北京市西城区2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考试 英语 含解析

北京市西城区2024-2025学年度第二学期期末试卷高一英语2025.7本试卷共16页，共140分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第I卷(共75分)I.听力理解(共三节，22.5分)第一节：(共4小题；每小题1.5分，共6分)听下面四段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听一遍。1.Howwillthespeakersgototheweekendmarket?A.Bybike.B.Bycar.C.Bybus.2.Wheredidthemanputthekeys?A.OntheTVstand.B.Inhisjacketpocket.C.Onthekitchentable.3.Whichexhibitionisthewomangoingtovisit?A.Photography.B.Painting.C.Sculpture.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Wheretobuynecessarymedicine.B.Whentoissueahurricanewarning.C.Whattopreparebeforeanaturaldisaster.第二节：(共6小题；每小题1.5分，共9分)听下面三段对话，每段对话后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话你将听两遍。听第5段材料，回答第5至第6小题。5.Whatiswrongwiththewoman’sphone?A.Itsscreenisbroken.B.Itwon’tturnonproperly.C.Thesoftwarecan’tbeupdated.6.Whatistheman?A.Asalesman.B.Anengineer.C.Awaiter.听第6段材料，回答第7至第8小题。7.Whatisthewoman’smajornow?A.Appliedphysics.B.Englishliterature.C.Computerprogramming.8.Wheremighttheconversationtakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Inatheatre.C.Inaschool.听第7段材料，回答第9至第10小题。9.Whenwillthefoodfestivalstart?A.OnAugust5h.B.OnAugust15h.C.OnAugust25h.10.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Toapplyforastand.B.Tosellseasonalfruits.C.Tosolveschedulingproblems.第三节：(共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分)听下面一段独白，根据题目要求在相应的横线上写下第11题至第15题的关键信息。每小题仅填写一个词。这段独白你将听两遍。HowtoSaveEnergyatHomeUseenergy-savingappliancesUpgradetoenergy-savingfridgesandwashingmachinesChangetoLEDlightsto11lightingenergyusePractisesensibleenergy12Turnofflightswhenleavingaroom13electronicswhentheyarenotinuse14heatingandcoolingneedsUse15blinds:closethematnightinwintertokeepheatinand...Changeyourair-conditionertemperatureto27℃insummerandheaterto20℃inwinterII.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenIwaseight,myfatherleft.Mymotherbecameasinglemomofsixboys,workingseveraljobstokeepusfedandsheltered.Lifeforuswas____1____.WhenIwashavingahardtimeadaptingtomynot-so-happylife,IwaspairedwithPaulinanAmeriCorpsprogram.Paulisasystemsengineer.HecameintomylifewhenI____2____himthemost.HebecametheonlyeducatedpersoninmyyounglifetowhomIcouldtalkandlooktofor____3____.Hebecamealightthathelpedleadmetowardsabetterlife.AsIgrewup,wewouldgooutandhavefuntogether.OfallthememoriesIhavewithhim,onememory____4____inparticular.WewenttotheBostonHarborIslandsforatripinthemiddleofwinter.NotpayingattentiontoPaul’s____5____,Iwasshowingoffmyrock-jumpingskillswhenIfoundmyself____6____falling15feetintotheicyharbor!PoorPaulquickly____7____meoutofthewater,andtogether,wegottorideaboatbacktoBostonfrominsidetheheatedcaptain’sroom.Notallofourmomentswerethisdramatic,____8____eachwasspecial.Webakedcookies,wewenttothemovies,andweevenchangedcarbatteriestogether!Duringourtimetogether,PaulreallylistenedtowhatIsaidandkeptshowingmethatI____9____.Unlikesomanypoorly-educatedpeopleinmychildhoodneighborhood,I,____10____byPaul,wenttocollege.Aftermanyyears,Istartedmyown____11____.Icompletelyenjoythelifeofabusinessman,withallitsupsanddowns.Ifeel____12____thatthroughmydifficultchildhood,Idevelopedmyfoundation—extremepatienceanddetermination,andastrong____13____toalwaysdogood.Ihavecomealongwayfrommyhardbeginnings.Paulwouldtellyouthatheisjusta(n)____14____guy,whojustshowedup.Butnotme,whenIlookatPaul,Iseemyhero.Whenlifewasstacked(处于劣势)againstme,hewasthere,movingmecloserandclosertoabetterlife.Anditmadea____15____.1.A.boring