专题02 限制性定语从句（期末复习讲义）（原卷版及全解全析）

7/11专题02限制性定语从句（期末复习讲义）年份卷别考点 考情分析2024新高考I卷限制性定语从句that/which【考向透视】1.聚焦关系词运用：重点考查关系代词(如that、which、who、whom、whose)和关系副词(where、when、why)的选择，依据先行词特性及在从句中充当的成分来判断。2.重视特殊结构：“介词+关系代词”结构，以及“介词+关系代词”中如何选介词。3.结合语境考查：将定语从句融入语篇，如语法填空、短文改错，需结合上下文判断引导词，对学生的语境理解和语法运用能力要求更高。4.与其他语法综合：常与强调句、名词性从句、状语从句结合考查，学生需准确区分不同从句类型和引导词的用法。【复习目标】1.掌握核心语法：牢记关系词的基本用法、适用情形，能精准判断先行词，明确其在从句中的语法功能。2.突破难点易错点：攻克“介词+关系代词”结构、定语从句和状语从句,名词性从句的辨析。3.提升语境运用能力：在不同语境中快速分析句子结构，准确填写定语从句引导词，提高语法填空的准确率。4.写作运用：在书面表达中，灵活、准确运用定语从句，丰富句式，提升作文的语言质量。1月浙江卷限制性定语从句that/which2023全国乙卷限制性定语从句which/that2022新高考I卷限制性定语从句that限制性定语从句限制性定语从句知识点01关系代词的用法关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.那就是教我们物理的老师。2.whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.李明正是我想要见的男孩。3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。4.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Heisthemanthat/wholivesnextdoor.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。Whereistheman(that/whom)Isawthismorning?我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？Idon’tlikestoriesthat/whichhaveunhappyendings.我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。Thedress(that/which)Annboughtdoesn’tfitherverywell.安买的衣服不太合身。5.whose指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替：Thehousewhosewindowsarebrokenisempty.=Thehousethewindowsofwhicharebrokenisempty.=Thehouseofwhichthewindowsarebrokenisempty.注意：whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.6.as当先行词受so,such,thesame修饰时使用。如：I’veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.他可不像他看上去的那样傻。ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。注意：当先行词受thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。因此，thesame...as...指同一类或相似的事物thesame...that...指同一个事物【即时检测】用关系代词合并为定语从句.1．Thecityisverybeautiful.Ivisitedthecitylastsummer.2．Theblackpenwriteswell.Iliketheblackpenverymuch.3．Thecutegirlhaslonghair.Thecutegirlismyclassmate.4．Thebookisveryinteresting.Iboughtthebookyesterday.5．Thelittleboyisplayingfootball.Thelittleboyismybrother.6．Thenovelistwillattendtheliteraryfestivalnextmonth.Thenovelist’slatestbookexploresthemesofpeaceandfreedom.7．Thedoctorcantreatrarediseases.ThedoctorwasawardedtheNationalMedicalPrizelastyear.8．Thisrestauranthasaninviting,homelikeatmosphere.Manyothersareshortoftheatmosphere.易｜错｜点｜拨一.限制性定语从句中只能用that引导的情况1.当先行词为all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,theone等词时或者被这些词修饰的时候。Everythingthathesaidwastrue.2.当先行词被thevery(恰恰，正好),theonly，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。Thisistheverygrammarbook(that)Iwanttobuy.Theonlythingthatisconstantischange.Therewaslittlethatwecoulddotohelpher.3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI'veeverseen.4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。(避免引导词的重复出现)Whothathascommonsensewillbelievesuchnonsense?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6.当先行词既有人又有物时。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?7.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。Sheisnolongerthesweetgirl(that)sheusedtobe.Heisnottheman(that)heseems.二.限制性定语从句只用which的情况1.引导限定性定语从句(不用逗号分隔),先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。Youshouldselecttheoptionwhichbestsuitsyourrequirements.你要挑选最符合你需求的选项。2.用于“介词+which”结构，这种结构较为正式，常见于书面语中。Thecity

inwhichIwasborn

