高中必修英语单元知识点全总结

高中英语必修一Unit1Friendship知识点全总结一、核心词汇精讲1.重点单词深度解析（1）upset词性与词义：动词（使心烦、扰乱）；形容词（心烦的、混乱的）搭配示例：beupsetabout/over/atsth.（因某事心烦）；upsetsb.'splan（打乱某人的计划）语境运用：*Shewasupsettohearthebadnews.（听到坏消息她很心烦。）*（2）ignore词性与词义：动词（忽视、不理睬）搭配示例：ignoreone'sadvice（忽视某人的建议）；beignoredbysb.（被某人忽视）语境运用：*Heignoredthetrafficlightsandgotafine.（他无视交通灯，被罚款了。）*（3）concern词性与词义：动词（涉及、使担忧）；名词（关心、忧虑）搭配示例：beconcernedabout/for（关心、担忧）；asfaras...beconcerned（就……而言）语境运用：*Parentsarealwaysconcernedabouttheirchildren'ssafety.（父母总是担心孩子的安全。）*2.拓展词汇与词形转换upset→upset（过去式/过去分词）；upsetting（现在分词）concern→concerned（形容词：担心的、相关的）；concerning（介词：关于）suffer→suffering（名词：痛苦、苦难）；sufferer（名词：受难者）二、语法知识聚焦：直接引语与间接引语1.基本转换规则直接引语变间接引语时，需注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间/地点状语的变化：人称变化：遵循“一主二宾三不变”（主句主语为第一人称，从句主语随主句；主句宾语为第二人称，从句宾语随主句；第三人称不变）。示例：Hesaid,"IlikeEnglish."→HesaidthathelikedEnglish.时态变化：若主句为过去时态（如said），从句时态需“倒推”：一般现在时→一般过去时；现在进行时→过去进行时；现在完成时→过去完成时；一般过去时→过去完成时；一般将来时→过去将来时（will→would）。示例：Shesaid,"Iamreading."→Shesaidthatshewasreading.指示代词/时间/地点状语变化：this→that；these→those；now→then；today→thatday；here→there；yesterday→thedaybefore；tomorrow→thenextday2.特殊句式转换祈使句：直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语变为“ask/tell/ordersb.(not)todosth.”。示例：Theteachersaid,"Pleasebequiet."→Theteacheraskedustobequiet.疑问句：一般疑问句变间接引语时，用“if/whether+陈述语序”；特殊疑问句变间接引语时，保留疑问词，后接陈述语序。示例：Heasked,"Doyoulikemusic?"→Heaskedif/whetherIlikedmusic.示例：Sheasked,"Whereareyougoing?"→SheaskedwhereIwasgoing.三、重点句型剖析1.状语从句的省略句型结构：当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。示例：While(Iwas)walkingthedog,youwerecareless...拓展：常见省略结构还有“when/if/unless+分词/形容词/介词短语”，如：*If(itis)necessary,callmeatanytime.（如果有必要，随时给我打电话。）*2.Itwasthefirsttimethat...句型结构：Itwasthefirsttimethatsb.haddonesth.（从句用过去完成时，表示“这是某人第一次做某事”）。示例：ItwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI'dseenthenightfacetoface.3.强调句型（Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who...）句型结构：强调句可强调除谓语外的任何成分，若强调人，可用who代替that。示例：Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven'tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI'vegrownsocrazyaboutnature.（强调原因状语从句）判断方法：去掉“Itis/was”和“that/who”，句子仍完整，即为强调句。如：*ItwasyesterdaythatImethim.→YesterdayImethim.（句子完整，是强调句）*四、语篇理解与写作指导1.课文主题与结构本单元课文《Anne'sBestFriend》以安妮的日记为载体，讲述了她在二战期间藏身密室时，将大自然视为精神寄托的故事。日记的情感表达（如对自由的渴望、对孤独的倾诉）和细节描写（如对天空、小鸟的观察）是语篇亮点。2.写作实践：情感类记叙文/日记写作思路：开篇：交代背景（时间、地点、心情），如：*IstillrememberthedaywhenI...*主体：通过具体事件（如一次挫折、一段经历）展现情感变化，运用“细节描写+心理描写”，结合本单元语法（间接引语可用于转述他人话语）和句型（状语从句省略、强调句增强感染力）。结尾：升华主题，表达感悟，如：*ItwasthroughthisexperiencethatIrealized...*示例片段：*While(Iwas)walkinghomeyesterday,Ifoundalostdog.ItwassoweakthatIdecidedtotakeittotheanimalshelter.IwonderedifitwasbecauseIhadalwayslovedanimalsthatIfeltsodeterminedtohelpit.Thatnight,Iwroteinmydiary:"ItwasthefirsttimeI'ddonesomethingmeaningfulforastranger(adog,actually),andIfeltadeepsenseofsatisfaction."*五、拓展应用与巩固练习1.词汇运用（1）用所给词的适当形式填空：①Shewas______(upset)tohearherpetdied.②Weshouldshowmore______(concern)fortheelderly.③He______(ignore)mywarningandgotintotrouble.（2）翻译句子：①就我而言，健康比财富更重要。（asfaras...beconcerned）②他因考试不及格而心烦意乱。（beupsetabout）2.语法转换将下列直接引语改为间接引语：①Tomsaid,"Iwillgototheparktomorrow."②Theteacherasked,"Doyoufinishyourhomework?"③"Don'ttouchthemachine,"theworkersaidtous.3.句型仿写（1）用“状语从句的省略”结构仿写：*While(shewas)readingthebook,shefoundabeautifulsentence.→____________________*（2）用“Itwasthefirsttimethat...”仿写：*ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadvisitedthemuseum.→____________________*参考答案（部分）词汇运用（1）①upset；②concern；③ignored（2）①AsfarasI'mconcerned,healthismoreimportantthanwealth.②Hewasupsetaboutfailingtheexam.语法转换①Tomsaidthathewouldgototheparkthenext