WangandhisteamproducedthefirstgroupofChinamadeopticalglass.Overthefollowingsixyears,theywentontodevelopthecountry'sfirstelectronicmicroscope,firsthighprecisiontheodolite(经纬仪),firstopticalrangefinder,andfiveotheropticaldevices,layingthefoundationforChina'spreciseopticalinstrumentindustry.In1961,theyindependentlydevelopedtherubylaserinChina.Inadditiontoscientificresearch,Wangadvancedthestudyofopticsinhighereducation.eq\o(Startinginthe1960s，Wangparticipatedintheopticalresearchrelatedtothedevelopmentof,\s\do8(①))nuclearbombs,missiles,andmanmadesatellites.In1970,Chinasuccessfullylaunchedtheeq\o(DongfanghongⅠsatellite，ofwhichWangwasoneofthedesigners.,\s\do8(②))WhenthesatellitereturnedtoEarth,thedevicestheydesignedbroughtbackclearimagesofourhomeplanetasseenfromouterspaceforthefirsttime.ToclosethetechnologicalgapbetweenChinaanddevelopedcountries,Wangandthreeothereq\o(scientistsmadethesuggestionofdrawingupanationalhi­techresearchanddevelopmentplanin,\s\do8(③))1986,whichledtothefamous863Program.In1992,WangandagroupofotherscientistscalledforthecreationoftheChineseAcademyofEngineering.Inthefollowingyears,hewonmanyhonorsfromthestate.HepassedawayinBeijingaged96onJuly21,2011afterlivingafullandfruitfullife.滴水穿石1．由文积词汇physicistn． 物理学家electronicadj. 电子的；电子学的microscopen. 显微镜establishv. 建立；创建；确立instituten. 机构；研究所highereducation 高等教育hitechn. 高科技2．据文悟句式句①Startinginthe1960s是动词ing形式作状语，表示时间；...relatedtothedevelopment...是过去分词短语作定语，修饰theopticalresearch。原句可改为：...theopticalresearchwhichwasrelatedtothedevelopment...句②ofwhich...thedesigners是“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，修饰theDongfanghongⅠsatellite。原句可改为：...theDongfanghongⅠsatelliteandWangwasoneofthedesignersofit(theDongfanghongⅠsatellite)。句③Toclosethetechnologicalgap...是动词不定式作目的状语；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代上一句的整个内容。课下请完成UNIT1课时检测(一)学习讲义答案UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSSectionⅠNO.1精阅读文意整体把握Ⅰ.①introduction②theories③assumption④data⑤truth/cause⑥method/way⑦way⑧epidemiologyⅡ.D文意深度理解(一)