islocatedinthesouthernpartofthecountry.我出生的城市位于这个国家的南部。3.先行词本身是that,宜用whichWhat’sthatwhichsheislookingat?三.限制性定语从句只用who的情况在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who，而不能用that。1.先行词是one,ones和anyone时，宜用who。Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Theoneswhoflattermedon’tpleaseme.Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.2.先行词是those时，宜用who。Nowordsarestrongenoughtoexpressourthankstothosewhoworkedhardtorescuesurvivorsintheearthquake.3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。ImetagirlinthestreetyesterdaywhogrewupinwesternYunnanprovince.4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who。Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.知识点02关系副词的用法关系副词先行词在从句中的作用when时间名词时间状语where地点名词地点状语why原因名词原因状语1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。注意先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case,point,situation,circumstance,activity…ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.上海是我出生的城市。Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwhereheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.请告诉我你误机的原因。Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：I’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstmetyou.我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。【即时检测】用关系副词合并为定语从句.1．Sheisalwayskindandhelpful.Thatiswhyeveryonelikesher.（用Thereasonwhy...isthat..改写）2．Theparkiscrowdedtoday.Weoftentakeawalkinthepark.3．Thebighouselooksbeautiful.Tomlivesinthebighouse.4．Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome.Iwastakengoodcareofinthatsmallvillageduringthehours.5．Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks.Animalsandplantscanbeprotectedinthenationalparks.6．Hewenttoabigcity.Manyofhisfriendsworkinthecity.→7．Earlierrisersarelesslikelytogetdepressed.Thereasonseemstobelinkedtogettingmorelightexposureduringtheday.8．Maryleftanoteunderthemailbox.Sheandherfriendusedtoexchangesmallgiftstherewhentheywerechildren.解｜题｜技｜巧1.定语从句是形容词性的，它用来修饰名词或代词；2.掌握定语从句的分类(限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句)和引导词的特点(关系代词作成分、关系副词只能充当状语)及引导词的使用限定；3.在选择引导词时，遵循三字原则(断：断句，划分好主句和从句；找：找准先行词；放：将引导词放入从句中，同时要看好从句是否缺少成分，再选择引导词的类别知识点03“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1.“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。WuDong,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.和我一起去听音乐会的吴东，非常喜欢这次音乐会。注：在这种结构中，介词与先行词组成短语，在从句中充当句子成分，因此介词的选用时受到一定限制的，仍然根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。2.“不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋ofwhich/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。如：some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词或分数，百分比加上ofwhich或ofwhom来修饰或限定先行词。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears，noneofwhichhasbeenproved.科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。Manyyoungpeople，mostofwhomwerewell­educated，headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。3.在定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋ofwhich”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋ofwhom”。Thenewly­builtcafé,whosewalls(＝thewallsofwhich)arepaintedlightgreen，isreallyapeacefulplaceforus，especiallyafterhardwork.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildren(＝thechildrenofwhom)oftenmakealotofnoise.我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。【即时检测】用介词+关系代词合并为定语从句.1．InthepastthreeyearsIhavetakenpartinmanyactivities.Iperformedwellandgainedrichexperienceinthoseactivities.2．Theancienttownhasauniqueatmosphere.Intheatmosphere,peoplecanexperiencethetraditionalculturedeeply.3．Weexploredahistoricalmuseum.WelearnedaboutancientobjectsandChinesedynastiesthere.4．Iwillneverforgetthosedays.Iwasbroughtupinthecountrysidethen.5．