专题01时文快速浏览与主旨把握方法（讲义）

专题01时文快速浏览与主旨把握方法在高考英语试卷中，时文阅读作为“语言运用”与“信息获取”结合的核心题型，主旨大意（含标题归纳、段落大意、全文主旨）的考察绝非简单的“内容概括”，而是对考生“文本逻辑把控力”“信息筛选能力”“思维深度”的综合检验，其重要性可从考试定位、能力考查、实际应用三个维度展开。对于考生而言，掌握主旨大意的解题方法（如“三步浏览法”“分体裁定位技巧”），不仅能提升高考阅读得分，更能培养终身受益的“高效阅读”与“理性思维”能力——这正是高考英语时文阅读考查主旨大意的核心价值所在。方法讲解核心方法：三步浏览法步骤一：找主题段（1020秒）知识1：有标题技巧①圈出“名词短语+动词”（如“GlobalWarmingHarmsCoralReefs”→话题+关系）；②读首段前12句，补“时间/数字/作者态度”。注意：标题带问号（如“IsAIGood?”）→仅为话题，非观点。示例标题：“China’sSpaceStationReturns7thBatchofScientificSamples”​首段：“OnOctober27,2024,theShenzhou18spacecraftcarryingthe7thbatchofscientificsamplesfromChina’sSpaceStationlandedsafelyintheGobiDesert.Amongthesamples,zebrafishembryosandplantseedshavebeethefocusofresearchers.”​①圈出“名词短语+动词”：​②读首段前2句，补细节：​③主题：​【解析】①名词短语“China’sSpaceStation/7thBatchofScientificSamples”，动词“Returns”→锁定话题+关系：中国空间站返还第7批科学样本。​②时间（2024.10.27）、地点（GobiDesert）、核心样本（zebrafishembryos/plantseeds）。​③2024年10月27日，神舟十八号飞船将中国空间站第7批科学样本（含斑马鱼胚胎、植物种子）带回戈壁沙漠，引发科研关注。知识2：无标题技巧①精读首段前23句，圈出3类词：名词（定对象/话题）；形容词（定情感倾向）；逻辑词（定背景/转折）；②首段难→看首段末句（常总结主题）。易错注意：勿漏首段转折词（However/But）→避免片面预判。示例1“Nowadays,microplasticpollutionhasbeeaseriousenvironmentalproblemaffectingoceansandsoil.Manystudieshaveproveditsharmfuleffectsonmarinelife—somefishevenmistakemicroplasticsforfood.However,Chineseresearchershaverecentlydevelopedanewbiodegradablematerialthatcanabsorbmicroplasticseffectively.”​1.精读首段前3句，圈出3类词：​名词：​形容词：​​逻辑词：​​2.无需应急：​​3.主题：​​【解析】1.精读首段前3句，圈出3类词：​名词：microplasticpollution（话题）、biodegradablematerial（解决方案）；​形容词：serious（负面，表问题严重性）、effectively（正面，表方案有效性）；​逻辑词：Nowadays（背景）、However（转折，引出核心）。​2.无需应急：首段逻辑清晰，直接锁定核心。​3.主题：微塑料污染危害严重，而中国研究人员研发的新型可降解材料能有效解决该问题。​示例2​“Withtherapiddevelopmentofholisticveterinarymedicine—abranchofmedicalsciencethatfocusesontheoverallhealthofanimalsratherthansinglesymptoms—morepetownersareturningtoalternativetreatmentsfortheirsickpets.Fromacupuncturefordogswithjointpaintochiropracticadjustmentsforhorseswithmobilityissues,thesetreatmentshavegainedpopularity,butmanyveterinariansstillquestiontheirscientificbasis.A2024surveybytheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationfoundthat68%ofpetownersreportedimprovementintheirpets'conditionsaftersuchtreatments,yetonly32%oftraditionalveterinariansrecognizetheireffectiveness.Thus,bridgingthegapbetweenholisticandtraditionalveterinarymedicineiskeytobetterpetcare.”​①精读首段前3句遇难点：启用应急技巧，看首段末句：.②反推核心：​名词：.​逻辑词：.避坑验证：.【解析】1.精读首段前3句遇难点：启用应急技巧，看首段末句：“Thus,bridgingthegapbetweenholisticandtraditionalveterinarymedicineiskeytobetterpetcare.”​2.