中考初中英语名词讲解与练习

中考初中英语名词讲解与练习初中英语名词讲解与练习1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。专有名词:表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。（专有名词的第一个字母要大写。）LucyChina中国Asia亚洲Beijing北京。普通名词:表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:teacher老师tea茶reform改革普通名词又可进一步分为四类1)个体名称:表示单个的人和事物。house马car汽车room房间apple苹果fun风扇picture照片2)集体名称:表示一群人或一些事物的名称。people人们family家庭army军队government政府group集团3)物名质词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。fire火steel钢air空气water水milk牛奶4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。labour劳动health健康life生活friendship友情patience耐力2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词(CountableNouns)有复数形式,如:anappletwoapplesacarsomecars不可数名词(UncountableNouns)一般没有复数形式.抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。sand沙sugar糖有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。glass玻璃glass玻璃杯paper纸paper报纸,文件3.名词的功能名词在句中作主语,宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。Thebagisinthedesk.bag作主语。书包在桌子里边。Iwashedmyclothesyesterday.clothes作宾语。昨天我洗了我的衣服。Thisisagoodbook.book作表语。这是一本好书。Weelectedhimourmonitor.monitor作宾语补助语。我们选他为我们的班长。Maryliveswithherparents.parents作介词宾语.玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。HeisaPartymember.Party作定语.他是一名党员。Theystudyharddayandnight.dayandnight作状语。他们白天黑夜地学习。4.可数名词有单数(theSingularNunmber)和复数(thePluralNumber)两种形式。名词的复数形式(ThePluralFormNouns)的部分规则如下:1)一般情况下,在词尾加-s.例如:bags,maps,pens,desks,workers2)以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es.例如:buseswatchesboxes3)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s.例如:licencesblousesoranges4)以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es.例如:babiesfamilies5)名词以-f或-fe结尾的,把-f或-fe变成-ves.bookshelves,wives,knives注:英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要一一记忆常见的有,man-menwoman-womenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-niceox-oxensheep-sheepdear-dearfish-fish英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。scissors剪刀goods货物trousers裤子clothes衣服glasses玻璃杯4.名词的所有格(ThePossessiveCaseofNouns)在英语中,名词的格有三个,主格,宾格和所有格。它们的形式及其变化表示与其他词的关系。实际上,主格和宾格通过它在句中的作用和位置来确定。Thebirdisinthetree.鸟在树上。bird作主语,是主格。Isawafilmyesterday.昨天我看了一场电影。film作宾语,是宾格。名词的所有格:名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。LuXun'sbookisworthreading.鲁迅的书值得一读。Thisismyfather'sroom.这是我父亲的房间。名词所有格的构成单数名词加's例词:Mike'sfather以s结尾的复数名词加'例词:theteachers'room不以s结尾的复数名词加's例词:men'swomen's课后练习题1、Nowadayswecanlearnagreatdealof_____abouttheworldthroughtheInternet.A.informationB.booksC.peopleD.countries2、-Themanistrainingsomeboystoplaybasketballintheplayground.Ishea______?-Yes,that’sright.A.doctorB.policemanC.driverD.coach3、--Thewallofourbuildingismadeof.--That’sgood.Sotheroomwillbebright.A.glassB.steelC.woodD.paper4、---Passmethe_____onthetable,please.Iwanttoplaypaper-cutting.A.chopsticksB.silverC.surfaceD.scissors5、Asweknowthatdogshaveaprettygoodofsmell.A.senseB.ideaC.feelingD.taste6、--Howoftendoyoueat_______?