Thechildisgoingthroughadifficultphase.Morecareandguidanceareneededinthisphase.6．Thecolorlessgasiscalledoxygen.Wecan’tlivewithoutthegas.7．Thewonderfuldayswillbeforevertreasured.Westudiedtogetherinthedays.8．Wateristhenaturalmedium.Thefishliveinit.易｜错｜点｜拨1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(误)2.介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(正)Themanwiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.(误)基础通关（测试时间：10分钟）一、单项选择1．Thesecondbook________IwanttoreadwaswrittenbyLuxun.A．that B．which C．what D．as2．Theteacherwassatisfiedwithallthehomework________hadbeenfinishedbyus.A．whose B．who C．what D．that3．Theman________youtalkedtojustnowisaworker.A．who B．whose C．whom D．which4．Thetalkbetweenthetwocountriesonjointspaceexploration,________isreportedintoday’sScienceJournal,ismakinggroundbreakingprogress________couldredefineourunderstandingofMars.A．as;what B．which;what C．as;that D．which;which5．Thereisataxiinthebusstation________wecanhiretoexploretheislandwitheaseandgreatjoydaily.A．where B．when C．which D．why6．Thestudentsweresoinvolvedindiscussingsuchcomplexmathproblems________theycouldn’tfigureoutatall________theydidn’tnoticetheirEnglishteacherwasapproaching.A．as;when B．as;that C．that;while D．that;that7．Thethieves,________weredressedasconstructionworkers,scaledtheladderandcutthroughawindowintheApolloGallery,justafewroomsawayfromtheexhibitionhall________the“MonaLisa”isdisplayed.A．twoofwhom;which B．twoofthem;whichC．twoofthem;where D．ofwhomtwo;where8．Thereason________hegavemefornotsubmittinghishomeworkwas________hehadleftitinhisdorm.A．why;because B．why;that C．that;because D．that;that9．Itakeoutabanana________isfromBrazil.Thebananacameherebyboat,thecarbonfootprintof________issmall.A．that,which B．where,that C．which,it D．what,which10．—HaveyoueverbeentoXi’an?—No,butthat’sthecity________.A．whereImostliketovisit B．I’dmostliketovisititC．whichIliketovisitmost D．whereI’dlikemosttovisit重难突破（测试时间：10分钟）一、语法填空1．Sheistheonlypersoncansuccessfullysolvethistoughproblem.2．Canyouseethemountaintopiscoveredwithsnow?3．WhilelivinginSaudiArabia,IhadopportunitiestotraveltoafewcountriesIhaduniqueexperiences.4．Theprofessortalkedaboutthefamouswritersandnovelshavefar-reachingeffectsonmodernAmericanliterature.5．ThereasonIhadafightwithKimwasthatshecheated!6．Sheisoneofthosewomenalwaysmaketheworstoftheirtroubles.7．Shedescribedinherdiarythepeopleandtheplacesimpressedhermost.8．ThenewCRHtrainbetweenBeijingandShanghaispeedcanreachabout380km/hwillbenefitpeoplealot.9．IwillstampmygoldenstayinParisonmyheartIledahappyandfruitfullife.10．Everyartist’sdreamistocreatesomethingexpressesanidea.易混易错（测试时间：10分钟）一、用关系代词that或which填空1.AnexhibitionattheJiushiArtMuseuminShanghaiisfeaturingartworkinspiredbyGo,orweiqiinChinese,________originatedinChinamorethan4,000yearsago.2.Tanyaisalsolookingbeyondspecial-occasiondressestolessformalclothing,________sheplanstopackageascapsulewardrobesandoffertotravellers,suchasthoseheadedtoweddingsabroad,withalonger-termrentalperiod.3.Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities-theypricegoodsintheway________willmakethemthemostmoney.4.Hecalleditapollutant________threatensnocturnalanimalsandaffectsplantsandmicroorganisms.5.Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace________welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.二.