B.busy C.tough D.meaningless2.A.trusted B.missed C.admired D.needed3.A.guidance B.acceptance C.respect D.comfort4.A.wearsoff B.sticksout C.flashesback D.getsaway5.A.warning B.reaction C.promise D.comment6.A.smoothly B.effortlessly C.accidentally D.secretly7.A.forced B.pulled C.held D.threw8.A.and B.although C.because D.unless9.A.succeeded B.changed C.progressed D.mattered10.A.impressed B.touched C.encouraged D.praised11.A.family B.company C.community D.union12.A.confident B.curious C.powerful D.fortunate13.A.desire B.emotion C.ability D.build14.A.regular B.familiar C.amazing D.optimistic15.A.connection B.point C.record D.difference【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.B5.A6.C7.B8.B9.D10.C11.B12.D13.A14.A15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在困难时期得到Paul的帮助，从而走向成功并心怀感恩的故事。【1题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的生活很艰难。A.boring无聊的；B.busy忙碌的；C.tough艰难的；D.meaningless无意义的。根据上文“Mymotherbecameasinglemomofsixboys,workingseveraljobstokeepusfedandsheltered.”可知，作者母亲独自抚养六个孩子，生活很艰难。故选C。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在我最需要他的时候走进了我的生活。A.trusted信任；B.missed错过；C.admired钦佩；D.needed需要。根据下文“HebecametheonlyeducatedpersoninmyyounglifetowhomIcouldtalk”、“Hebecamealightthathelpedleadmetowardsabetterlife”、“Whenlifewasstackedagainstme,hewasthere,movingmecloserandclosertoabetterlife.”可知，他成了作者年轻时唯一能和他交谈的受过教育的人，他成了引领作者走向更美好生活的明灯，所以此处指他在作者最需要他的时候走进了作者的生活，故选D。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他成为了我年轻时唯一一个受过教育的人，我可以和他交谈并寻求指导。A.guidance指导；B.acceptance接受；C.respect尊重；D.comfort安慰。根据上文“Hebecametheonlyeducatedpersoninmyyounglife”可知，Paul是受过教育的人，因此作者可以向他寻求指导，故选A。【4题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在所有和他在一起的回忆中，有一个记忆特别突出。A.wearsoff磨损；B.sticksout突出；C.flashesback回闪；D.getsaway离开。根据下文“NotpayingattentiontoPaul’s5,Iwasshowingoffmyrock-jumpingskillswhenIfoundmyself6falling15feetintotheicyharbor!PoorPaulquickly7meoutofthewater,andtogether,wegottorideaboatbacktoBostonfrominsidetheheatedcaptain’sroom.”可知，下文描述的作者和Paul去波士顿港群岛旅行的经历可知，这个记忆特别突出，故选B。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有注意Paul的警告，当我发现自己意外地从15英尺高的地方掉进冰冷的港口时，我正在炫耀我的跳岩技巧！A.warning警告；B.reaction反应；C.promise承诺；D.comment评论。根据下文“Iwasshowingoffmyrock-jumpingskillswhenIfoundmyself6falling15feetintotheicyharbor”可知，作者没有注意Paul的警告，发生了意外。故选A。【6题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.smoothly顺利地；B.effortlessly轻松地；C.accidentally意外地；D.secretly秘密地。根据上文“Iwasshowingoffmyrock-jumpingskills”和下文“falling15feetintotheicyharbor”可知，作者是在炫耀跳岩技巧，因此是意外掉进港口，故选C。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：可怜的Paul很快把我从水里拉了出来，我们一起从加热的船长室里乘船回到波士顿。A.forced强迫；B.pulled拉；C.held握住；D.threw扔。根据下文“meoutofthewater”可知，Paul把作者从水里拉了出来，故选B。