初高中英语教学衔接语篇类型与话语标记词课件

初高中英语教学衔接：语篇类型与话语标记词---------------------------------------------------PowerPointdesign主讲人：时间：01020304目录CONTENTS0306语篇类型概述话语标记词案例分析总结与展望总结与展望语篇类型概述PART-01语篇类型概念语篇是具有一定结构和功能的语言单位，涵盖多种类型，如记叙文、说明文、议论文等，是英语学习的重要内容。常见语篇类型记叙文以叙述事件为主，说明文用于解释事物，议论文则表达观点和论证，了解这些类型有助于理解文章结构和内容。语篇类型定义语篇类型概念语篇是具有一定结构和功能的语言单位，涵盖多种类型，如记叙文、说明文、议论文等，是英语学习的重要内容。常见语篇类型记叙文以叙述事件为主，说明文用于解释事物，议论文则表达观点和论证，了解这些类型有助于理解文章结构和内容。语篇类型定义语篇类型概念语篇是具有一定结构和功能的语言单位，涵盖多种类型，如记叙文、说明文、议论文等，是英语学习的重要内容。常见语篇类型记叙文以叙述事件为主，说明文用于解释事物，议论文则表达观点和论证，了解这些类型有助于理解文章结构和内容。语篇类型定义教材中常见的语篇类型话语标记词PART-02---------------------------------------------------PowerPointdesign

话语标记词是用于连接语篇各部分、表达逻辑关系的词汇，能帮助理解语篇结构和作者意图。话语标记词定义在高中英语记叙文中，话语标记词（DiscourseMarkers）如同“路标”，能引导读者理清叙事脉络、把握情节逻辑。以下是常见类型及示例：一、时间顺序标记词：用于串联事件发生的先后，构建叙事时间线。Atfirst：Atfirst,shehesitatedtoacceptthechallenge,butcuriositydroveherforward.（起初，她犹豫是否接受挑战，但好奇心驱使她前进。）Shortlyafter：Shortlyaftertherainstopped,arainbowappearedinthesky.（雨停后不久，天空出现了彩虹。）Meanwhile：Hewaspreparingdinner;meanwhile,hissisterwassettingthetable.（他在做晚餐，与此同时，妹妹在摆餐具。）Finally：Finally,theyreachedthetopofthemountainandenjoyedthebreathtakingview.（最终，他们抵达山顶，欣赏到了壮丽的景色。）二、逻辑关系标记词：体现因果、转折、并列等逻辑，增强叙事连贯性。However：Shetriedtocallforhelp;however,nooneheardhervoice.（她试图呼救，然而没人听到。）Therefore：Hemissedthebus;therefore,hewaslatefortheexam.（他没赶上公交，因此考试迟到了。）Moreover：Thejourneywastiring;moreover,theweatherturnedworseatnight.（旅途很累，而且夜晚天气变得更糟。）Onthecontrary：Otherscomplainedaboutthetask;onthecontrary,shesawitasanopportunity.（其他人抱怨任务繁重，相反，她视其为机会。）三、情感与态度标记词：传递人物心理或作者评价，让叙事更具感染力。Surprisingly：Surprisingly,theoldlettercontainedasecretthathadbeenhiddenfordecades.（令人惊讶的是，这封旧信藏着一个尘封数十年的秘密。）Fortunately：Fortunately,thelostdogwasfoundbyakindstrangerthenextday.（幸运的是，走失的狗第二天被一位善良的陌生人找到。）Undoubtedly：Undoubtedly,theexperiencetaughthimthevalueoffriendship.（毫无疑问，这次经历让他懂得了友谊的可贵。）四、总结与强调标记词：用于收尾或突出重点，深化叙事主题。Inconclusion：Inconclusion,thetripnotonlybroadenedherhorizonsbutalsochangedherattitudetowardlife.（总之，这次旅行不仅拓宽了她的视野，也改变了她对生活的态度。）Aboveall：Aboveall,thestoryremindsusofthepowerofkindnessindifficulttimes.（最重要的是，这个故事让我们铭记困境中善意的力量。）

这些标记词如同叙事的“粘合剂”，既能让情节衔接自然，也能帮助读者快速理解故事的时间线、逻辑关系和情感走向，是高中英语记叙文写作中提升流畅度的关键要素。Define...as...：Artificialintelligenceisdefinedasthesimulationofhumanintelligenceinmachines.（人工智能被定义为机器对人类智能的模拟。）Thatis(tosay)：Thegreenhouseeffect,thatis,thetrappingofheatbyatmosphericgases,causesglobalwarming.（温室效应，即大气气体对热量的滞留，导致全球变暖。）Inotherwords：Theexperimentrequiresconstanttemperature—inotherwords,donotopenthewindowduringtheprocess.（实验需要恒温，换言之，过程中不要开窗。）一、定义与解释标记词：用于阐释概念或术语，符合说明文的准确性要求。在高中英语说明文中，话语标记词（DiscourseMarkers）是精准传递信息、构建清晰说明逻辑的关键，常用于解释概念、流程、现象等场景。以下是常见类型及示例：Therearethreetypes...：Therearethreetypesofpollution:air,water,andsoilpollution.（污染有三类：空气污染、水污染和土壤污染。）Firstly/Secondly/Finally：Toplantatree,firstlydigahole;secondlyplacetheseedling;finallywateritthoroughly.（种树时，首先挖洞，其次放入幼苗，最后浇透水分。）Suchas/Forexample：Renewableenergysources,suchassolar,wind,andhydroelectricpower,reducecarbonemissions.（可再生能源，如太阳能、风能和水力发电，可减少碳排放。）二、分类与列举标记词：将说明对象系统化拆解，增强条理性。First/Next/Then/Finally：Tomakeasandwich,firsttoastthebread;nextaddlettuceandham;thenspreadsauce;finallycoverwithanotherslice.（制作三明治时，先烤面包，接着加生菜和火腿，然后涂酱料，最后盖上另一片面包。）Subsequently/Afterwards：Thedataiscollectedfirst;subsequently,itisanalyzedusingstatisticalmethods.（先收集数据，随后用统计方法分析。）Inthefirstplace/Intheend：Inthefirstplace,chooseatopic;intheend,reviseyouressaycarefully.（首先选择主题，最后仔细修改文章。）三、过程与顺序标记词：在说明步骤或流程时体现时间或逻辑顺序。Similarly/Likewise：Butterfliesundergometamorphosis,similarly,frogstransformfromtadpolestoadults.（蝴蝶经历蜕变，同样地，青蛙从蝌蚪变成成蛙。）Incontrast/Onthecontrary：Desertsreceivelittlerainfall;incontrast,rainforestshaveabundantprecipitation.（沙漠降雨量少，相反，热带雨林降水充沛。）Comparedwith...：Comparedwithpaperbooks,e-booksaremoreportablebutless护眼（eye-friendly）.（与纸质书相比，电子书更便携，但护眼性较差。）四、对比与类比标记词：突出事物差异或相似性，帮助读者理解。Inbrief/Tosummarize：Inbrief,regularexercise,balanceddiet,andenoughsleeparethekeystogoodhealth.（简言之，规律锻炼、均衡饮食和充足睡眠是健康的关键。）Importantly/Clearly：Importantly,theexperimentresultsmustberecordedaccuratelytoensurevalidity.（重要的是，实验结果必须准确记录以确保有效性。）Itcanbeseenthat...：Itcanbeseenthaturbanizationhasbothpositiveandnegativeimpactsontheenvironment.（可见，城市化对环境兼具正负影响。）五、总结与强调标记词：收尾时归纳信息或突出关键要点。

这些标记词通过精准的逻辑衔接和信息分层，使说明文在客观阐释事物时兼具条理性与可读性，是高中写作中体现“说明性”与“逻辑性”的核心语言工具。用于开篇或段落首句，明确立场或引出论点。Inmyopinion：Inmyopinion,onlineeducationcannotreplacetraditionalclassroomlearningentirely.（在我看来，在线教育无法完全取代传统课堂学习。）AsfarasIamconcerned：AsfarasIamconcerned,teenagersshouldbalancescreentimewithoutdooractivities.（就我而言，青少年应平衡屏幕时间与户外活动。）Itiswidelybelievedthat...：Itiswidelybelievedthatreadingimprovescognitiveabilities,butitsspecificeffectsvaryamongindividuals.（人们普遍认为阅读能提升认知能力，但其具体效果因人而异。）一、观点引入标记词在高中英语议论文中，话语标记词（DiscourseMarkers）是构建论证逻辑、增强说服力的核心工具，常用于观点表达、论据衔接和结论推导。以下是常见类型及示例：连接论点与论据，体现论证的层次感。Firstofall/Secondly/Finally：Firstofall,exerciseboostsphysicalhealth;secondly,itrelievesstress;finally,itenhancessocialinteraction.（首先，锻炼促进身体健康；其次，缓解压力；最后，增强社交互动。）Forexample/Forinstance：Manycitieshavepromotedbike-sharingprograms.Forexample,Copenhagen’scyclinginfrastructurehasreducedcarbonemissionssignificantly.（许多城市推行共享单车计划，例如哥本哈根的骑行基础设施已显著降低碳排放。）Take...asanexample：Takedigitalliteracyasanexample—ithasbecomeasessentialastraditionalliteracyinthemodernworld.（以数字素养为例，它在现代社会已与传统读写能力同等重要。）二、论据衔接标记词用于反驳对立观点或突出差异，强化论证深度。However/Nevertheless：Somearguethattechnologyisolatespeople;however,italsoconnectsindividualsacrosscultures.（有人认为科技使人孤立，然而它也跨文化连接了人们。）Ontheonehand...Ontheotherhand...：Ontheonehand,socialmediaspreadsinformationrapidly;ontheotherhand,itmayspreadmisinformation.（一方面，社交媒体快速传播信息；另一方面，可能传播虚假信息。）Incontrast/Bycomparison：Incontrasttoonlineshopping,physicalstoresallowcustomerstoexperienceproductsdirectly.（与网购相比，实体店让顾客能直接体验商品。）三、对比与转折标记词体现论据与论点的逻辑关联，增强说服力。Therefore/Thus：Teenagersspendmoretimeonline;therefore,parentsshouldguidethemtodevelophealthydigitalhabits.（青少年上网时间更长，因此家长应引导其养成健康的数字习惯。）Asaresult/Consequently：Schoolshaveimplementedgreenpolicies;asaresult,campuswastehasdecreasedby30%.（学校推行环保政策，结果校园垃圾减少了30%。）Thisisbecause...：Readingremainsirreplaceable.Thisisbecauseitfostersdeepthinkingunlikeshallowonlinebrowsing.（阅读仍不可替代，这是因为它培养深度思考，不同于浅层次的网络浏览。）四、因果与逻辑推导标记词Inconclusion/Tosumup：Inconclusion,technologyisadouble-edgedswordthatrequiresrationaluse.（总之，科技是把双刃剑，需要理性使用。）Undoubtedly/Clearly：Undoubtedly,educationshouldfocusonbothknowledgeandcharactercultivation.（毫无疑问，教育应兼顾知识与品格培养。）Itisobviousthat...：Itisobviousthatglobalcooperationisthekeytosolvingclimatechange.（显然，全球合作是解决气候变化的关键。）五、总结与强调标记词：收尾时重申观点或升华主题，强化论证力度。

这些标记词通过逻辑链条将观点、论据和结论有机串联，使议论文结构清晰、论证严密，是高中写作中体现批判性思维和逻辑表达的核心要素。Iamwritingto...：Iamwritingtoinquireabouttheapplicationproceduresforthesummercamp.（我写信是为了咨询夏令营的申请流程。）Itismypleasureto...：Itismypleasuretoinformyouoftheupcomingcampusartfestival.（很高兴通知您即将举办的校园艺术节。）Regarding...：Regardingtherecentdiscussion,I’dliketosharemysuggestionsonenvironmentalprotection.（关于最近的讨论，我想分享环保方面的建议。）一、开篇引入标记词：用于开头点明目的或主题，符合应用文规范。在高中英语应用文中，话语标记词（DiscourseMarkers）是构建功能性文本逻辑的核心要素，常用于书信、通知、演讲稿等场景，帮助清晰传达信息、体现正式语气。以下是常见类型及示例：First(ly)/Second(ly)/Finally：First,arriveatthevenue15minutesearly;secondly,prepareabriefself-introduction;finally,followthemoderator’sinstructions.（首先，提前15分钟到场；其次，准备简短自我介绍；最后，听从主持人指示。）Ontheonehand...Ontheotherhand...：Ontheonehand,onlinelearningoffersflexibility;ontheotherhand,itlacksface-to-faceinteraction.（一方面，线上学习灵活；另一方面，缺乏面对面交流。）Foronething...Foranother...：Foronething,theactivitycanpromoteteamwork;foranother,ithelpsbuildconfidence.（其一，活动能促进团队合作；其二，有助于建立自信。）二、分点说明标记词：在建议、通知等文体中分项阐述，增强条理性。Iwouldappreciateitif...：Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldreplyatyourearliestconvenience.（如能尽早回复，将不胜感激。）Itissuggestedthat...：ItissuggestedthatstudentsbringtheirIDcardstothelecture.（建议学生携带身份证参加讲座。）MayIsuggest...：MayIsuggestwepostponethemeetingtonextMonday?（我建议将会议推迟到下周一，好吗？）三、礼貌请求与建议标记词：体现应用文的礼貌性，常见于书信、倡议书中。Lookingforwardto...：Lookingforwardtoyourpromptreply.（期待您的及时回复。）Inshort：Inshort,everystudent’sparticipationmatterstothesuccessoftheevent.（简言之，每位学生的参与对活动成功至关重要。）Let’sworktogetherto...：Let’sworktogethertomakeourcampusmorebeautiful.（让我们共同努力，使校园更美丽。）。四、结尾总结与呼吁标记词：用于收尾时重申要点或表达期望，强化文本目的。Furthermore：Theprojectrequirescreativity;furthermore,itneedscarefulplanning.（项目需要创造力，此外还需精心规划。）Importantly：Importantly,allparticipantsmustsubmittheirformsbyFriday.（重要的是，所有参与者须在周五前提交表格。）Notonly...butalso...：Theactivitynotonlyenrichesourknowledgebutalsofostersfriendship.（活动不仅丰富知识，还能增进友谊。）五、补充与强调标记词：在说明性文本中拓展信息或突出重点。

这些标记词通过逻辑链条将观点、论据和结论有机串联，使议论文结构清晰、论证严密，是高中写作中体现批判性思维和逻辑表达的核心要素。案例分析PART-03It’salwaysagoodthingtohaveahobby.ForMissPatty,aschoolbusdriverinErieCounty,herhobbyofknitting(编织)hasmadeherreallytouchthecommunity.MissPattyalwayswantedtodosomethingwithhersparetimetohelpthestudents.Afteraconversationwithoneofthestudents,thingstookaturnfromknittingonehattoknittingmorehats.“Theoneboygetsonthebus,andhegoes‘whatareyoudoing?’Isaid,‘I’mmakingahat.Hesaid,‘Thatwouldbegreathavingsuchawarmhatinicywinter.’SoIsaid,‘Whatcolorwouldyoulike?’Thatstartedeverything,”MissPattytoldthelocalnewspaper.Severalyearshavepassedsincethatday,andMissPattyhasalreadyknitted7,083hatsforstudentsinhersparetime.Sometimesshewillgetthestudent’sfavoritecolorbeforeshebeginstheproject.WhatismoremovingisthatMissPattybuysallthematerials(材料)usingherownmoney.Somepeopledogivehergiftcardsaroundtheholidaystohelp,butshestillputsoutalotofherownmoney.Alongwithmakinghatsforthestudentsthatwillkeepthemwarm,MissPattyalsogetspraiseforbeingatrustedfriendtothestudents.典型案例：

记叙文时间与事件衔接标记词细节补充与递进标记词情感与重点突出标记词引用与直接对话标记词17．WhatmadeMissPattydecidetoknitmorehats?A．AdrivetoErieCounty. B．Ashowofcolorfulhats.C．Aletterinthenewspaper. D．Aconversationwithaboy.18．WhydoesMissPattyknitsomanyhatsinhersparetime?A．Topracticeherskill. B．Tobetterherbusiness.C．Tomakemorefriends. D．Togiftstudentsforwinter.19．WhatmakesMissPatty’sactmoremoving?A．Sherefusesothers’help.B．Shebuysmaterialswithherownmoney.C．Sheworksduringholidays.D．Sheknitshatsofdifferentcolorsforkids.20．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMissPatty?A．Humorous. B．Honest. C．Caring. D．Shy.典型案例：

记叙文参考答案：17．D18．D19．B20．CChineseculturehasgreatattractionforpeoplebothathomeandabroad.WehaveseenmanypeoplefromaroundtheworldexpresstheirloveforChinesecultureindifferentforms.AgrowingnumberofforeignershaveevenchosentoliveinChinaforitsculture.InterestedinChineseclassicalliterature,CanadianartistBrandonCollins-GreenorLinBuraninChineseexpresseshisunderstandingofADreamoftheRedChamberbyCaoXueqinandChinesepoemsthroughthousandsofpaintings.Oftenpaintingthroughoutthenight,hehascreatedmorethan4,200works.LivingaloneinthecenterofNanchang,hehascomealongwaysincehefirstcameherein2015tostudyancientChineseliterature.BrandonloveslearningaboutthelifestyleofancientChinesepeople.“Sofar,Ihavereadthenovelthreetimes,translatedmostofitspoems,songs,lanternriddles(谜语),anddialoguesintoEnglish,andcompletedover1millionwordsofarticlesand2,000relatedpaintingsduringmyPhDstudies,”saidBrandonwithprideandsatisfaction.典型案例：

说明文分类与列举标记词过程与顺序标记词TimurKuvatov,director-generalandeditor-in-chiefoftheKazakhstanTodayNewsAgency,isaChinesekungfufan.HehaswonkungfuchampionshipsalotoftimesandalsoservedasacoachfortheKazakhstankungfuteam.“ChinesekungfuisatreasureofChineseculture.ItisnotjustasportbutalsoreflectstheChinesewayofdealingwithpeople,theirunderstandingoflife,nature,andtheworld,”hesaid.VincentCazeneuve,knownasWensenQiinChinese,isaFrenchartistdevotedtolacquer(漆器)creation.HecametoliveinChongqingin2009.HisworkshavebeenshowninartinstitutionsbothinandoutsideofChina,andhisfanshaveevencollectedsomeofthem.WhatisthecharmofChineseculturethatattractsthesepeople?Itliesinitsrichnessandopenness.Alsoitsculturalbackgrounddifferencesmakeforeignerscuriousaboutthelifestyles,wayofthinking,andvaluesofthecountry.典型案例：

说明文定义或解释标记词分类与列举标记词总结与强调标记词1．WhathasBrandondonetoexpresshisloveforChineseculture?A．HehascreatedmanyfamousChinesepoems.B．HehasdecidedtomovetoChinawithhisfriends.C．HehaswrittenthousandsofChineselanternriddles.D．HehastranslatedpartofCaoXueqin’snovelintoEnglish.2．AstoChineseculture,whatisTimurKuvatovinterestedin?A．Kungfu. B．Paintings. C．Literature. D．Lacquercreation.3．WhatdoesthewriterexpressthroughthestoriesofBrandon,TimurandVincent?A．Chinesenamesaremoreattractivetoforeigners.B．TheinfluenceofChineseartprovesgreaterabroad.C．Chinesecultureisgettingpopulararoundtheworld.D．Chinaisanidealcountryforpeoplefromabroadtolive.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．NewlookoftraditionalChinesecultureB．CharmofChinesecultureinforeigners’eyesC．DevelopmentofChinesecultureintheWestD．CulturedifferencesbetweentheEastandWest典型案例：

说明文参考答案1．D2．A3．C4．BAtanearlyage,westartlearninghowtomanagemoneybywatchingourparents’spendinghabits.Don’tworryifwehaven’tlearnedwellhowtosaveorspendmoney.Thefollowinglifelessonsaboutmoneycanhelpusformgoodspendinghabits.Moneydoesn’tgrowontrees.Askids,wedon’toftenthinkaboutwheremoneycomesfrom.Weneedtoknowthatourparentsworkhardtomakemoney,andthatitmaybeuseduponeday.Goingtotheirworkplacestowatchhowtheyworkisagreatwaytounderstandmoneyisnotthateasytomake.Weshouldn’tspendallourmoneyinonego.It’simportantforustohaveabudget(预算).Inotherwords,weneedtothinkabouthowmuchmoneywehaveandwhatwereallywanttospenditon.Realizingthatourpocketmoneycan’tcovereverythingwewant,weshouldmakesmartspendingchoices.Weshouldsetacleargoalandwatchourmoneygrow.Ifwewishtoownanewbicyclebutcan’taffordit,wecansaveourpocketmoney.How?Writedownhowmuchmoneywehaveinanotebookandwatchitgrow.Afterwehaveenough,wecanbuythatwonderfulbicyclewe’vedreamedabout!Reachingourgoalwillgreatlysatiateus.典型案例：

议论文观点引入标记词论据衔接标记词词因果与逻辑推导标记词Wecantalkwithourparentsabouthowmoneyisusedandwheremoneygoes.Doyouknowwhatabankaccount(账户)is?Ifnot,communicatewithourparents.Wecanalsogotothesupermarketwithourparentstoexperiencehowmoneyisspentintherealworld.Withoutdoubt,weshouldtreatmoneyinarightway.Actually,learningaboutmoneyisn’tahardjob.Fromtheselessons,wecangetasenseofmoneymanagementandrightmoneyvaluesstepbystep!31．Wheredoesmoneycomefromaccordingtothetext?A．Parents’hardwork. B．Kids’lifelessons.C．Goodspendinghabits. D．Thebankaccount.32．Whatdoesthewriterwantkidstodobygivingtheexampleofbuyingabicycle?A．Buyawonderfulnotebook. B．Makeafreespendingchoice.C．Setagoalofsavingmoney. D．Haveanexperienceofshopping.典型案例：

议论文总结与强调标记词33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“satiate”meaninParagraph4?A．Relax. B．Interest. C．Surprise. D．Satisfy.34．Whichofthefollowingwillthewriterprobablyagreewith?A．Adultscanmakemoneygrowmore.B．Kidsshouldhaveamoneyspendingplan.C．Parentsmaygivekidslotsofpocketmoney.D．Supermarketswillbeplacestochangemoney.35．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．CausesofSpendingMoney B．WaysofManagingMoneyC．PurposesofTreatingMoney D．ConditionsofSavingMoney典型案例：

议论文参考答案：31．A

32．C

33．D

34．B

35．BNote:Youmayusetheovenortheknife.Theboilingwatermayalsobenecessary.Becareful!Note:Youmayusetheovenortheknife.Theboilingwatermayalsobenecessary.Becareful!FuncookingclassesforchildrenatCookingclubVisitwww.cookingelub.comtosignup(报名)fortheclasses!典型案例：

应用文Jiaozimagic(Tuesday5:00p.m.orThursday4:30p.m.)Whatfillings(馅)doyo