用关系代词who，whom，that，whose或as填空6.NowIhavebecomeaseniorhighschoolstudentandthismeansIhaveanopportunitytobecomeadifferentperson________canbebetterpreparedformyfuturelife.7.Sotheverything________oncesavedusmaynowbekillingus.8.Chineseculturalelementscommemorating(纪念)TangXianzu,________isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia,”addaninternationalcharactertoStratford-upon-Avon,WilliamShakespeare’shometown.9.Kate,________sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,hasgonetoworkinAustralia.10.Heissuchalovelystudent________everyonelikes.链接高考（测试时间：15分钟）单句语法填空1.(2025新课标Ⅱ卷)Theshapecreatesaperfectmarket__________goodscouldbeshippedandreceivedusingtheriverasahighway.2.(2025新课标Ⅱ卷)Andintheprocess,I’veexperiencedthings_________reallysurprisemeattimes.3.(2025北京卷)Thesecorefeaturesarebuiltinwithourmemoriestocreateapersonalstorythrough_______weunderstandourlives.4.(2024新课标I卷)TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoute________broughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchoftherichnessofgardeninginEngland.5.(2024浙江1月卷)Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities

—theypricegoodsintheway________willmakethemthemostmoney.6.(2023全国乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace________welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.7.(2023上海春考)YoungEnterpriseprimarilymeetstheneedsofyoungpeople________arestillatschool,givingthemanunderstandingofindustryandtheopportunitiesitmayoffertheminthefuture.8.(2022新课标I卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.9.(2021新课标II卷)IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany________usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.10.(2021北京卷)Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything________happenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.11.(2021浙江1月卷)BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool________givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.12..(2023全国乙卷)Thecolorshechosecameinaboxwhichhadapictureofawoman________haircolorlookedjustperfect.13.(2022浙江1月卷)KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics________arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.

专题02限制性定语从句（期末复习讲义）年份卷别考点 考情分析2024新高考I卷限制性定语从句that/which【考向透视】1.聚焦关系词运用：重点考查关系代词(如that、which、who、whom、whose)和关系副词(where、when、why)的选择，依据先行词特性及在从句中充当的成分来判断。2.重视特殊结构：“介词+关系代词”结构，以及“介词+关系代词”中如何选介词。3.结合语境考查：将定语从句融入语篇，如语法填空、短文改错，需结合上下文判断引导词，对学生的语境理解和语法运用能力要求更高。4.与其他语法综合：常与强调句、名词性从句、状语从句结合考查，学生需准确区分不同从句类型和引导词的用法。【复习目标】1.掌握核心语法：牢记关系词的基本用法、适用情形，能精准判断先行词，明确其在从句中的语法功能。2.突破难点易错点：攻克“介词+关系代词”结构、定语从句和状语从句,名词性从句的辨析。3.提升语境运用能力：在不同语境中快速分析句子结构，准确填写定语从句引导词，提高语法填空的准确率。4.写作运用：在书面表达中，灵活、准确运用定语从句，丰富句式，提升作文的语言质量。1月浙江卷限制性定语从句that/which2023全国乙卷限制性定语从句which/that2022新高考I卷限制性定语从句that限制性定语从句限制性定语从句知识点01关系代词的用法关系代词先行词在从句中的作用who人主语、宾语whom人宾语which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语as人或物主语、宾语1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.那就是教我们物理的老师。2.whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.李明正是我想要见的男孩。3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。4.that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Heisthemanthat/wholivesnextdoor.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。Whereistheman(that/whom)Isawthismorning?我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？Idon’tlikestoriesthat/whichhaveunhappyendings.我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。Thedress(that/which)Annboughtdoesn’tfitherverywell.安买的衣服不太合身。5.whose指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替：Thehousewhosewindowsarebrokenisempty.=Thehousethewindowsofwhicharebrokenisempty.