【8题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：并不是我们所有的时刻都这么戏剧化，但每一个都很特别。A.and和；B.although虽然；C.because因为；D.unless除非。根据上文“Notallofourmomentswerethisdramatic”和下文“eachwasspecial”可知，前后是转折关系，故选B。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们相处的时间里，Paul真的听我说了什么，并一直向我展示我很重要。A.succeeded成功；B.changed改变；C.progressed进步；D.mattered重要。根据上文“PaulreallylistenedtowhatIsaid”可知，Paul倾听作者说话，让作者感到自己很重要，故选D。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与童年时邻居中许多受教育程度低的人不同，在Paul的鼓励下，我上了大学。A.impressed给……留下深刻印象；B.touched感动；C.encouraged鼓励；D.praised表扬。根据上文“Unlikesomanypoorly-educatedpeopleinmychildhoodneighborhood”以及下文“Iwenttocollege”可知，作者在Paul的鼓励下上了大学，故选C。【11题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年后，我创办了自己的公司。A.family家庭；B.company公司；C.community社区；D.union联盟。根据下文“Icompletelyenjoythelifeofabusinessman”可知，作者创办了自己的公司，故选B。【12题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很幸运，通过我艰难的童年，我建立了我的基础——极度的耐心和决心，以及总是做好事的强烈愿望。A.confident自信的；B.curious好奇的；C.powerful强大的；D.fortunate幸运的。根据下文“throughmydifficultchildhood,Idevelopedmyfoundation—extremepatienceanddetermination”可知，作者感到很幸运，故选D。【13题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.desire愿望；B.emotion情感；C.ability能力；D.build建造。根据下文“toalwaysdogood”可知，作者有总是做好事的强烈愿望，故选A。【14题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Paul会告诉你，他只是一个普通人，只是出现了。A.regular普通的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.amazing惊人的；D.optimistic乐观的。根据下文“whojustshowedup.Butnotme,whenIlookatPaul,Iseemyhero”可知，虽然作者认为Paul是自己的英雄，Paul认为自己只是一个普通人，故选A。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这产生了影响。A.connection连接；B.point点；C.record记录；D.difference不同。根据上文“Whenlifewasstackedagainstme,hewasthere,movingmecloserandclosertoabetterlife.”可知，Paul对作者产生了影响，makeadifference“产生影响”，故选D。III.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，共30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。APlanningacampingtripthissummer?Canadahasavarietyofoptions.Wehandselectedthesesitesforyoubecausecampingissuchanimportantpartofthesummerexperienceinourcountry.PacificRimNationalParkThemaindraw:LongBeachisthebestPacificexperience—22kilometresofsandwithahorizonthatdisappearsintotheocean.Thecampsitesheresitveryclosetotheocean.Thingstodo:Startbyexploringthebeach.Ofcourse,youcanalsogoforaswim,butbeawarethatthewaterisabout10℃.Ifyou’reintosurfing,therearealmostalwayswavesatLongBeach.Greywhalesspendthesummerinthewatersjustoffshore,providingwhalewatchingopportunities.AliceLakeProvincialParkThemaindraw:Whatthissmallparklacksinsize,itmakesupforinlocation,sittingjustnorthofSquamish—“Canada’sOutdoorRecreationCapital”.Campgroundpathslinkintothearea’sworld-classmountain-bikingnetwork.Thingstodo:YoucanwarmupforSquamishmountainbikingwithathree-kilometreridestartingjustoutsidethecampground.YoucanalsocooloffwithaswiminAliceLakeorrelaxonitssandybeaches.Anddon’tmissSquamish’sHoweSoundrestauranthere,youcantrytheirdeliciouswood-firedpizza.MountRobsonProvincialParkThemaindraw:There’snobetterplacetoadmirethehighestmountainintheCanadianRockiesthanattheBergLakeCampground.Thecampgroundislocatedbesideasmalllakethatcontainsminiicebergsthathavebrokenofffromaglacier(冰川)onthemountainabove.Thingstodo:TheBergLakeareahasseveralworld-classhikes.TheSnowbirdPasshikeisatough22-kilometreroundtrip.Thelakeprovidesapeacefulandbeautifulenvironmentforvisitorstoboatandenjoythesurroundingmountainscenery.PeterLougheedProvincialParkThemaindraw:ThiscampingareainAlberta’sKananaskisCountryispopularwiththelocals.IthasallthecharacteristicsyougetinnearbyBanff,butwithoutthecrowds.Youcanonlyreachitbyhikingforaboutthreekilometres.Thingstodo:Besidesfishing,youcanrelaxintheflower-filledfieldsandenjoynicemountainviewsatSouthKananaskisPass.Usekayaks(皮划艇)toexploretheshorelineofUpperKananaskisLake.16.WhatcanvisitorsdoinPacificRim-NationalPark?A.Enjoyfishing. B.Watchgreywhales.C.Trymountainbiking. D.Eatawood-firedpizza.17.Ifyouwanttogoforworld-classhikes,youcanexplore________.A.PacificRimNationalPark B.AliceLakeProvincialParkC.MountRobsonProvincialPark D.PeterLougheedProvincialPark18.Whatdothefourparkshaveincommon?A.Theyallofferwateractivities. B.Theyallhavepeacefulcampsites.C.Theyallfeaturebeautifulmountainviews. D.Theyallmakegooddestinationsforhiking.【答案】16.B17.C18.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了加拿大四个夏季可露营的公园，包括各自的特色和提供的游玩项目。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据PacificRimNationalPark部分“Greywhalesspendthesummerinthewatersjustoffshore,providingwhalewatchingopportunities.(灰鲸在近海水域度过夏天，为观赏鲸鱼提供了机会)”可知，在PacificRim-NationalPark游客可以观看灰鲸。故选B。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据MountRobsonProvincialPark部分“TheBergLakeareahasseveralworld-classhikes.(贝格湖地区有几处世界级的徒步旅行)”可知，如果想体验世界级的徒步旅行，可以探索MountRobsonProvincialPark。故选C。【18题详解】细节理解题。根据PacificRimNationalPark部分“Startbyexploringthebeach.Ofcourse,youcanalsogoforaswim,butbeawarethatthewaterisabout10℃.Ifyou’reintosurfing,therearealmostalwayswavesatLongBeach.(从探索海滩开始。当然，你也可以去游泳，但要注意水温约为10℃。如果你喜欢冲浪，长滩几乎总是有海浪)”，AliceLakeProvincialPark部分“ YoucanalsocooloffwithaswiminAliceLakeorrelaxonitssandybeaches.

(你也可以在爱丽丝湖游泳降温，或者在沙滩上放松)”，MountRobsonProvincialPark部分“Thelakeprovidesapeacefulandbeautifulenvironmentforvisitorstoboatandenjoythesurroundingmountainscenery.(湖提供了一个宁静而美丽的环境，供游客划船和欣赏周围的山景)”和PeterLougheedProvincialPark部分“Usekayaks(皮划艇)toexploretheshorelineofUpperKananaskisLake.(使用皮划艇探索上卡纳纳斯基湖的海岸线)”可知，四个公园都提供了水上活动。故选A。BFouryearsago,ChristinatraveledtoIndiawithherfamily.AtamarketinBombay,shewassurprisedtoseerowsofobjectsmadeofivory(象牙).Globally,theivorytradehasbeenagainstthelawformorethan30years,andelephanthuntinghasbeenprohibitedinIndiasincethe1970s.Curious,Christinadidsomeresearchanddiscoveredashockingpieceofdata:Africa’sforestelephantpopulationhaddroppedbyabout62percentbetween2008and2019.Andthenumberscontinuetodrop.Awildlifelover,Christinawantedtodosomethingtohelpprotectthespeciesthatisstillthreatenedbypoaching(偷猎).Overthecourseoftwoyears,ChristinacreatedElSa(shortforelephantsavior),alow-costmodelofanAI-drivensoftwarethatlooksatmovementpatternsinthermalinfrared(热能红外)videosofhumansandelephants.Christinasaysthesoftwareisfourtimesmoreaccurate(精确的)thanexistingadvancedmethods.ElSausesathermalcamerathatconnectstoasmartphone.Thecameraandthephonearethenattachedtoadrone,andthesystemproducesreal-timeresultsasitfliesoverparks,showingwhetherobjectsbelowarehumanorelephant.Herprojectwonanawardintheworld’slargestinternationalpre-collegeSTEMcompetition.ChristinafirstlearnedaboutthecapabilitiesofAIjustafterninthgrade.OnceatanAIconference,ChristinametAprilMoss,aHarvardcomputerscientistwhowasworkingonawildlifeprotectionprojectusingdronesandmachinelearning.Christinareachedouttothecomputerscientistaboutherideatocatchelephantpoachersusingmovementpatterns,andMosswashappytohelpherwiththesoftwareproject.Afternumerousimprovements,ChristinafinallycreatedElSa,whichwasabletopickouthumanswithover90percentaccuracy.Inthefall,ChristinawillattendtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,whereshewantstostudyelectricalengineeringandcomputerscience.Shehasplanstoenlargehermovementpatternresearchintootherendangeredanimals.AndshewantstobeginusinghersoftwareinnationalparksinAfrica.“Researchisn’tastraightline,”Christinasays.“Thathasmadememoreresourceful.Italsohelpedmedevelopintoamorecreativethinker.Youlearnalongtheway.”19.Whichistheprobableorderofthefollowingevents?①ChristinasawivoryproductsonsaleinBombay.②ChristinacreatedElSa.③ChristinaattendedanAIconference.A.①②③ B.②③① C.①③② D.③①②20.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatElSa________.A.ismorecost-savingthantheexistingmodelB.canidentifypoachersusingmovementpatternsC.isgoodattellingthedifferencesbetweenanimalsDcanpredictthemovementsofhumansandelephants21.WhatisChristina’sfutureplan?A.Tostudywildlifeprotectioninuniversity. B.TotakepartinacollegeSTEMcompetition.C.ToworkwithAprilMossonaprojectinAfrica. D.Toapplyhersoftwaretootherendangeredanimals.22.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordswouldbestdescribeChristina?A.Honestandresourceful. B.Responsibleandcreative.C.Generousandintelligent. D.Considerateandhard-working.【答案】19.C20.B21.D22.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述克里斯蒂娜因目睹象牙贸易，研发AI软件ElSa识别偷猎者，获大奖，计划扩展至其他濒危动物保护，从中学会应变与创新。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Fouryearsago,ChristinatraveledtoIndiawithherfamily.AtamarketinBombay,shewassurprisedtoseerowsofobjectsmadeofivory(象牙).(四年前，克里斯蒂娜和家人一起去了印度。在孟买一个市场里，她惊讶地看到一排排用象牙制成的物品)”、第四段“ChristinafirstlearnedaboutthecapabilitiesofAIjustafterninthgrade.OnceatanAIconference,ChristinametAprilMoss,aHarvardcomputerscientistwhowasworkingonawildlifeprotectionprojectusingdronesandmachinelearning.Christinareachedouttothecomputerscientistaboutherideatocatchelephantpoachersusingmovementpatterns,andMosswashappytohelpherwiththesoftwareproject.(克里斯蒂娜第一次了解到人工智能的能力是在九年级之后。有一次在一次人工智能会议上，克里斯蒂娜遇到了哈佛大学的计算机科学家艾普莉·莫斯，她正在研究一个使用无人机和机器学习的野生动物保护项目。克里斯蒂娜向这位计算机科学家提出了利用运动模式捕捉偷猎者的想法，莫斯很乐意帮助她完成这个软件项目)”以及第三段中“Overthecourseoftwoyears,ChristinacreatedElSa(shortforelephantsavior),alow-costmodelofanAI-drivensoftwarethatlooksatmovementpatternsinthermalinfrared(热能红外)videosofhumansandelephants.(在两年的时间里，克里斯蒂娜创造了ElSa（大象救世主的缩写），这是一款低成本的人工智能驱动软件，可以观察人类和大象的热红外视频中的运动模式。)”可推知事件顺序为：先看到象牙制品（①），再参加AI会议，遇到正在研究一个使用无人机和机器学习的野生动物保护项目的计算机科学家艾普莉·莫斯（③），最后创建ElSa（②）。正确顺序为①③②。故选C。【20题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ElSausesathermalcamerathatconnectstoasmartphone.Thecameraandthephonearethenattachedtoadrone,andthesystemproducesreal-timeresultsasitfliesoverparks,showingwhetherobjectsbelowarehumanorelephant.(艾尔莎使用的热像仪连接到智能手机上。然后将摄像头和手机连接到一架无人机上，当无人机飞过公园上空时，系统会产生实时结果，显示下面的物体是人还是大象。)”以及第四段中“Christinareachedouttothecomputerscientistaboutherideatocatchelephantpoachersusingmovementpatterns,andMosswashappytohelpherwiththesoftwareproject.Afternumerousimprovements,ChristinafinallycreatedElSa,whichwasabletopickouthumanswithover90percentaccuracy.(克里斯蒂娜向这位计算机科学家提出了利用运动模式捕捉偷猎者的想法，莫斯很乐意帮助她完成这个软件项目。经过多次改进，克里斯蒂娜最终创造了ElSa，它能够以超过90%的准确率辨别出人类。)”可知，ElSa能够通过运动模式来识别偷猎者。故选B。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Shehasplanstoenlargehermovementpatternresearchintootherendangeredanimals.(她打算将自己在动物运动模式方面的研究拓展到其他濒危动物身上)”可知，克里斯蒂娜的未来计划是将她的软件应用到其他濒危动物身上。故选D。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Awildlifelover,Christinawantedtodosomethingtohelpprotectthespeciesthatisstillthreatenedbypoaching(偷猎).(作为一名野生动物爱好者，克里斯蒂娜想要做点事情来帮助保护这个仍然受到偷猎威胁的物种)”以及第三段“Overthecourseoftwoyears,ChristinacreatedElSa(shortforelephantsavior),alow-costmodelofanAI-drivensoftwarethatlooksatmovementpatternsinthermalinfrared(热能红外)videosofhumansandelephants.(在两年的时间里，克里斯蒂娜创造了ElSa（大象救世主的缩写），这是一种低成本的人工智能驱动软件模型，可以观察人类和大象的热红外视频中的运动模式)”可知，克里斯蒂娜责任心强且富有创造力。故选B。CDocatsrememberwhotheirmotheris?Theanswertothisquestionisabitcomplex.Catsareunsocialanimals.Theirrelationshipsdon’tfunctionthesameasthoseofpeople.Therefore,catsdon’tremembertheirmothersinthesamewaythathumansdo.Catsusesmelltoidentifyoneanother.Mothersandkittensmaycontinuetorecognizeeachotheriftheyareneverseparated.Iftheyareseparated,theywilllikelynotrecognizeeachotherwhentheyarereunited.Afterall.theirsmellwillhavechanged,whichwillcausetheir“identity”tochange.Evenifamotherandherkittensaren’tseparated,akitten’ssmellwillbegintochangewhenitisaround12weeksold.Beforethen,thekittensspendtheirtimeinanestingbox,whichcausesthemtodevelopauniquesmell.Aftertheystopspendingsomuchtimeintheirbox,thesmellslowlygoesaway,andthecatswilladoptthesmelloftheirenvironment.Eventually,itwillchangeenoughtopreventthecatsfromidentifyingeachotheraslittermates(同窝出生的仔畜).Domothercatsknowwhotheirkittensare?Variousstudieshavebeenperformedonwhethercatshaveaninbornsenseofwhotheirkittensare.Mostcatsacceptanykittenthatsuckles(吮吸)onthem.Youcantakekittensfromdifferentmothersandgivethemtothesamemothercat,andshewilltypicallyacceptthem.Therefore,catslikelydon’thaveastrongsenseofwhichkittensare“theirs”.Theytakecareofwhicheverkittensareintheirnestingbox.However,catstypicallyusesmelltorecognizeothercatsthattheyknow.Kittensthatspendtimeinamother’snestingboxwillusuallybecaredforbythatmother,asthey“smell”likeherkittens.Thisistrueevenifthekittensaren’tbiologicallyhers.Therefore,themothercatdoesn’tknowwhichkittensshegavebirthto.However,thereisasenseofwhichkittensare“hers”basedonwhichonesareinhernestingboxandsmelllikeit.Ifanykittensdisappear,shewilllikelynoticeandlookforthem.Butthatisn’talwaystrue.Sometimes,catsdon’trealizethattheyhavefewerkittens.Whenthekittensgrow,themothermayrecognizethattheyareherkittensiftheyarekeptaroundandnotseparated.However,shewon’tdevelopthesamemother-childrelationshipthathumansdo.Catstypicallydon’tform“family”ties.23.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodobymentioninghumanrelationshipsinParagraph1?A.Highlightadifference. B.Giveasuggestion.C.Makeanassumption. D.Expressadoubt.24.Catsareabletoknowwhotheirmothersarebecauseoftheir________.A.strongattachments B.inbornskillsC.biologicalrelationship D.sharedsmell25.Regardingamother’srelationshipwithherkittens,wecanlearnthat________.A.mothers’lovefortheirkittenslastsalifetimeB.motherswillmisstheirkittensiftheyareseparatedC.mothersdon’talwaysrememberwhichkittenstheygavebirthtoD.mothersdriveawaytheirkittenswhentheyareabout12weeksold26.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toshowwhycatsfailtoidentifytheirlittermates.B.Topointoutwhenkittenstendtoleavetheirmothers.C.Toexplorewhatfactorsaffectmother-kittenrecognition.D.Toexplainhowtostrengthencats’mother-childrelationship.【答案】23.A24.D25.C26.C【解析】【导语】这一篇说明文。猫是否记得母亲较复杂，它们靠气味识别，分开后因气味变化可能不认；母猫也难辨亲生幼崽，通常无人类般母子关系和家庭纽带。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Theirrelationshipsdon’tfunctionthesameasthoseofpeople.Therefore,catsdon’tremembertheirmothersinthesamewaythathumansdo.(它们之间的关系与人类的关系有所不同。因此，猫不会像人类那样记住自己的母亲)”可知，作者在第一段中提及人际关系的目的是强调猫与人类在亲子关系上的差异。故选A。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Catsusesmelltoidentifyoneanother.Mothersandkittensmaycontinuetorecognizeeachotheriftheyareneverseparated.Iftheyareseparated,theywilllikelynotrecognizeeachotherwhentheyarereunited.Afterall.theirsmellwillhavechanged,whichwillcausetheir“identity”tochange.(猫是通过嗅觉来辨认彼此的。母猫和小猫即便从未分开过，也能一直认出对方。但如果它们分开后又重新相遇，它们很可能就无法认出彼此了。毕竟。它们的气味会发生变化，这会导致它们的‘身份’也随之改变)”可知，猫能够认出自己的母亲，这是因为它们之间有着相似的气味。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Therefore,themothercatdoesn’tknowwhichkittensshegavebirthto.(因此，母猫并不知道自己生下了哪些幼崽)”可知，母猫并不总是能记得自己生下了哪些幼崽。故选C。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Docatsrememberwhotheirmotheris?Theanswertothisquestionisabitcomplex.Catsareunsocialanimals.Theirrelationshipsdon’tfunctionthesameasthoseofpeople.Therefore,catsdon’tremembertheirmothersinthesamewaythathumansdo.(猫能记住自己母亲是谁吗？这个问题的答案有点复杂。猫是不太善于社交的动物。它们之间的关系与人类的关系有所不同。因此，猫不会像人类那样记住自己的母亲)”结合文章主要说明了猫是否记得母亲较复杂，它们靠气味识别，分开后因气味变化可能不认；母猫也难辨亲生幼崽，通常无人类般母子关系和家庭纽带。可知，这篇文章的目的是探究影响母猫与幼猫识别能力的因素。故选C。DA2023studyfromtheUniversityofBathfoundthatyoungergenerationshavehigherlevelsofperfectionism,orhavingexceptionallyhighstandardsandbeingoverlyself-critical,comparedwithpreviousgenerationsatthesameperiodintheirlives.Usingdatatakenfrom40,000NorthAmericanandBritishuniversitystudents,researchersfoundevidencethattheextenttowhichyoungpeopleplaceanunreasonableimportanceon“beingperfect”hadincreased.Growingcompetitionforuniversityplacesandjobs,andincreasinglystrictparentswerelistedamongcontributingfactors.TheWorldEconomicForumdescribesitasa“hiddenwaveofperfectionism”andconnectsperfectionismwithseriousmentalillnessessuchasdepression,anxietyandeatingdisorders.ClinicalpsychologistEllenHendriksensaysthatperfectionismisn’tnecessarilyaboutbeingperfect;instead,it’saboutneverbeinggoodenough.“It’saninnerpushtodomore,andalwaysbebetterbut,eventually,itcostsusmorethanitbuysus,”shesays.Ofcoursethereisnothingwrongwithsimplywantingtodowellandhavinghighstandardsforyourself.So,whendoesthisbecomeaproblem?Ellensaysithastodowiththereasonwhyyou’repursuing(追求)something.“There’sadifferencebetweendoingsomethingaswellasyoucanandmakingsomethingperfect.Ifyouenjoythejourneyofdoingsomething,that’sgreat.Butifyou’redoingitbecauseyouwanttoproveyou’regoodenough—that’swhatperfectionismis.”Whatarethetell-talesignsthatyou’reaperfectionist?Onecommoncharacteristicofperfectionismisprocrastination(拖延),butnotforthereasonsyoumightnormallyattachtoit,suchaslaziness.“Oftenperfectionistsfearthatthey’renotgoingtobeabletoperformtothelevelthatothersmightexpect,orthattheendresultwon’tbegoodenough,”Ellenexplains,“soit’snotactuallytheavoidanceofatask;it’savoidanceofnegativeemotionsconnectedwithatask.”Otherelementsofperfectionismcanbeseeninthewaythesepeoplemakedecisions.Therearetwoextremes:thosewhomakequickdecisionsandbelievethattheyareabsolutelymakingthe“correct”or“right”decision,andotherswhoaresoworriedaboutmakingthewrongdecision,andregretthattheyspendtoomuchtimeagonizingoverit,researching,weighingadvantagesanddisadvantagesandtalkingtopeopleforencouragement.Sohowdowebreakfreefromperfectionism?Itstartswithchallengingtheoriginalbeliefsthatdriveit.Perfectionismisoftenrootedinfear—fearoffailure,criticism,ornotbeinggoodenough.Askingourselvesquestionslike,“What’stheworstthatcouldhappenifthisisn’tperfect?”canhelpusputthingsintoperspective(正确认识).Bylettinggoofthefearofimperfection,wefreeourselvestotakerisks,becomemorecreative,andreachourtruepotential27.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.HowperfectionismharmsyoungpeopleB.Whythereexistsahiddenwaveofperfectionism.C.Whenperfectionismmayleadtomentalillnesses.D.Whatdrivesyoungergenerationstopursueperfection.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Doingone’sbesttypicallymarksperfectionism.B.Thepursuitofperfectionisthemaincauseofmentalissues.C.Rushingintodecisionscausesmoreproblemsthanweighingoptions.D.Fearoffailureplaysakeyroleinconnectingperfectionismandprocrastination.29.Whatdoesthephrase“agonizingover”underlinedinParagraph6probablymean?A.Insistingon. B.Strugglingwith. C.Cryingover. D.Dreamingabout.30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ThePriceofPerfection:PerfectionismHoldsYouBackB.TheLieofPerfection:UnrealisticGoalsWorsenAnxietyC.TheRootofPerfectionism:FearofNotBeingGoodEnoughD.TheTrapofPerfectionism:WantingtoBePerfectCausesSelf-Doubt【答案】27.A28.D29.B30.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。2023年巴斯大学研究发现年轻一代完美主义程度更高，其成因包括竞争加剧等，与多种心理疾病相关，文章还说明了其特征及应对方法。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“TheWorldEconomicForumdescribesitasa“hiddenwaveofperfectionism”andconnectsperfectionismwithseriousmentalillnessessuchasdepression,anxietyandeatingdisorders.ClinicalpsychologistEllenHendriksensaysthatperfectionismisn’tnecessarily