--IguessIeatittwoorthreetimesaweek.A.junkfoodB.vegetableC.bananaD.hamburger7、Nextweekisquitefullforme.AndIhavetoseethe_______forteethcleaning.A.dentistB.reporterC.musicianD.writer8、WhenIwasyoung,Ialwayslikedtoplayinthe_____nearmyhome.A.bandB.wonderC.streamD.energy9、Ihavesomeproblemswithmyhealth.Canyougivemesome_______?A.adviceB.messagesC.suggestionD.note10、--Whatfruitwouldyoulike?--Some,please.Theyaremyfavorite.A.dessertB.grapesC.juiceD.biscuits11、WecangetaboutourhomeworkontheInternet.A.aninformationB.manyinformationC.someinformationsD.someinformation12、Youcanseesomestudentsreadbooksinourschoolintheafternoon.A.libraryB.bookcaseC.boxD.schoolbag13、---WherecanIbuyafootball?---Maybeyoushouldgotothe____________.A.clothesshopB.flowershopC.shoeshopD.sportsshop14、—What'syourfavoritecolor，Linda?—Ilike________best.Ihavemanythingsofthatcolor.A．baseballB．geographyC．licenseD．pink15、Therearetwonearhere.A.shoeshopB.shoesshopsC.shoeshopsD.shoe’sshop16、—Whyarethesemobilephonessoldsowellinyourstore，MrWang?—Becausealmostevery________likestheirstyles.A．heroB．rulerC．pioneerD．customer17、—Doctor，doyouthinkIhavegotabadcold?—Maybe.ButIcan'tsaythatbeforeI______you.A．createB．warnC．examineD．praise18、—Isittruethatsomecolorscanmakeusfeelrelaxed?—Yes.Colorsdohavethe______tochangeourfeelingsandmoods.A．secretB．powerC．ideaD．experience19、Inwesterncountries,________arethrownawayeachday.A.mountainsofrubbishB.mountainsofrubbishesC.alotofrubbishD.alotofrubbishes20、Look,five_________arefeedingonthehill.A.sheepsB.sheepC.sheepsD.thesheep21、–Howsoonshallwestartthebicycletrip?--_________.A.Infiveday’stimeB.Infivedays’timeC.InfivedaystimeD.Forfivedays22、–Which____ofShanghaidoyoucomefrom?--Letmeshowyouonthemap.A.cityB.villageC.countryD.part23、–Whatwouldyoulike,Madam?–I’dlike________,please.A.twobottlesoforangeB.twobottlesoforangesC.twobottleoforangesD.twobottleoforange24、Several_________aretalkingunderthetree.Andtheir________areswimminginthelake.A.woman;childrenB.woman;childC.women;childrenD.women;child25、Ifyouwanttogetthejob,youneedtohavetwoyears'working_______.A.experienceB.pronunciationC.conversationD.environment26、—Closeyoureyesandguesswhattheboxismadeof.—It’ssoheavy.Itmustbemadeof____________.A．paperB．plasticC．silkD．metal27、—Whatfruitwouldyoulike?—Some,please.Theyaremyfavorite.A.dessertB.grapesC.juiceD.biscuits28、Doyouhaveany________and________forlunch?A.chicken;tomatoesB.chicken;tomatoC.chickens;tomatoesD.chickens;tomato29、ifyouneedfurther________aboutourproducts,pleasesurftheInternet.A.InformationB.experienceC.practiceD.expression30、Annastudieddayandnightinordertogetgood______onherexams.A.scoresB.waysC.reasonsD.exercises31、Jenny,youshouldpreparefortomorrow’s_______.A.attentionB.interviewC.directionD.instruction32、What________willglobalwarmingbringus?Scientistshavegivenusaclearlist.A．newsB．dangersC．coursesD．advantages33、Ifyoucanvaluewhatyouhaveanddosomethingtohelpothers,youwillfindyourlifeisfullof________.A．friendshipB．pleasureC．sadnessD．trouble34、Tigersliketoeat________,butkoalasliketoeat________.A．meat,leafB．meats,leafC．meat,leavesD．meats,leaves35、—Youwonfirstprizeinthephysicscompetition.—Areyoukidding?Imadeseveralterrible______．A.mistakeB.mistakesC.problemD.problems36、Daminghascollected5，000_____．A．busticketsB．busesticketC．busticketD．busestickets37、Thebroken________maycutintoyourhandifyoutouchit.Youshouldbecareful.A．glassB．glassesC．candleD．candles38、Thisrestaurantisverypopular,becauseitsChinese_______areverygood.A.mealsB.picturesC.menusD.seats39、Thereare_________inourtown．A．twoJapaneseandfiveAmericanB．twoJapanesesandfiveAmericanC．twoJapaneseandfiveAmericansD．twoJapanesesandfiveAmericans40、Ifoundmylostbikebecauseofhisproper___________.A.decisionB.satisfactionC.surpriseD.joy参考答案1、A2、D3、A4、D5、A6、A7、A8、C9、A10、B11、D12、A13、D14、D15、C16、D17、C18、B19、A20、B21、B22、D23、A24、C25、A26、D27、B28、A29、A30、A31、B32、B33、B34、C35、B36、A37、A38、A39、C40、A二、英语书面表达专项训练2．中国传统文化源远流长，代代相传。近期各校都在开展学习中国传统文化活动。某网站正在开展以“弘扬中国传统文化”为题征文，请你用英文写一篇报道，介绍你校上周举办的“讲中国成语故事”活动并谈谈你的收获与感受。提示词语：Chineseidioms,story,collect,share,learnfrom,acient提示问题：●Whatdidyoudoduringtheactivityof"TellingChineseidiomsstory"?●Whatdidyoulearnfromtheactivity?●Whatdoyouthinkofit?【答案】Theactivityof“TellingChineseidiomsstory”washeldinourschoollastweek.Inordertotakepartinthisactivity,IcollectedlotsofChineseidiomstoriesinadvance.Manystudents,includingme,activelysharedtheChineseidiomstoriesintheactivity.Aftereachstory,theteacherexplainedthemeaningofidiomsandhowtouseitcorrectly.Welearnedalotfromourteacher.Ididlotsofreadingintheprocessofpreparation.Myreadingabilityhasimprovedgreatly.What’smore,IrealizedtherichnessofChineseacientculture.Ireallyhadagoodtimeontheactivity.【解析】【详解】1.题干解读：这是一篇提纲类书面表达，只给了一些要点提示，但都不很明确。学生除了要把所给要点提示都表达出来外，还要进行适当拓展，使文章内容充实。2.例文点评：例文采用三段式；用第一人称来叙述讲成语故事活动；因为活动已经举办，所以时态采用一般过去时；对参加活动的过程描写完整且条理清晰。3.高分亮点：短语：inorderto，takepartin，lotsof，learnfrom，intheprocessof，What’smore，haveagoodtime。句型：被动句型。3．书面表达你即将升入高中，面临寄宿（aboardingschool)和走读（adayschool)两类学校的选择。请你以“Aboardingschooloradayschool”为题。写一篇短文，内容须包括：读寄宿学校的利和弊；读走读学校的利和弊；你的选择和理由（不得与上述两点内容重复）。注意：1.词数;100词左右（文章开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；2.文中不得出现真实姓名、校名等信息；3.文章必须包含提示中的所有信息，并按要求适当发挥。AhoardingschooloradayschoolWearegoingtograduatefromourmiddleschool,__________________________________【答案】Wearegoingtograduatefromourmiddleschools,andwewillmakeachoicetoenteraboardingschooloradayschool.Bothkindsofschoolhavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.Ifwechooseaboardingschool,wewillsavetimetostudy.However,wemayhavelesstimetostaywithourfamily.Ifwechooseadayschool,parentscanknowmoreaboutourstudies.AtthesametimecomputergamesandTVplaysmaymakeabadinfluenceonus.Asforme,Ipreferaboardingschool.Weshouldpayattentiontoourstudiestogetgoodgradesinthehighschool.【解析】【分析】整体分析：这是一篇给材料作文。可以分三段写。第一段要写总体交代你即将升入高中，面临寄宿（aboardingschool)和走读（adayschool)两类学校的选择。第二段要写详细叙述读寄宿学校的利弊；读走读学校的利弊。第三段要表述作者自己的选择和理由。【详解】写作之前要1.审清题目，看看有哪些要求？哪些时态？人称？2.确定文章类型，记叙文？说明文？议论文？看图？还是应用文？3.确定时态，单一还是混合。4.写下关键词、短语、句型。5.列出提纲和段落，并运用适当的句型和过渡词衔接。6.根据提纲和段落结构句型及关键词句完成文章。写完后反复阅读修改推敲润色，人称、时态、单复数一致等。运用自然过渡法和自然衔接法来是文章更为地道、通顺、纯正。用的短语、句型：bothkindsof、Ifwechooseaboardingschool、Atthesametime、Asforme,Ipreferaboardingschool、payattentionto、来增加了文章的亮点。【点睛】这类作文的写作方法要注意认真审题，注意过渡性语言的使用。做到：要点要全，表达要清晰明确，使用短语，句型要准确，注意避免拼写和语法错误。4．请你根据以下内容提示,为学校广播站英语专栏写一篇短文,介绍发生在你好朋友王强WangQiang身上的一件事。1.上周一放学后WangQiang骑车回家,在十字路口,看到一位老太太正要过马路。2.当时交通灯坏了,所有车辆都一个接一个通过十字路口。3.老太太犹豫不决,不敢独自穿过十字路口。4.王强看到这种情况,主动上前拦住了车辆领着老人安全过了路口。5.请就此事谈谈你的看法......要求:1.短文要包括以上所有要点。2.行文连贯,可适当发挥。3.词数:80-100。开头部分已给出,不计入总词数。参考词汇:十字路口crossroads在……犹豫不决hesitateinLastMondayWangQiangrodehisbikebackhome._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】LastMondayWangQiangrodehisbikebackhome.Onhiswayhome,atacrossroadshesawanoldladygoingacrosstheroad.Becausethetrafficlightsdidn’tworkatthattime,allthetrafficcrossedtheroadwithoutstoppingonebyone.Theladyhesitatedinwhethersheshouldcrossit,butshewasafraidtodothatWhenWangQiangsawthat,heofferedtostopthetrafficwithhisbikeinordertoleadhertocrosstheroadsafely.Inmyopinion,WangQiangissuchagoodexamplethatweshouldlearnfromhim.Atthesametimewealsosuggestthatallthedriversshouldletpeoplecrossfirstandthentrafficwhenthissituationhappens.【解析】【分析】这是一篇给材料作文，介绍发生在我的好朋友王强身上的一件事。【详解】结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时，人称为第三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如：Theladyhesitated……，butshewasafraid……，heofferedto……，WangQiangis…..等句式的应用。写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。【点睛】本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头介绍了王强骑车回家的路上看见一位老太太不敢过马路，接下来介绍他主动上前拦住了车辆领着老人安全过了路口，最后我就这件事谈谈我的想法。此处onone’sway,seesbdoingsth,atthattime,withoutdoingsth,offertodosth,learnfrom等这些词组的运用也让文章增色不少。5．假如你是LiuBin，请用英语给笔友Bob回复邮件。注意：1.文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；2.要点齐全，语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；3.词数100左右，邮件的开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。DearBob,I’mverygladtoknowthatyouwillcometoourschool.Yours,LiuBin【答案】DearBob,I'mverygladtoknowthatyouwillcometoourschool.Letmetellyousomethingaboutit.Ourschoolisverybigandourclassroomisverytidy.Wegotoschoolfivedaysaweekandhavesixclasseseveryday.Thereisalsoanactivityclassintheafternoon.UsuallyItakeexerciseafterschoolsothatIcankeephealthyandstudybetter.SometimesIlistentothemusicforawhile,whichisagoodwaytorelaxmyself.Ofcourse,Ihelpmyparentswiththehouseworkattheweekendstoo.Myclassmatesareverynice.Weoftenhelpeachother.Everyonehashisownwaytodothings,soweshouldunderstandeachother.Besides,itisimportantforustocommunicatewitheachotherandshareourhappinessandsadness.I'mlookingforwardtoyourcoming.Yours,LiuBin【解析】【详解】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如begladto，listentothemusic，fivedaysaweek，sothat，preparefor，forawhile，ofcourse，attheweekends，helpeachother，lookforwardto等。而固定句型itisimportantforustocommunicatewitheachotherandshareourhappinessandsadness.和I'mverygladtoknowthatyouwillcometoourschool./UsuallyItakeexerciseafterschoolsothatIcankeephealthyandstudybetter./SometimesIlistentothemusicforawhile,whichisagoodwaytorelaxmyself.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。【点睛】书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。6．毕业之际，学校要求每位九年级学生给各自家长写封信，简要汇报三年来初中生活的收获与存在的问题。假如你是Jim,请根据下表的提示，用英文做一个简短的汇报。收获1.学到很多知识…2.学会了与人相处：在校...,在家…3.遇到困难时…存在问题学习压力…目前想法1.感谢2…要求：（1）：表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；（2）：必须包括提示中的所有信息，并按要求适当发挥；（3）：不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。（4）：词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）DearDad＆Mum,I’llleavejuniorschoolsoonandmeetanewchallengeofmylife.NowIwouldliketotellyouwhatIhavedoneinthepastthreeyears____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Jim【答案】例文DearDad＆Mum,I’llleavejuniorschoolsoonandmeetanewchallengeofmylife.NowIwouldliketotellyouwhatIhavedoneinthepastthreeyears.IhavelearntalotofknowledgefromthebooksandIhaveimprovedmystudyskills.Ihavelearntaboutalotoffamouspeopleallovertheworld.Tandunisagreatmusician.Hesaidhismusicistodreamwithoutboundaries.Icanalsogetalongwithmyteachersandhelpeachothertoo.AthomeIcandosomehouseworksothatyoucanhavemoretimetorest.WhenImeetdifficulty,Icantalktomyfriendsaboutit.However,Ifeelstressedinmystudy.Ihavealotofhomeworktodoeveryday.Asaresult,Ihavenotimeformyhobbies.Iwouldthankyoufortakinggoodcareofmeandthankmyteachersandfriendsfortheirhelp.Iwillplanmytimewelltostudybetterandsleepwell.YourssincerelyJim【解析】【详解】这是一篇书信作文。在毕业之际，学校要求每位九年级学生给各自家长写封信，简要汇报三年来初中生活的收获与存在的问题。假如你是Jim，要求根据表格的提示内容，用英文做一个简短的汇报。首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作。在写作过程中，注意连句成篇，保持文章的连贯性，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。7．书面表达。职业生涯规划（careerplanning）一词源于1908年的美国，指的是对职业生涯乃至人生进行持续的系统的计划的过程。作为即将毕业的初中学生，我们也是时候该思考我们的职业生涯规划了。请以此为主题写一篇短文。写作要求:1.词数：80—120词；2.文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。参考要点：1.职业选择及原因；2.现阶段的准备(学习、兴趣发展等)；3.……MyCareerPlanning_____________________________________________________________________________【答案】MyCareerPlanningEverybodyhashisorherdreamandcareer.Differentpersonhasdifferentideasinchoosingtheircareer.Forme,myidealcareeristobeateacher.WhenIwasstillalittlechildintheprimaryschool,Ifounditwassogreattobeateacher.InmyheartIthinktheteacherscanteachstudentsavarietyofknowledge.What'smore,tobeateachercouldcontributealotbothtotheirstudentsandtothesociety.Tobeateachershouldbeinterestingbutchallenging.SoImuststudyhardtolearnalotofknowledgeandIshouldlearnhowtogetonwellwithothers.IfIhaveachanceoneday,Iwillchoosetobeateacher.【解析】【分析】这是一篇话题作文，以MyCareerPlanning为话题，介绍我的职业规划。【详解】结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时，人称为单数第一，三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如：Everybodyhas……，myidealcareeris……，WhenIwas……，SoImust……等句式的应用。写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。【点睛】本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头介绍了我的理想职业是当一名教师，接下来介绍我选择当老师的原因以及我现阶段的准备，最后表示只要我有机会，我将会选择做一名老师。此处avarietyof,what’smore,both…and…，getonwellwith,choosetodosth等这些词组的运用也让文章增色不少。8．书面表达某英文报社组织了题为“我喜欢的英语谚语”征文活动，你有意参加。请从下面两句谚语中任选一句作为标题写一篇英语作文，内容须包括：1.该谚语的含义；2.体现该谚语含义的个人经历。a)Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.b)Wherethere’sawill,there’saway.参考词汇：谚语proverb____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】AFriendinNeedisaFriendIndeedAlifewithoutfriendsisalifewithoutsunshine!Friendstrytheirbesttohelpyouwithoutthinkingofwhattheycangetfromit.OnceIdoubtedtheusefulnessofstudy,losingm