=Thehouseofwhichthewindowsarebrokenisempty.注意：whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.6.as当先行词受so,such,thesame修饰时使用。如：I’veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.我从未听过像他讲的这样的故事。Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.他可不像他看上去的那样傻。ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。注意：当先行词受thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的同一条连衣裙。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungersisterwore.她穿着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。因此，thesame...as...指同一类或相似的事物thesame...that...指同一个事物【即时检测】用关系代词合并为定语从句.1．Thecityisverybeautiful.Ivisitedthecitylastsummer.【答案】ThecitywhichIvisitedlastsummerisverybeautiful.//ThecitythatIvisitedlastsummerisverybeautiful./ThecityIvisitedlastsummerisverybeautiful.【详解】考查定语从句。原句句意：这座城市非常美丽。我去年夏天参观了这座城市。改写后句意：我去年夏天参观的这座城市非常美丽。确定先行词：在两个简单句中，共同描述的对象是Thecity，所以Thecity是合并后句子中定语从句的先行词。将第二句改为定语从句，先行词Thecity指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作visited的宾语，关系代词可以用that或which，也可以省略关系代词。故答案为：Thecitythat/which(或无关系词)Ivisitedlastsummerisverybeautiful.2．Theblackpenwriteswell.Iliketheblackpenverymuch.【答案】Theblackpenthat/which(或无关系词)Ilikeverymuchwriteswell.【详解】考查定语从句。原句句意：这支黑钢笔写得很好。我非常喜欢那支黑色钢笔。改写后句意：我非常喜欢的那支黑色钢笔写得很好。确定先行词：在两个简单句中，共同描述的对象是theblackpen，所以theblackpen是合并后句子中定语从句的先行词。将第二句改为定语从句，先行词theblackpen指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语，关系代词可以用that或which，也可以省略关系代词。故答案为：Theblackpenthat/which(或无关系词)Ilikeverymuchwriteswell.3．Thecutegirlhaslonghair.Thecutegirlismyclassmate.【答案】Thecutegirlwhohaslonghairismyclassmate./Thecutegirlthathaslonghairismyclassmate.【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个可爱的女孩有长头发。这个可爱的女孩是我的同学。两个句子有着相同的主语，可将第一句处理为限制性定语从句，修饰第二句主语Thecutegirl，即先行词，指人，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，用关系代词who或that引导从句，其他部分不变。故填Thecutegirlwho/thathaslonghairismyclassmate.4．Thebookisveryinteresting.Iboughtthebookyesterday.【答案】ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting./ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting./ThebookIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.【详解】考查定语从句。原句句意：这本书非常有趣。我昨天买了这本书。改写后句意：我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。确定先行词：在两个简单句中，共同描述的对象是thebook，所以thebook是合并后句子中定语从句的先行词。将第二句改为定语从句，先行词thebook指物，代替先行词在定语从句中作bought的宾语，可用关系代词that或which，也可以省略关系代词。故答案为：Thebookwhich/that(或无关系词)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.5．Thelittleboyisplayingfootball.Thelittleboyismybrother.【答案】Thelittleboywho/thatisplayingfootballismybrother.【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正在踢足球的那个小男孩是我哥哥。原句是两个简单句，均含有Thelittleboy，第一个句子可改写为限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Thelittleboy，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词指人，应用关系代词who或that引导，故答案是Thelittleboywho/thatisplayingfootballismybrother.6．Thenovelistwillattendtheliteraryfestivalnextmonth.Thenovelist’slatestbookexploresthemesofpeaceandfreedom.【答案】Thenovelistwhoselatestbookexploresthemesofpeaceandfreedomwillattendtheliteraryfestivalnextmonth.【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位小说家将于下月出席文学节。这位小说家的最新著作探讨了和平与自由的主题。第一个简单句作为主句，第二个简单句作为定语从句，将thenovelist作为先行词，与latestbook为所属关系，需使用关系代词whose引导从句，替代原句中的所有格thenovelist’s。故答案是：Thenovelistwhoselatestbookexploresthemesofpeaceandfreedomwillattendtheliteraryfestivalnextmonth.7．Thedoctorcantreatrarediseases.ThedoctorwasawardedtheNationalMedicalPrizelastyear.【答案】Thedoctorwho/thatwasawardedtheNationalMedicalPrizelastyearcantreatrarediseases./Thedoctorwho/thatcantreatrarediseaseswasawardedtheNationalMedicalPrizelastyear.