反推核心：​①名词：holisticveterinarymedicine/traditionalveterinarymedicine（说明对象）；​②逻辑词：Thus（结论）→倾向“需衔接两类兽医医学以改善宠物护理”。③避坑验证：未遗漏首段隐含转折“but”，避免仅概括“整体兽医医学受欢迎”的片面结论。步骤二：找主题词（1.5分钟）知识1：高频重复词①每段首句+首/尾段中重复≥3次的名词/名词短语；注意排除虚词、某段数据和笼统词。②同义替换词知识2：逻辑词①转折类信号词（However/But/Yet）作用:提问题/反驳技巧:圈出“信号词后核心名词”示例“Urbanreadingroomshavebeepopularfortheir24hourserviceandfreeaccess.”However,manyremotemunitiesstilllacksuchfacilities,makingithardforelderlyresidentstoenjoytheservice.识别信号词:.圈出信号词后核心名词：.快速判断：.【解析】识别信号词“However”；圈出信号词后核心名词：“remotemunities”“facilities”“elderlyresidents”；快速判断：段落核心是“偏远社区缺乏城市书房，影响老年人使用”。②并列类信号词（Besides/First/Second）作用:分点补充技巧:标“1/2”区分维度（如优势1/2）示例consumption.Secondwasterequiresjointeffortsfromindividualsandsociety.”First,individualscanusereusablebagsandbottlestocutdowndailyplasticconsumption.Second,governmentsshouldbansingleuseplasticsinpublicplacesandpromoterecyclingprograms.识别信号词:；标“1/2”区分维度：个人维度：；政府维度：；快速判断：。【解析】识别信号词“First/Second”；标“1/2”区分维度：个人维度：圈出核心名词“individuals”“reusablebagsandbottles”；政府维度：圈出核心名词“governments”“bansingleuseplastics”“recyclingprograms”；快速判断：段落从“个人”和“政府”两方面补充措施。③因果类信号词（Therefore/Asaresult）作用:给结论/对策技巧:圈出“信号词后动词”示例“GlobalwarminghascausedArcticicetomeltrapidly,destroyingpolarbears'habitats.”Therefore,countriesaroundtheworldmustworktogethertoreducecarbonemissionsandprotecttheArcticecosystem.识别信号词；圈出信号词后动词；快速判断：”。【解析】识别信号词“Therefore”；圈出信号词后动词：“worktogether”“reduce”“protect”；快速判断：段落核心是“各国需合作减排，保护北极生态”。④举例类信号词（Forexample/Suchas）作用:支撑观点技巧:略读，仅记“为哪句举例”示例“Manytraditionalcraftshavebeenrevivedwiththehelpofsocialmedia.”Forexample,craftsmeninYunnansharevideosofmakingtiedyeclothesonTikTok,attractingmillionsofviewsandboostingsalesoftiedyeproducts.识别信号词；略读例子细节观点句。【解析】识别信号词“Forexample”；略读例子细节观点句:社交媒体助力传统工艺复兴。步骤三：用标志词验证（40秒）①选项匹配核心标志词：正确选项必包含全文高频主题词（或同义替换词），无主题词的选项直接排除。②警惕绝对化标志词：选项中出现must/never/all/only等绝对词，大概率不是主旨（主旨多为客观概括，非极端表述）。③锁定总结性标志词：文章尾段出现inshort/thus/therefore/tosumup等总结词，其后内容的核心词需与选项匹配。④排除细节类标志词：选项含forexample/suchas/specifically等细节标志词，仅为论据，非主旨，直接排除。典型例题Cancerfightinggenesinelephantscouldhelptotackleoneofthebiggestkillersofpeople,accordingtoresearch.Despitetheirlargebodiesandlonglifespans(寿命),elephantsaremuchlesslikelytodiefromcancerthanhumans,withdeathratesoflessthan5percent.Theparadoxhaspuzzledscientistsbecausemorecellsleadstogreaterreplications,whichincreasesthepossibilityofthebodyfailingtodetectdamagedDNAorafaultycellthatcanresultintumours(肿瘤).Elephantsliveforalmostaslongashumans,andcanweighuptofivetons.However,agroupofBritishandEuropeanscientistssaytheyhavetakenabigsteptowardssolvingPeto’sparadox,namedaftertheBritishepidemiologistSirRichardPeto.Elephants,theysay,carryamuchlarger,morediversegroupoftumourfightingproteins.Thefindings,publishedlastweekinthejournalMolecularBiologyandEvolution,raisehopesthatthecancerfightinggenesinelephantscouldbethekeytotacklingcancer,whichkillsabout167,000Britonseachyear.Cellskeepdividingthroughoutanorganism’slife,eachcarryingtheriskofproducingatumour.Oneofthebody’sweaponsisagenecalledp53,knownasthe“guardianofthegenome”,whichhuntscellswithfaultyDNA．Itencouragesthecelltorepairitselforselfdestruct,keepingthecellfrombindingwithothersandproducingtumours.Humanshavetwoversionsofp53butelephantshave40,saidtheresearchers,includingthosefromOxfordandEdinburghuniversities.Biochemicalanalysisandputersimulationsalsoshowedthatanelephant’sp53genesarestructurallyslightlydifferent,providingamuchlargeranticancertoolkit.Theresearcherssuspectthatwhilefaultycellsmightbeabletoskirttwop53versions,theycannotbindtoothercellsaseasilyinthefaceofdozens.Thefindingswillopenthewayforresearchonhowp53genesareactivatedandonmedicaltreatmentforhumans.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ScientistsFindAnticancerGenesinElephantsB.P53GenesPlayEssentialRoleinFightingCancerC.ElephantGenesCouldBeKeytoPreventingCancerD.GroundbreakingMedicalTreatmentforCancerontheWay步骤一：找主题段（1020秒）精读首段前23句，圈出3类词：①名词（定对象/话题）：.②形容词（定情感倾向）：.步骤二：找主题词（1.5分钟）知识1：高频重复词①每段首句+首/尾段中重复≥3次的名词/名词短语；注意排除虚词、某段数据和笼统词。②同义替换词.知识2：逻辑词①：前文提出“大象体型大、寿命长却癌症率低”的悖论，后文通过其明确文本重点是“大象基因与抗癌的关联”。②结论句（尾段）：.进一步强化“大象基因对人类抗癌的意义”。步骤三：用标志词验证（40秒）选项主题词匹配度验证结论ABCD【解析】步骤一：找主题段（1020秒）精读首段前23句，圈出3类词：①名词（定对象/话题）：“Cancerfightinggenes”、“elephants”②形容词（定情感倾向）：“lesslikelytodie”步骤二：找主题词（1.5分钟）知识1：高频重复词①每段首句+首/尾段中重复≥3次的名词/名词短语；注意排除虚词、某段数据和笼统词。②同义替换词elephants(大象)、cancerfightinggenes/anticancergenes(抗癌基因)、tacklecancer/preventingcancer(应对/预防癌症)、humans(人类)。知识2：逻辑词①转折词“However”（第三段）：前文提出“大象体型大、寿命长却癌症率低”的悖论，后文通过“However”引出核心解决方案——“大象携带更多样抗癌蛋白”，明确文本重点是“大象基因与抗癌的关联”。②research...efindingswillopenthewayforresearch...onmedicaltreatmentforhumans”（该发现为人类癌症治疗研究铺路），进一步强化“大象基因对人类抗癌的意义”。步骤三：用标志词验证（40秒）选项主题词匹配度验证结论A包含“elephants”“anticancergenes”，但缺少“helphumans/tacklecancer”仅概括“发现基因”这一细节，未体现研究的核心意义（帮助人类抗癌）排除B包含“p53genes”“fightingcancer”，但缺少“elephants”p53基因是大象抗癌的具体机制，属于细节，而非全文核心（全文核心是“大象基因”而非“p53基因本身”）排除C包含“elephantgenes”“preventingcancer”1.“elephantgenes”对应原文“cancerfightinggenesinelephants”；2.“preventingcancer”是“tacklecancer”的同义替换，且完整覆盖“大象基因帮助人类抗癌”的核心逻辑正确D包含“medicaltreatmentforcancer”，但缺少“elephantgenes”仅提及“癌症治疗前景”，未体现全文核心——“大象基因”是这一前景的关键，属于偏离主题排除即时练习2023年全国乙卷Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,

ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartof

humanity,

youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,

becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,

whilemostoftheworld,

formostofthetime,

hasnot.

Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,

anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate

(有文字的)

societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.

Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.

Whathumanity

isconcernedabout.C.

Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.

Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.【答案】A【解析】步骤一：找主题段（1020秒）精读首段，圈出3类词：①名词（定对象/话题）：“thehistoryofthewholeworld”“texts”“things”some...mostworld...hasdoitthroughtextsalone”“onlysome...mostoftheworld...hasnot”步骤二：找主题词与核心逻辑（1分钟）核心名词：“worldhistory”（世界历史）、“texts”（文字史料）、“things”（非文字史料）关键逻辑词：“cannotdoitthroughtextsalone”（不能仅靠文字），引出“多数地区、多数时间无文字，需结合非文字史料”的核心观点步骤三：用标志词验证（40秒）选项主题词匹配度验证结论A包含“pastevents”（对应“worldhistory”）、“presented”（对应“tell...throughtexts/things”）准确概括首段核心：讲述世界历史不能仅靠文字，需考虑非文字史料，即“如何呈现过往事件”正确B仅提及“humanity'sconcerns”（人类关注的事物），首段未围绕“人类关注内容”展开，而是“讲述历史的方式”偏离主题排除C涉及“factsvswords”（事实与文字），首段未对比“事实”与“文字”的重要性，而是讨论“文字能否单独支撑世界历史叙述”偷换概念排除D强调“writtenlanguageisreliable”（文字可靠），但首段核心是“不能仅靠文字”，未肯定文字的“可靠性”与原文逻辑相反排除2024年浙江卷TheStanfordmarshmallowtestwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat，selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat，theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Followupstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted（诱惑）bysugarytreats，butbyourputers，phones，andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacaloriepoorworld，andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus，dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories，westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago，andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformationpoor，soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded（轰炸）withnewinformation.Therefore，justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption，wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption，resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.2.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext？A.EatLess,ReadMoreB.TheBitterTruthaboutEarlyHumansC.TheLater,theBetter D.TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups【答案】D【解析】步骤一：找主题段（1020秒）精读首段与第二段，圈出3类词：①名词（定对象/话题）：“Stanfordmarshmallowtest”（斯坦福棉花糖实验）、“children”（儿童）、“adults”（成年人）、“informationtemptation”（信息诱惑）②定逻辑关系：“aversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday”（成年人每天面临类似实验）步骤二：找主题词与核心逻辑（1.5分钟）知识1：高频与同义替换词高频词：“marshmallowtest”（棉花糖实验）、“adults”（成年人）同义替换：“temptedbysugarytreats”（儿童被糖果诱惑）→“temptedbyputers/phones/information”（成年人被电子设备/信息诱惑）；“waitforsecondtreat”（儿童等待第二颗糖果）→“resistmental‘junkfood’”（成年人抵制精神“垃圾信息”）知识2：逻辑词与结论转折/衔接词：“Asadults”（第二段首句），明确从“儿童棉花糖实验”过渡到“成年人的类似场景”，是全文核心转折结论句（第四段尾句）：“wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption，resistingthetemptation...”（需理性对待信息消费，抵制诱惑），强化“成年人面临‘棉花糖实验’式信息诱惑”的核心.步骤三：用标志词验证（40秒）选项主题词匹配度验证结论A“EatLess，ReadMore”（少吃多阅读），首段未提及“阅读”，且“少吃”仅对应儿童糖果诱惑，未覆盖成年人信息诱惑的核心片面且无依据排除B“TheBitterTruthaboutEarlyHumans”（早期人类的残酷真相），第三段提及“祖先生活在低热量环境”是解释诱惑机制的细节，非全文核心细节干扰排除C“TheLater，theBetter”（越晚越好），仅对应儿童实验中“等待获得第二颗糖果”，未延伸到成年人信息诱惑的主题片面排除D“TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups”（成年人的棉花糖实验），“marshmallowtest”是全文线索，“Grownups”对应“adults”，完整覆盖“儿童实验→成年人信息诱惑”的核心逻辑正确正确2024年新课标Ⅱ卷Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicroFarm（BMF）shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated，itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest，userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpreseededpod（容器）togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions（排放）fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingleuseplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment”saidaBMFemployee.3.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout？A.BMF’smajorstrengths.B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence.D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.【答案】A【解析】步骤一：找主题段（1020秒）精读首段与各段首句，圈出3类词：①名词（定对象/话题）：“BabylonMicroFarm（BMF）”（巴比伦微型农场）、“indoorgardensystem”（室内种植系统）②形容词（定情感/优势）：“shortensitevenmore”（进一步缩短运输距离）、“littleeffort”（省力）、“zeroemissions”（零排放）、“nopesticides”（无农药）步骤二：找主题词与核心逻辑（1分钟）核心对象：“BMF”（全文围绕其展开）优势词：“reducetravel”（缩短运输）、“littleeffort”（省力）、“automated”（自动化）、“zeroemissions”（零排放）、“nopesticides”（无农药）、“reducewaste/carbon”（减少浪费/碳排放）步骤三：用标志词验证（40秒）选项主题词匹配度验证结论A“BMF’smajorstrengths”（BMF的主要优势），全文依次介绍BMF“缩短运输距离、自动化省力、零排放、无农药、减少浪费”等优势，完全覆盖核心正确正确B“BMF’sgeneralmanagement”（BMF的总体管理），文中仅提及“员工低碳生活、鼓励回收”，属于细节，未围绕“管理”展开细节干扰排除C“BMF’sglobalinfluence”（BMF的全球影响），全文未提及BMF在“全球范围”的影响，仅介绍其功能与优势无依据排除D“BMF’stechnicalstandards”（BMF的技术标准），文中提到“Cloudmonitoring”（云端监控）、“app”（应用程序）、“automatedsystem”（自动化系统），是技术特点而非“标准”偷换概念排除2024年新课标Ⅰ卷“Iamnotcrazy”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture（针灸）onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarian（兽医）nowpracticing“holistic”medicine—biningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic（按摩疗法）andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity，startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmusclerelaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture，anancientChinesepractice，andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So，afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorefortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.4.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout？A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B.Theplexityofveterinarians’work.C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases. D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.【答案】D【解析】步骤一：找主题段（1020秒）①名词（定对象/话题）：“LeighTindale’sdogCharlie”（LeighTindale的狗Charlie）、“PriscillaDewing’shorseNappy”（PriscillaDewing的马Nappy）、“holisticmedicine”（整体疗法，呼应前文）②形容词（定效果）：“easedsuffering”（缓解痛苦）、“keephimaliveforadditionalfivemonths”（多活五个月）、“movesmoreeasily”（活动更轻松）、“ridesmorefortably”（骑行更舒适）步骤二：找主题词与核心逻辑（1分钟）前文核心：第二段介绍Dr.Farber从“传统兽医”转向“整体疗法”（结合西医与针灸、按摩等）第三段功能：通过“狗Charlie”和“马Nappy”两个案例，证明整体疗法对宠物的效果，支撑前文观点步骤三：用标志词验证（40秒）选项主题词匹配度验证结论A“Stepsofachiropractictreatment”（按摩疗法的步骤），段落未提及“按摩疗法的具体步骤”，仅提到马接受按摩后好转无依据排除B“Theplexityofveterinarians’work”（兽医工作的复杂性），段落未讨论“兽医工作复杂”，而是聚焦“整体疗法的效果”偏离主题排除C“Examplesofrareanimaldiseases”（罕见动物疾病案例），狗的“心脏病”和马的不适未被描述为“罕见疾病”，且段落重点是“治疗效果”而非“疾病本身”偷换重点排除D“Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine”（整体疗法的有效性），两个案例均体现“整体疗法缓解宠物痛苦、改善状态”，直接证明其效果，符合段落核心正确正确模拟训练20252026年高三安徽模拟卷Inanewstudy,conductedbyOhioStateUniversity,researcherssetouttoexplainwhychildrenoftengathermoreinformationthantheyneedtopleteatask,exploringnewwaystosolveitevenwhentheyknowthebestsolutionandhavedonemanytimesbefore.“Childrencan’tseemtostopthemselvesfromgatheringmoreinformationthantheyneedtopleteatask,evenwhentheyknowexactlywhattheyneed,”saidVladimirSloutsky,coauthorofthestudyandprofessorofpsychologyatTheOhioStateUniversity.Sloutskythoughtthismightbebecausechildren’sbrainsaren’tmatureenoughtounderstandthetaskorpayproperattention,orbecausetheylackthecontroltofocus.But,tohissurprise,hefoundthatthemostlikelyreasonforthis“overexploring”isthatworkingmemoryisnotfullydevelopedinchildren.Therefore,whileadultscaneasilyrememberthebestwaytopleteatask,childrenareforcedtoquestiontheiroftencorrectmemoriesandreexploretasksthey’vedonebefore.Simply,childrendon’tholdinformationtheyneedtopleteataskintheirmemoryforverylong,thestudysuggests.Speakingaboutoneofthetaskschildrenwereaskedtopleteinthestudy,wheretheywereaskedtoidentifyananimalbyuncoveringpartsofahiddenpictureofit,Sloutskyexplainedthateventhoughitbecameobviousafterafewtriesthatthetailwastheeasiestandquickestparttouncoverinordertoidentifytheanimal,thekids“justkeptuncoveringmorebodypartsbeforetheymadetheirchoice.”“Thechildrenlearnedthatonebodypartwilltellthemwhatthecreatureis,buttheymaybeconcernedthattheydon’tremembercorrectly.Theirworkingmemoryisstillunderdevelopment,”Sloutskysaid.“Theywanttoresolvethisuncertaintybycontinuingtosample,bylookingatotherbodypartstoseeiftheylineupwithwhattheythink.”Thechildreninthestudywereagedbetweenfourandsix,withmoreresearchsettouncoverexactlywhenchildren’sworkingmemoryimprovesandgivesthemtheconfidenceto“actmorelikeadultsdo”whenitestopletingtasks.1．WhatdidSloutskyinitiallythinkcausedchildren’s“overexploring”?A．Lackofinterestintasks. B．Immaturebrainandpoorfocus.C．Strongdesirefornewexperiences. D．Overdevelopedworkingmemory.2．Whatdidchildrenshowintheanimalidentificationtask?A．Theystruggledtorecognizeanyfeatures.B．Theyignoredthemostobviousvisualclues.C．Theyimmediatelyguesseduponseeingthetail.D．Theykeptcheckingadditionalbodyparts.3．Whatcanbepredictedaboutchildren’sbehaviorastheirworkingmemorydevelops?A．Theywillbeemoreconfidentintheirchoices.B．Theywillprefermoreplexproblemsolving.C．Theywillrequiremoretimetopletetasks.D．Theywillpickupmoreunnecessaryskills.4．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Childrenexplorelessefficientlythanadults.B．Childrenneedmorepracticetoremembertasks.C．Children’scuriosityleadstobetterlearningoutes.D．Children’smemorydevelopmentaffectstheirtasksolving.【答案】1．B2．D3．A4．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是儿童的记忆发展影响他们的任务解决。1．推理判断题。根据第三段“Sloutskythoughtthismightbebecausechildren’sbrainsaren’tmatureenoughtounderstandthetaskorpayproperattention,orbecausetheylackthecontroltofocus.(Sloutsky认为，这可能是因为儿童的大脑还不够成熟，无法理解任务或给予适当的注意力，或者是因为他们缺乏集中注意力的控制。)”可知，Sloutsky最初认为导致了孩子们的“过度探索”的是他们的大脑不成熟，注意力不集中。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Speakingaboutoneofthetaskschildrenwereaskedtopleteinthestudy,wheretheywereaskedtoidentifyananimalbyuncoveringpartsofahiddenpictureofit,Sloutskyexplainedthateventhoughitbecameobviousafterafewtriesthatthetailwastheeasiestandquickestparttouncoverinordertoidentifytheanimal,thekids“justkeptuncoveringmorebodypartsbeforetheymadetheirchoice.”(在谈到研究中要求儿童完成的一项任务时（该任务要求儿童通过揭开隐藏动物图片的部分区域来识别动物），Sloutsky解释说，尽管经过几次尝试后，孩子们明显发现尾巴是揭开并识别该动物时最简单、最快捷的部位，但他们“还是在做出选择前不断揭开更多的身体部位”。)”可知，在动物识别任务中孩子们一看到尾巴就猜到了动物，故选D。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thechildreninthestudywereagedbetweenfourandsix,withmoreresearchsettouncoverexactlywhenchildren’sworkingmemoryimprovesandgivesthemtheconfidenceto“actmorelikeadultsdo”whenitestopletingtasks.(研究中的孩子年龄在4到6岁之间，更多的研究将揭示孩子的工作记忆何时会改善，并使他们在完成任务时“表现得更像成年人”。)”可知，随着儿童工作记忆的发展，他们会对自己的选择更有信心。故选A。4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“But,tohissurprise,hefoundthatthemostlikelyreasonforthis“overexploring”isthatworkingmemoryisnotfullydevelopedinchildren.Therefore,whileadultscaneasilyrememberthebestwaytopleteatask,childrenareforcedtoquestiontheiroftencorrectmemoriesandreexploretasksthey’vedonebefore.(但令他惊讶的是，他发现这种“过度探索”最可能的原因是儿童的工作记忆没有完全发展。因此，虽然成年人可以很容易地记住完成任务的最佳方法，但孩子们被迫质疑他们经常正确的记忆，并重新探索他们以前做过的任务。)”可知，本文主要讲的是儿童记忆发展对其任务解决能力的影响，因此本文的主旨是D选项“Children’smemorydevelopmentaffectstheirtasksolving.(儿童的记忆发展影响他们的任务解决。)”。故选D。2025202年高三重庆渝中Iwaslostinthecity.Mynerveswerestressed.Mymusclesweretense.Myheartwaspounding.Myhandsheldthesteeringwheel(方向盘)ofmycarasIcircledthesamecityblockforthetenthtime.Asagirl,Igrewupinthecountry.Ihadneverdriveninthecitybefore,butIneededtopickupmyelderdaughter.Withmythreesonsinthecar,Iwastryingmybesttofindtheexitbacktotheinterstatehighway.ThishappenedlongbeforeGPS,andmyhandwrittendirectionsseemedtobewrong.Itdidn'thelpthatthe

justinchestospareasIinchedmywaybacktotheturnoffagain.Finally,indesperation,Iwhispered,“Please.Iwanttogohome.Helpusfindourwaysafelythere!”Atthatmoment,Isawit,the