【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年获得国家医学奖的那位医生能治疗罕见疾病。/能治疗罕见疾病的那位医生去年获得了国家医学奖。先行词是“thedoctor”（医生），指人，在两个句子中分别承担不同角色。以第一个句子为主句时，第二个句子中“thedoctor”作主语，可用关系代词“who”或“that”引导定语从句“who/thatwasawardedtheNationalMedicalPrizelastyear”，在句中作定语修饰“thedoctor”，表明是去年获得国家医学奖的那位医生能治疗罕见疾病；以第二个句子为主句时，第一个句子中“thedoctor”作主语，同样用“who”或“that”引导定语从句“who/thatcantreatrarediseases”，在句中作定语修饰“thedoctor”，即能治疗罕见疾病的那位医生去年获得了国家医学奖。故填Thedoctorwho/thatwasawardedtheNationalMedicalPrizelastyearcantreatrarediseases./Thedoctorwho/thatcantreatrarediseaseswasawardedtheNationalMedicalPrizelastyear.8．Thisrestauranthasaninviting,homelikeatmosphere.Manyothersareshortoftheatmosphere.【答案】Thisrestauranthasaninviting,homelikeatmospherethatmanyothersareshortof./Thisrestauranthasaninviting,homelikeatmospherewhich/manyothersareshortof./Thisrestauranthasaninviting,homelikeatmospheremanyothersareshortof.【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家餐厅有着诱人的、如家一般的氛围。其他许多餐厅都缺乏这种氛围。改写成定语从句，将第一个简单句作为主句，第二个简单句作为定语从句，先行词atmosphere，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that/which引导，或者将关系代词省略。故答案是：Thisrestauranthasaninviting,homelikeatmospherethat/which/或无关系代词manyothersareshortof.。易｜错｜点｜拨一.限制性定语从句中只能用that引导的情况1.当先行词为all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,theone等词时或者被这些词修饰的时候。Everythingthathesaidwastrue.2.当先行词被thevery(恰恰，正好),theonly，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。Thisistheverygrammarbook(that)Iwanttobuy.Theonlythingthatisconstantischange.Therewaslittlethatwecoulddotohelpher.3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI'veeverseen.4.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.WhatisthefirstAmericanfilmthatyouhaveseen?5.当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。(避免引导词的重复出现)Whothathascommonsensewillbelievesuchnonsense?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6.当先行词既有人又有物时。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?7.先行词在定语从句中做表语，而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。Sheisnolongerthesweetgirl(that)sheusedtobe.Heisnottheman(that)heseems.二.限制性定语从句只用which的情况1.引导限定性定语从句(不用逗号分隔),先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。Youshouldselecttheoptionwhichbestsuitsyourrequirements.你要挑选最符合你需求的选项。2.用于“介词+which”结构，这种结构较为正式，常见于书面语中。Thecity

inwhichIwasborn

islocatedinthesouthernpartofthecountry.我出生的城市位于这个国家的南部。3.先行词本身是that,宜用whichWhat’sthatwhichsheislookingat?三.限制性定语从句只用who的情况在定语从句中who和that指代人时常可以通用，但在下列情况中只能用who，而不能用that。1.先行词是one,ones和anyone时，宜用who。Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Theoneswhoflattermedon’tpleaseme.Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.2.先行词是those时，宜用who。Nowordsarestrongenoughtoexpressourthankstothosewhoworkedhardtorescuesurvivorsintheearthquake.3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。ImetagirlinthestreetyesterdaywhogrewupinwesternYunnanprovince.4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who。Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.知识点02关系副词的用法1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。注意先行词还可以是抽象的地点名词，如：case,point,situation,circumstance,activity…ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.上海是我出生的城市。Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwhereheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.请告诉我你误机的原因。Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：I’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichI